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Everyone loves a clean house but not everyone loves the work that it entails. From the kitchen to the bathroom, the living room to the bedroom, the tasks can seem endless. There are countertops to clean, rugs to vacuum, books and decorative items to dust, spills to mop up, etc. It can get a tad overwhelming at times. Cleaning can feel as bothersome as an aching tooth. Even if you put off dealing with it, you know you will have to eventually attend to it, lest it gets way out of hand.

At times like these, your wish for a fairy godmother only gets stronger—someone who could take care of your problems with a single swipe of that sparkling magic wand. But there are all kinds of methods and hacks for cleaning just about everything and we’re here to share some of our favorites.

Use a pillowcase to clean fans

Do you dread cleaning the ceiling fans at the end of winter because you know dust will rain down on you? Just use an old pillowcase. Slip each blade inside the case and wipe away. The dust will be collected inside the pillowcase and not on your hair and carpet. This is an effective way to clean anything when you don’t want dust to get on the floor.

Clean pet hair with rubber gloves

We all love our four-legged friends but their hair can sometimes get on our nerves. You don’t have to buy all kinds of fancy tools to get rid of pet hair around the house. Just put on a pair of rubber gloves and run them over your furniture and other surfaces. Pet fur will gather into small balls and you can then throw them away. Alternatively, you can also use a lint roller to catch stray hairs.

Steam the microwave with lemon

This is one of the easiest things you can do to clean your microwave as well as make your house smell lovely. Put a small bowl of lemon juice in the microwave and heat it for two minutes or till the juice boils. The steam will soften the debris attached to the insides and you can simply wipe it with a clean cloth. Better, your house will have a citrusy fresh scent too. You can also rub half a lemon over chopping boards to get rid of the lingering smells of onion, garlic, etc.

Make your furniture shine with vinegar

Wooden furniture and other items can gather dust and look old and unattractive which is why regular wipe-downs are important. But the constant friction can make them lose their shine. To keep them looking new and shiny, you need to give them a little something extra time and again. Mix one part lemon juice and one part white vinegar in a spray bottle and use this solution to wipe your wooden furnishings at least twice a month. You can also use a solution of vinegar and water to wipe kitchen and bathroom tiles.

Spot-clean sofas with baby wipes

We spend a lot of time in our living room sofas. Spills and stains are inevitable. But with this easy trick, you won’t have to fret over them anymore. Use baby wipes to dab away at the stain or spill. They are gentle and contain little moisture, which is just right for spot-cleaning most materials. However, don’t rub at the spot as this will only push the stain into the fabric. Also, make sure they are baby wipes and not cleaning wipes as the latter might contain harsh chemicals that can damage surfaces.

Buy some microfiber cloth

Oftentimes, we tend to dust with whatever is around. It could be an old towel, a rag we have been meaning to throw away, or that feather duster that has seen better days. Use a microfiber cloth to pick dust from surfaces. These are especially great for TVs, refrigerators, mirrors, etc. Buy big-sized ones as it can be a bit time-consuming to clean larger areas with smaller ones.

Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) aka ‘Sangini Sui’ is a long-acting female contraceptive designed for use in women for birth control, and is not recommended for use in animals.  However, Nepali farmers are rampantly using this female contraceptive injection as a weight booster in the male goat. This unconventional application of MPA as a growth promoter has brought debates owing to its detrimental effects on animal health, human health and the environment. Although MPA is used for estrus synchronization in female goats, this practice in male goats could be detrimental. This article aims to explore the harmful consequences of this practice in sectors such as animal health, human health, and the environment arguing that the side effects of ‘Sangini Sui’ far outweigh the potential benefits to the farmers.

A controversial rise

‘Sangini Sui’ is a  popular injectable contraceptive originally intended for use in women, which contains a synthetic form of human progesterone. Research conducted by Lehloenya and his colleagues in South Africa found an increase in weight after estrus synchronization of the Boer and Nguni female goat with MPA injection. This change in the weight of male goats motivated farmers to use this injection as a growth promoter. This increased weight is supposed to enhance the market value. This trend of the use of MPA as a growth promoter has gained momentum among Nepali farmers in the absence of stringent scientific and regulatory oversight.

An illusion of prosperity

Proponents of the use of MPA as a growth promoter argue that ‘Sangini Sui’ provides economic benefits to farmers by enhancing their returns through weight gains. But weight gain should not overshadow the potentially harmful future consequences on animal health, human health, and the environment. One of the most conspicuous issues regarding the rampant use of  ‘Sangini Sui’ as a growth promoter in male goats is the non-scientific approach to authenticate its efficacy and safety. Also, frequent use and long-term effects on animal health and its residual effects in meat have not been studied yet thereby leaving farmers and consumers in the dark about the potential risks they are undertaking. A study in animals showed immunosuppression in the rabbit injected with the MPA at 30 mg/kg intramuscularly. The hormonal residue from the injected animals can leach into the soil, potentially contaminating groundwater sources and affecting other species in the ecosystem. 

What about animal welfare?

Although the practice of using ‘Sangini Sui’ may enhance the temporary weight gain in animals, it is imperative to consider the issues of the welfare of the animals involved. Injecting MPA into male goats not only affects the hormonal balance in the goat but also causes potential effects altering their physiological behavior along with reproductive issues and disruption in the overall health. The use of MPA disrupts the blood hormonal equilibrium in the male goats suppressing male hormones such as testosterone, leading to harmful physiological events. For instance, a decrease in libido and impaired reproductive function might be noticed. In some cases, it might trigger some harmful effects on the whole endocrine system. Apart from the beneficial effects of weight gain, there could be untoward long-term consequences in male goats thereby diminishing the success of breeding. This may adversely affect the sustainability of goat production in countries such as Nepal. 

Livelihoods at risk

The potentially harmful effects of ‘Sangini Sui’ extend beyond animal health to humans, particularly farmers, who depend on livestock farming for subsistence. At present, ‘Sangini Sui’ as a weight booster in male goats might create a false sense of success for the farmer. However, long-term consequences with an adverse effect on animal health and productivity might lead to financial losses to the farmers, who depend on livestock for their livelihood. In addition, the presence of hormone residues in meat and dairy products poses risks to human health, which are yet to be fully understood. The study conducted by Rath and his colleagues highlighted the adverse effects on human health such as carcinogenesis, endometrial hyperplasia, mammary hyperplasia, and reproductive toxicity through ingestion of residual hormone via meat and milk.

In a nutshell, the practice of using MPA in male goats is a problematic and serious issue, given its adverse effects on animal and human health. Although it may provide short-term economic benefits, the potential long-term effects on animal health, human health, animal welfare and the environment should not be ignored. Moreover, the absence of any rigorous scientific validations and regulatory oversights may worsen health hazards with this practice. All relevant stakeholders such as the policymakers and farmers must aim toward sustainable goat farming rather than imposing any shortcut remedies toward wrong practices that might impact animal health, human health and the whole ecosystem.

The author is a veterinary officer at the Department of Livestock Services

Nepali Congress General Secretary Gagan Kumar Thapa has said that party’s members have not felt the party’s presence in the government. Presenting a document at the party’s Central Working Committee (CWC), Thapa maintained that NC cadres were not connecting themselves with the government’s policy, priorities and programs.

In this scenario, there is a state of confusion inside the party—whether to defend the government or question its relevance, Thapa states in his document. He added that party leaders cannot turn a deaf ear to such a scenario.

Thapa, who prepared the document after extensive consultations with cadres at the grass-roots, noted that there is dissatisfaction over the electoral alliance with the Maoist party. Due to the electoral alliance, cadres did not get the chance to vote for the party’s election symbol, which has created frustration, The cadres have taken the pre-poll alliance with the Maoists as a sign of waning of the party’s ideology and they are unhappy with the party leadership, Thapa said. Thapa has stated that the party should stick to the present ruling coalition but it should pass a resolution declaring that such an alliance won’t continue after the completion of its five-year tenure.

In his political document, the NC general secretary has said that the party failed to implement its statute, which resulted in undemocratic functioning of the party, adding that there is a tendency of neglecting the party’s statute. Per Thapa’s analysis, the party is neglecting the minority voices and those losing elections are adopting non-cooperation policies across the party line. The party is totally visionless leaving the rank and file disillusioned, he said at the party meeting and proposed organizing the party’s general convention on schedule.

The macroeconomic report for the first half of the current fiscal year and the mid-term review of the monetary policy for fiscal year 2023-24, recently released by the Nepal Rastra Bank, shows positive developments in the external sector of the economy. The economy has experienced strong performance in sectors such as mining, construction, tourism and financial services. The resurgence of tourism after Covid has been remarkable, with a substantial increase in tourist arrivals contributing to economic activities and income generation. Infrastructure development, particularly in the energy sector, is expected to enhance production potential. Foreign exchange reserves have reached an impressive Rs 1,816.57bn by mid-January. This achievement is primarily fueled by a notable 25.3 percent increase in remittances amounting to Rs 733.33bn, which undoubtedly paints a positive picture of Nepal's external sector.

Prudent policy adjustments such as maintaining interest rate stability and implementing targeted measures like lowering interest rates for institutional fixed deposits in the mid-term review of monetary policy demonstrate a proactive approach to mitigating risks and stimulating economic activity. The Nepal Rastra Bank's decision to maintain the interest rate corridor while implementing measures to enhance its effectiveness shows its commitment to balanced monetary policies. Moreover, the focus on supporting agriculture and small to medium enterprises through regulatory retail portfolio arrangements reflects a dedication to growth and economic resilience.

While a healthy foreign exchange reserve is essential for economic stability, it is not a solution to all of our economic problems. The decline in exports, slow import growth, manufacturing slowdown, low demand for bank loans from the private sector and the lack of investment despite favorable conditions highlight the underlying issues plaguing our economy. The government has been consistently missing revenue targets. It is crucial to accurately assess economic indicators and devise appropriate policies. Worryingly, both the government and the central bank seem to be falling short in this regard. It is high time for the government and the central bank to shift their focus from highlighting nominal successes to implementing meaningful changes.