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Nepal’s strategic location between two major powers, India and China, makes it a crucial player in the geopolitical dynamics of the region and beyond. The country’s location between the two rising, competing and conflicting powers of Asia (China and India) makes it important for Western powers to strike a strategic balancing act in the region. In this situation, Nepal’s strategic location between two of the emerging countries of Asia makes it imperative for the US to launch a regional maneuver. 

In addition, the US and India maintain strategic relationships in the Asia-Pacific region and Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (QUAD). Global power is shifting toward the Asia-Pacific region with strategic bipolarity between the US and China creating several implications for the global order. These developments indicate that the US-led ‘unipolar world’ may not last last long, making way for a multipolar world with China as one of the power centers. 
In recent years, increased cooperation between India and the US through Washington, DC-led projects like the Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) is being seen as a counter to China’s BRI in Nepal. China’s debt-based approach to BRI raises concern about the impact of it on the stability and sovereignty of recipient nations, including Nepal. At the same time, MCC has made significant progress within a short span of time, particularly in Nepal’s energy sector, whereas none of the Chinese projects that Nepal signed under BRI in 2017 have materialized/progressed. 

The US believes China’s BRI project is not just an economic initiative but also a geopolitical one and is part of China’s border strategy to expand as well as deepen its global influence. It believes that one of the primary goals of BRI is to export Chinese development and influence, particularly in the developing world. The US-China bipolar strategic rivalry shows that both powers are in a race to influence each other’s ‘regions’. In this situation, the US strategic entry into Nepal and intense rivalry between BRI and MCC projects are reflective of these two countries’ growing competition in world politics.

China views a growing American role in Nepal’s development in recent years as a threat to its presence in the region. Historically, Nepal’s strategic location has shaped Beijing’s delicate balancing act. 

On its part, Nepal presents a range of opportunities for both India and the US, including ensuring stability and security, facilitating economic growth and promoting democratic values. Both countries have also collaborated on advancing Nepal’s legal system, protecting human rights, promoting gender equality and countering Chinese misinformation. Thus, strategic cooperation between India and the US has fostered sufficient trust to see no significant opposition from India regarding the US-led diplomatic efforts in Nepal. All in all, shared interests of India and the US in Nepal provide a strong foundation for cooperation and coordination between the parties involved. 

China has come up with three new initiatives—Global Security Initiative (GSI), Global Development Initiative (GDI) and Global Civilizational Initiative (GCI), which, per Chinese officials, fall under the BRI umbrella. These initiatives, according to the officials, aim to eliminate the root cause of international conflicts, encourage joint international efforts to bring more stability, improve global security governance and promote durable peace and development in the world. But Nepal has reportedly conveyed its unwillingness to join GSI due to risks of data security, unequal distribution of benefits, looming economic dependence, transparency and debt risks. China’s BRI was also seen optimistically initially, but there has been no progress in the past five years even after signing of an MoU with the strategic community seeing a risky amount of debt and a way for Beijing to use its debt leverage to pursue ambitious strategic plans in Nepal. Though 35 projects were originally identified under BRI, Nepal later brought them down to nine. Still, no government in Nepal has committed to moving ahead with these projects due to “concerns over unclear financial terms of Chinese loans”. 

According to diplomats, the Nepal-US relationship is entering a new phase. The US has three distinct interests in Nepal: Political, economic and strategic/military. In terms of strategy, Nepal’s geopolitical location as a gateway for emerging global powers India and China has shaped US interest in Nepal. Different aid programs and a series of high-level visits in recent years are a clear-enough indication of increasing American engagement in Nepal.
Given this context, Nepal must pragmatically balance competing objectives of India, China and the US to advance national interest and priorities. But our governments have largely failed to take timely decisions and initiatives for national development as well as economic upliftment.

The US’ shifting policy toward Nepal is understood as part of the current global power transition. In Nepal, the US-China rivalry has become more visible over the last few years, presenting a great challenge of taking both MCC and BRI together, and balancing the interest of prevailing superpower and emerging superpowers.

Views are personal

Russian citizens residing or visiting Nepal will have the opportunity to vote in the upcoming Russian presidential election, scheduled from March 15 to 17. The Russian Embassy in Nepal has confirmed that polling stations will be set up in Pokhara and Kathmandu to facilitate voting.

Alexander Ivasev, the representative of the Russian Embassy overseeing the polling stations in Pokhara and Kathmandu, assured that the voting process would be accessible for Russian citizens in Nepal.

Polling will take place in Pokhara on March 15 and in Kathmandu on March 17, accommodating both residents and tourists. This arrangement aims to ensure that Russian nationals, including approximately 200 permanent residents in Nepal, can participate in the election. The polling station in Pokhara will be located at Hotel Barahi, while the one in Kathmandu will be at the embassy.

Voting hours in Pokhara will be from 8 am to 12 pm, and voters must present their passports to cast their votes.

The election features four candidates, including the incumbent president, Vladimir Putin, who is running as an independent candidate for a fifth term. Other candidates include Vladislav Davankot of the New People’s Party, Leonid Slutsky of the Nationalist Liberal Democratic Party, and Nikolai Kharitolov of the Communist Party.

The only negative connotation you can find in the Nepali language about potatoes is, “s/he eats aalu (potato) in the final exam”. As the shape of a potato resembles zero, it’s popularly termed as ‘potato grade’ in our society. Aside from this, the potato holds an all-time favorite status in Nepali society, as implied by the phrase “s/he is just like a potato,” meaning one can fit anywhere, just like a potato goes well with any vegetable.

While browsing the online version of Annapurna Post, I suddenly noticed a detailed story about ‘Tharu aalu’ from Tikapur in Kailali. I had never heard of a potato species named after the Tharu indigenous community. So, I read through the entire story. According to the report, this species of potato is exclusively cultivated by the Tharu community and is considered indigenous.

Potatoes entered Nepal 176 years ago, introduced by British naturalist Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker in Taplejung during an ecological expedition in eastern Nepal from October to December of 1848. Sir Hooker was accompanied by Brian H. Hodgson, a naturalist and ethnologist who later became a British resident in Kathmandu. Potatoes then spread across Nepal and became a national favorite.

The per capita consumption of potatoes in Nepal is 75 kg, which is one of the highest in Asia, with almost 90 percent of potatoes consumed by Nepalis being cultivated in Nepal, while only 10 to 12 percent is imported.

Potatoes, scientifically known as Solanum tuberosum, are believed to have originated in the Andes Mountains of South America, particularly in present-day Peru and Bolivia. These early potatoes were smaller and had a wide range of shapes and colors, quite different from the standardized varieties we know today.

Potatoes quickly adapted to the diverse agro-climatic conditions of Nepal, making them a vital crop across different regions of the country. Their adaptability and ease of cultivation made them especially appealing to Nepali farmers.

Potatoes became more than just a crop; they were a solution to food security issues. In a nation with a complex geography, ranging from the lowlands of the Tarai to the towering Himalayas, having a reliable source of sustenance was crucial. Potatoes provided this reliability, as they could be grown at various altitudes and in different soil conditions.

Potatoes have left an indelible mark on Nepali cuisine, being a key ingredient in a variety of dishes, including aalu chop, aalu ko achar (potato salad), and often served with sel roti and puri. The adaptability of potatoes allows them to be incorporated into both vegetarian and non-vegetarian dishes, making them an essential part of Nepali gastronomy.

The aalu dum is a ubiquitous dish that features potatoes simmered in a flavorful tomato-based gravy. Variations abound, with some adding peas or cauliflower. It’s a staple enjoyed year-round.

Aalu sadheko is a spicy potato salad that is popular in Kathmandu Valley. It’s a delightful twist on the classic potato salad. Boiled potatoes are tossed with a tangy dressing of chilies, ginger, garlic, and herbs. Perfect for any occasion.

Mustang aalu, on the other hand, is a deep-fried and fiery delicacy. This crispy potato snack is a specialty of the Mustang region. Packed with red chilies, timur pepper (or substitutes), and other spices, it’s a guaranteed crowd-pleaser. It’s best enjoyed during colder months.

Baglung, Gulmi, and Palpa regions offer chukainu, a refreshing yogurt-based potato curried salad. Chopped potatoes are combined with vegetables, herbs, and a creamy yogurt dressing, making it a light and healthy option. Tempering with fenugreek seeds is very important.

Sherpa communities in the high Himalayas have their own potato delicacy – rildok. Mashed potatoes are mixed with nettles or other wild greens, offering a unique taste and essential nutrients during the harsh winters.

Malekhu is popular for its aalu chop. This dish features deep-fried potato wedges tossed in a spicy and tangy sauce. While its exact origin is unclear, it’s a popular street food enjoyed across Nepal.

Thicheko aalu, that’s a local delicacy in Pokhara, literally translates to ‘pressed potatoes.’ This dish involves flattening boiled potatoes and pan-frying them until crispy. It’s a simple yet flavorful snack.

Originating from the Madhesh and popular nationwide, aalu bhujuri is a simple and delicious item made from potatoes. Just thinly slice the potatoes and fry them in hot oil with seed spices like cumin or fennel. Cook until brown. Add salt, grated garlic, chili, and turmeric, and cook for a while.

This is just a taste of the many potato dishes that grace Nepali tables. Each region and community has its take on this versatile ingredient, reflecting the rich heritage of Nepali cuisine. So, next time you’re looking for a potato dish with a twist, consider exploring the culinary delights of Nepal.

The author is a UK-based R&D chef

Gender inequality has been a pervasive issue across the world for centuries, and Nepal is no exception. While significant strides have been made in recent years to empower women in the professional world, there remains a glaring disconnect between advocating for gender equality in public spaces and the reality of gender roles within home. Nepal, like many other societies, faces a paradox where women who advocate for gender equality at work often find themselves subjected to traditional gender roles at home. This dichotomy not only undermines their efforts but also perpetuates the cycle of gender inequality. Women continue to face societal pressures to conform to traditional gender norms, despite their achievements in various professional spheres. It is high time we align our actions with our words and truly address gender inequality at its core.

In recent years, Nepal has witnessed an encouraging shift toward gender equality in professional environments. Female participation in panels and conferences has increased, enabling diverse perspectives that were once underrepresented. The appointment of female leaders in organizations has increased, marking progress toward breaking the glass ceiling and providing women with opportunities to lead and thrive in previously male-dominated sectors. Furthermore, the rise of gender specialists and activists has led to more discussions around gender dynamics in the workplace, raising awareness of the issues women face and creating spaces to dismantle patriarchal systems. This has led to a more inclusive environment where women can voice their concerns and aspirations freely.

The importance of fostering gender equality at home cannot be overstated. Charity begins at home, so does gender equality. If women themselves are not treated equally within their families, it sends mixed signals and perpetuates a culture where equality is merely a façade. The burden of managing both a successful career and fulfilling traditional roles can be overwhelming for women, and it hinders their ability to fully participate in public life.

Though social norms may be evolving, many married women, even those who have achieved success in their careers find themselves facing societal expectations to be the ‘ideal wife,’ ‘obedient daughter-in-law,’ and ‘dutiful mother.’ Being unmarried by choice is also a challenge for women who become the focus of gossip and sexual harassment. These ingrained expectations place a heavy burden on women, potentially stifling their personal growth and perpetuating the cycle of gender inequality. But men too face pressure to marry and though they enjoy more freedom the pressure of being the breadwinner can also stifle their personal ambitions.

Many women who feel empowered and confident, advocating for themselves and fellow women, face a reality where traditional gender norms dominate their domestic life when they return home. This dissonance between their professional and personal lives reflects the underlying issue we need to address: Gender equality must be an all-encompassing ideology rather than just a professional front.

It is time to bridge the gap between advocating for gender equality in public and private spheres. Encouraging female participation in the professional world is just the beginning. To truly practice what we preach, we need to address the root causes of gender inequality, which are often deeply embedded in cultural norms and beliefs.#

To challenge traditional gender roles, education and awareness are vital. How can girls develop confidence in schools or boys change their behavior, when patriarchal and stereotypical messages continue to be disseminated?  By definition, patriarchy is a system where powerful older men control women as well as younger men (sons, brothers, men from lower castes). Overcoming these challenges involves not only revising textbooks to eliminate gender biases but also implementing comprehensive awareness programs that promote gender equality in schools. By incorporating inclusive education strategies and instilling a sense of empowerment, schools can play a pivotal role in nurturing the self-confidence of girls and help boys develop a different masculinity, paving the way for a more egalitarian and empowered generation.

Breaking away from traditional gender roles starts within the family. Parents should encourage their children, regardless of gender, to pursue their passions and interests. It is challenging for girls to pursue their dreams, when they are subjected to humiliating practices like chaupadi, which is prevalent in Western Nepal, but also practiced in milder forms in urban middle class in Kathmandu.

Both men and women should be encouraged to take equal responsibility for domestic duties and childcare. This division of household chores based on availability rather than gender is a progressive step toward achieving true gender equality at home. Why do girls help their mothers in household chores when boys play sports in the street? Why do women prepare breakfast in the morning, while men indulge in fitness and sports at the same time? When men share the responsibilities of running a household, women can focus on their professional aspirations without compromising their personal lives. This not only empowers women, sets an example for the next generation, but also helps fathers and husbands to challenge ingrained gender norms. Gender equality is not just a women’s issue. Men must be active allies in the fight for equality. By challenging toxic masculinity and supporting gender equality initiatives, men can help reshape societal norms and create a more inclusive environment for everyone.

Nepal has made commendable progress in promoting gender equality in the professional world, with more women breaking barriers and assuming leadership roles. Despite positive changes in professional settings, it is essential to acknowledge that progress remains incomplete if women's identity in the household continues to be limited by constraining gender norms. However, for true gender equality to be achieved, we must challenge the traditional gender roles that persist within our own homes. By educating and empowering both men and women to break free from restrictive norms, we can ensure that our actions align with our words and build a more equitable and inclusive society for all. It is only when women and men experience gender equality within their homes that the fight for gender equality in the professional world gains true momentum. Only when we practice what we preach, both in public and private spheres, will we achieve the lasting change we aspire to see in the world. This consistency in practice is necessary to break free from the cycle of inequality and foster a society where everyone is empowered to achieve their full potential, irrespective of their gender.