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As tensions flare in the Middle East following Iran’s counterattack on Israel, concern has grown over the safety of Nepali citizens living in the region. Bhupal Luitel spoke with Nepali Ambassador to Israel, Dhan Prasad Pandit, to understand the current situation on the ground, the status of Nepalis there, the embassy’s contingency plans, and the latest updates on Bipin Joshi, the Nepali national who has been missing since the Hamas attack in Oct 2023. Excerpts:

We’ve heard a state of emergency was declared after the counterattacks between Israel and Iran began. What is the current situation there now?

The attack began at 3 pm local time here. Even as I am speaking to you, sirens continue to sound intermittently. The first missile attack on Tel Aviv took place at 9 pm. Then, from 1-2 am to 3-4 am, the attack continued with loud noise. The situation here is fine as of 7 am. People are rushing to bunkers within 90 seconds of the siren and remain there for at least 10 minutes. After Israel launched its attack on Iran, there have been reports of hundreds of drones being launched in response, most of which have been intercepted by Israel’s ‘Iron Dome’ defense system. Since the incident began, I’ve been in frequent contact with Nepali government officials and members of the Nepali community, regularly updating them on the situation here.

How many Nepalis are there, and what is their situation?

Neither the Nepali government nor the embassy has accurate data on the actual number of Nepalis in Israel. While the official records only those who came through the G2G (government-to-government) mechanism, there are also Nepalis who arrived via India using Indian passports. Even though they are not counted in official statistics, they continue to send remittances to Nepal—so for practical purposes, they should be considered. This discrepancy makes it difficult to assess the actual number. However, if we include both legal and undocumented individuals, the estimated number of Nepalis in Israel ranges between 5,000 and 7,000. We have contacted the Nepalis and asked them to take help from us but 99 percent of the Nepalis said that they don’t want us to rescue them. There are two reasons for this. One is the job with an attractive salary and the other is the situation where you will not be able to return and get the same job here.
 

As for the current situation, there is no immediate reason for panic among the Nepali community, but discipline and preparedness are crucial. The most important thing is to strictly follow the safety protocols—this includes immediately going to the bunker when sirens sound, avoiding unnecessary movement outside, and especially refraining from going out during times of active crisis.

It’s difficult to assess how the war will unfold. If it escalates further, what preparations has the embassy made?

We are in constant communication with the Nepali government, Nepali citizens in Israel, and their families back home. If the situation escalates into a full-scale war, our response will be limited by our capabilities and available resources. In such a scenario, we would also seek support from neighboring countries. I am currently in touch with ambassadors from Cyprus, India, Thailand, and others to make contingency plans in case a rescue operation becomes necessary for Nepalis.
 

Recently, a delegation including Biratnagar Metropolitan City Mayor Nagesh Koirala arrived here amidst much confusion. I met with him and helped facilitate their return to Nepal via Cyprus. At the same time, I’ve come across Nepalis who have only recently arrived in Israel. Many of them are facing challenges—from not understanding Hebrew to feeling unsafe in older bunkers. I’m working with local officials to ensure they receive the support they need.
 

We have already issued an advisory to all Nepalis here. However, if the war intensifies significantly, I must honestly say that our capacity to evacuate all Nepalis is extremely limited. For comparison, India has around 30,000 to 35,000 citizens here, and it is unlikely they could evacuate everyone at once. Sri Lanka has a similar number, the Philippines about 30,000, and China around 40,000. In such a crisis, every country faces limitations.

We have no choice but to seek international assistance if needed. That said, Nepal has a history of stepping up during crises. If evacuation becomes impossible, the best course of action would be for Nepalis to remain in safe shelters with adequate supplies of food, water, and essentials

It has been about six months since you arrived in Israel as an ambassador. What is the status of Bipin Joshi?

As of now, we still do not have any clear information regarding the status of Bipin Joshi. The Israeli government does not know, nor does the local army. Of the remaining three hostages, Hamas recently returned the body of a Thai citizen who had reportedly died back in December 2023. A Nigerian hostage has also been confirmed dead, and there are reports that his body is being prepared for return. But when it comes to Joshi’s status, I truly cannot say anything beyond this at this point.

The invention of the printing press by German inventor Johannes Gutenberg in the mid-15th century revolutionized the mass distribution of knowledge and information, significantly transforming the practice of politics. More than five centuries later, we are witnessing a similar technological upheaval with the explosive rise of generative artificial intelligence (AI), which is reshaping every sphere of society, including politics and democracy, at an even greater and more profound scale. While the Gutenberg press enabled the spread of knowledge, generative AI can not only disseminate information but also produce vast volumes of text, video, audio and images without human input. 

However, unlike previous communication technologies of the past 500 years, AI is a double-edged sword for democracy. Used responsibly, it can strengthen democratic systems. Misused, it could seriously undermine them. The impact of AI on democracy is complex and multifaceted. When harnessed properly, AI can enhance civic engagement, voter education, governance, election transparency and integrity. Democratic governments can use AI to solicit public input on policy matters or gather feedback during decision-making processes. Around the world, AI is transforming election campaigns and automating electoral procedures. In Nepal, the government could use AI-enabled platforms to gather public feedback on its proposed AI policies and regulations. AI can also serve as a tool to combat fake news, disinformation and misinformation which undermine democratic institutions and erode public trust. Moreover, AI has the potential to reduce election costs for both the state and political parties, minimizing the influence of money and muscle in shaping voting behavior.

At the same time,  AI also presents serious threats to democracy. Deep fakes, AI-generated content that convincingly mimics real people and events, are already blurring the lines between truth and fake.  In Nepal, a flood of AI-generated misinformation is spreading across social media, targeting politicians and political parties, and eroding public trust in the political system. Unfortunately, there has been little research or public debate on this issue, even as malicious actors continue to exploit these tools to manipulate opinion.

There is no concrete data yet on the extent of misinformation and disinformation in Nepal’s 2017 and 2022 elections. However, it is clear that these issues will significantly affect future polls. Candidates with greater financial and technological resources are likely to benefit disproportionately. This will widen the gap between the powerful and the under-resourced.

In the recent 2024 and 2025 elections in countries like India, the US, Germany and across South Asia, AI-generated false content was widely circulated to influence voters. While high levels of digital literacy in some of these democracies may have mitigated the impact, countries like Nepal, with lower digital literacy, remain highly vulnerable to such tactics. Additionally, Nepal faces the risk of Foreign Information Manipulation and Interference (FIMI), as observed in recent elections in India, the US and Taiwan, due to its geopolitical factors and the preference of big powers over one party over other to advance their strategic interests. Some signs of FIMI were observed during the debate over the Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) between 2019 and 2022. However, this remains to be independently verified.

Due to low digital literacy, many in Nepal are unable to recognize AI-generated fake content which shapes public opinion and even influences top politicians. For instance, senior leader Bam Dev Gautam once called on Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli to resign based on a fake video. In such a context, AI is more likely to exacerbate democratic vulnerabilities unless strong regulation is put in place. 

Deliberations are underway across the world about AI governance and regulation. While the European Union, Germany and the United Kingdom have made some progress, even their approaches are struggling to keep pace with the rapid evolution of AI. In 2024, the United Nations emphasized the need for a global AI regulatory body. A UN report noted that if AI-related risks grow more severe and concentrated, the world may need a stronger international institution with monitoring, enforcement and accountability powers.

Nepal is still in the early stages of AI governance. Even though AI adoption in sectors like health, education and governance is increasing, the unchecked use of AI for spreading misinformation has been a concerning issue for the country. Although the government has drafted the National Artificial Intelligence Policy, 2025, public awareness has remained low. Feedback from stakeholders has also been mixed. The policy envisions establishing a National AI Council, AI Regulatory Body and an AI Excellence Center.  However, there has been delay in preparing legal and institutional frameworks to set up these institutions. Moreover, the draft policy misses some crucial aspects of AI regulation.

Globally, companies like Microsoft, Amazon and Google dominate the market for cloud computing resources used to train and deploy AI models. In Nepal, AI systems are likely to be controlled either by government agencies or by corporate entities close to power. In this context, time has come to discuss the idea of publicly-owned AI, developed and managed for the collective good. We must also begin discussions on creating a democratic, robust and transparent institution to govern AI in the national interest.

To make this a reality, the government must invest in AI capacity-building, including training human resources capable of leading AI governance. To reduce the harms and maximize the benefits of AI in democratic systems, state institutions must act now. In particular, the Election Commission should develop specific policies and infrastructure to safeguard upcoming elections from AI-enabled threats and malign actors seeking to erode democracy.

Annapurna Media Network on Saturday organized an 'EV Rally' to raise awareness about climate change and reducing air pollution.

Deputy Prime Minister and Finance Minister Bishnu Paudel inaugurated the fourth edition of the AMN 'EV Rally' organized at Bhrikutimandap in Kathmandu today.

The rally, which started from Bhrikutimandap passed through Bhadrakali, Tripureshwor, Teku, Kalimati, Soltimod, Kalanki, Balkhu, Dhobighat, Ekantakuna, Jawalakhel, Kupandol and Tripureshwor before converging into a gathering at Bhrikutimandap.

Black Ivory Coffee is a rare and luxurious coffee produced in Thailand using a unique process. Arabica beans are consumed by elephants, passing through their digestive system, where fermentation occurs. The beans are then collected from the elephants’ dung, cleaned, and roasted. This process imparts a distinctive, smooth, and rich flavor with notes of chocolate, malt, and a hint of grassiness. Only a small amount is produced annually, making it one of the most expensive coffees in the world. For example, black ivory coffee is often found in high-end hotels and resorts. Black Ivory Coffee offers health benefits similar to those of other high-quality coffees, including a rich antioxidant content, improved mental alertness, enhanced digestion, and potential mood enhancement. Regular consumption may reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, and type 2 diabetes. Moderation is key to avoiding potential side effects.

The process begins with high-quality Arabica beans grown in the hills of northern Thailand, typically at an altitude of around 1,500 meters. These beans are handpicked and then fed to elephants, which are cared for by the Golden Triangle Asian Elephant Foundation. The elephants consume the coffee cherries, which undergo a transformation in their digestive system. Inside the elephants’ stomachs, the beans are subjected to a natural fermentation process. The digestive enzymes break down the protein in the coffee beans, which is a key factor in reducing their bitterness.

This fermentation process also imparts a unique flavor profile to the beans. After 12 to 72 hours, the beans are excreted by the elephants. They are then collected, cleaned thoroughly, and sun-dried. The result of this process is a coffee with a distinct taste. Black Ivory Coffee is often described as having a rich, smooth flavor with notes of chocolate, malt, and a hint of spice. The fermentation process also gives it a slight earthiness and a unique aroma that is unlike any other coffee.

In Nepal, the integration of black ivory coffee production leverages the country’s diverse ecosystems, traditional farming practices, and fostering. Farmers often use agroforestry systems, intercropping coffee with shade trees, which enhances carbon sequestration and preserves habitats for native flora and fauna. Additionally, the emphasis on organic farming techniques reduces the reliance on chemical fertilizers and pesticides, mitigating soil and water pollution. The coffee industry in Nepal also benefits from the economic upliftment of local communities, as high market prices for black ivory coffee incentivize sustainable farming and conservation efforts.

Moreover, the symbiotic relationship between farmers and elephants fosters wildlife conservation, as communities gain an economic stake in protecting these animals. Finally, the production of Black Ivory Coffee in Nepal represents a bright model of ecological fitness, blending sustainable agricultural practices with economic and environmental benefits, though continuous monitoring and adaptive management are essential to address emerging challenges and ensure long-term sustainability.

The possibility of producing black ivory coffee in Nepal holds significant promise due to the country’s favorable agricultural conditions and existing expertise in coffee cultivation. Nepal’s diverse climate and fertile soil are conducive to growing high-quality coffee beans, which are essential for producing premium coffee. The mountainous terrain, combined with traditional farming practices, allows for organic and sustainable coffee farming.

Additionally, Nepal has a rich tradition of elephant conservation, particularly in regions like Chitwan, making it feasible to integrate elephants into the coffee production process. The synergy between coffee cultivation and elephant conservation can create a unique and ethically appealing product, similar to the model used in Thailand.

Black Ivory Coffee, known for its unique production process and premium pricing, could play a transformative role in the national development of Nepal by driving economic growth and promoting sustainable tourism. Given Nepal’s rich biodiversity and existing agricultural practices, the introduction of black ivory coffee could significantly boost the local economy. The high value of this coffee would provide substantial income for farmers, helping to alleviate poverty in rural areas.

Additionally, the involvement of elephants in the coffee production process aligns well with Nepal’s focus on wildlife conservation and eco-friendly agricultural methods. This synergy between agriculture and conservation can foster sustainable development, ensuring that economic gains do not come at the expense of the environment. The premium nature of black ivory coffee would also position Nepal as a producer of luxury goods, diversifying its agricultural exports and reducing dependency on traditional crops like rice and tea.

Moreover, the unique narrative of black ivory coffee production is likely to attract tourists, enhancing Nepal’s tourism sector. Agro-tourism, where visitors engage with the coffee production process and learn about elephant conservation, can provide an immersive experience that blends luxury with ethical considerations. This can lead to increased tourist footfall, generate revenue for local communities and create employment opportunities. The integration of tourism with agriculture and conservation efforts can lead to holistic rural development, improving infrastructure and services in these areas.

Furthermore, the global recognition of black ivory coffee can elevate Nepal’s brand on the international stage, showcasing its capacity for innovation and high-quality production. This can attract more foreign investment and open up new markets for other Nepali products, contributing to a more resilient and diversified economy. In essence, black ivory coffee can serve as a catalyst for economic, social, and environmental progress in Nepal.