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To those of us living here, Kathmandu can feel a bit mundane, especially when the sun doesn’t shine and there seems to be so much dust in the air. Which is why we at ApEx were surprised when a friend returned from India, having cut her visit short by two weeks, claiming she’d rather spend that time in Nepal. She kept raving about ‘beautiful Kathmandu’ and how she’s never been bored here. Some of the things she mentioned were such simple things that we were stunned to have overlooked them or perhaps even taken them for granted. So, we asked random strangers what they liked to do in the city and compiled a list of five of the most common answers. Here are some foreigner-backed suggestions on how to have some fun in Kathmandu even on days when you feel like there’s nothing to do.

Go pub crawling in the city

Kathmandu is home to some of the world’s best pubs and bars. We aren’t the ones making this claim but tourists we spoke to in the city swear that Kathmandu has the nicest watering holes and restaurants. They are all kinds of places too. If you want a quiet one to nurse a beer, you’ll find plenty of cozy ones to choose from. If loud music is your jam, then you will be spoilt for choice. There’s even a separate scene for cocktails if that is more your thing. Bars like Bitters and Co. in Lazimpat and Barc in Tripureshwor serve unique cocktails that you haven’t tasted anywhere. The good thing is that most of these places aren’t very pricey either. They are good value for money. But if you are on a tight budget, then Kathmandu caters to that too. There are many places in Thamel that have amazing happy hour deals throughout the week where you can buy one get one or even get discounts on bulk orders. Most bars and pubs have a nice selection of food too. So grab your friends and indulge in a delightful Margarita or a crowd-favorite titaura cocktail this weekend.

Shop for trinkets in New Road

New Road has always been a place Kathmandu residents head to for shopping, and for all kinds of shopping too. From dry fruits and spices to fabrics and shoes, you will find everything you need at New Road. No wonder it’s so crowded during the festivities and on holidays. Despite markets cropping up in all parts of town, people still like to go to New Road to get what they need. Things just feel better and cheaper there. And in recent times, New Road has gotten a makeover, thanks to the brilliant mayor Balen Shah who is determined to turn the city into the picturesque place it was always meant to be. With roadside parking off limits, the place looks wider and cleaner. Shopping is also a better experience as you don’t keep dashing into people every two minutes. Take this as a perfect opportunity to shop for things like accessories, belts, bags, and clothes among other things at the ever growing market. Don’t stick to the main streets and explore the hidden alleys as well—there are lots of shops selling curios and various other things for super affordable prices. You can get bags for as little as Rs 500 and earrings for Rs 100.

Get a relaxing massage 

If this rising pollution has you concerned and you don’t want to spend a lot of time outdoors but still don’t want to be holed up at home, we recommend you spend a day at the spa. Could there be a better way to pamper yourself and feel relaxed and rejuvenated than a spa session that includes a full body massage, a head oil, and perhaps a sauna session too? A German couple we bumped into in Kathmandu confessed that they have been getting massages every week since they have been in Kathmandu three weeks ago. They made it a point to never visit the same establishment twice as there are just so many places to choose from, they said. So far, every place they have gone to has been good and they haven’t had a bad experience. The cost is more or less the same with some popular ones charging slightly more for the services. Many spas even offer full day packages that don’t cost an arm and a leg. Ayurvedic treatments like Shirodhara and Abhyanga are also available these days and these can be therapeutic and relaxing.

Discover public spaces

One of the joys of living in Kathmandu is discovering public spaces that feel like mini excursions in themselves. Basantapur is a popular hangout for locals and tourists alike and, on any given day, you will find many people just lazing around, sipping tea or iced coffee, while strolling through the market or sitting on one of the many benches or temple steps. But apart from Basantapur, there are many other places in Kathmandu, including but not limited to temples and religious sites, that can serve as places of interest—where you can simply sit by yourself, meditate, or read a book if you are so inclined. These days, many communities have taken it upon themselves to create little parks of sorts in their area where people can hang out and spend some time outdoors. Watching people go about their days and do their own thing can be incredibly relaxing and rewarding. One of the most recommended things was a stroll in your area or some place new to discover hidden gems and alleys.

Enroll in a class to learn something new

Want to learn to make tiramisu or bake bread? Or maybe you want to sharpen your dancing skills?  Enroll in a random class to add some cheer to your days and pick up a skill along the way. There are just so many random classes and workshops being held in Kathmandu these days that you are sure to find one to suit your taste and mood. Dance classes seem to be really popular these days with many institutes offering drop-in classes for all forms of dance like hip-hop, classical, contemporary etc. Macrame training or jewelry making training are also offered by small businesses that want to expand beyond just selling their products and these can be neat things to learn if you are into art and crafts. Many shops that sell Thangka and other paintings in Thamel also take in students who are eager to learn how to paint for a nominal fee. All in all, if you want to learn something new, rest assured that there’s someone willing to teach it to you and you won’t have to put in regular hours either.

Cooperatives are no longer permitted to lend or collect savings indiscriminately. With the approval of the Directives and Standards for Cooperatives Engaging in Savings and Loan Transactions, 2081, the Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) has imposed strict limits on loan issuance and savings mobilization.

Although cooperative representatives had protested against such restrictions, the NRB introduced the new directives on Friday as a regulatory response to widespread misuse of cooperative funds, which had caused market distortions and harmed the public. The standards were approved by the central board of directives.

Under the new provisions, cooperatives can only collect savings from their members. According to the guidelines, savings collection is capped at 15 times the organization’s primary capital fund.

“The organization can borrow up to five percent of its total assets from banks, financial institutions, or cooperative banks. However, such borrowing cannot exceed 100 percent of the capital fund,” the directive states. “Cooperatives that invest 51 percent or more in collective guarantees may borrow up to 20 percent of their total assets or up to 10 times their capital fund.”

The maximum operational limits are set as follows: Rs 1m for cooperatives operating in one district, Rs 25m for those operating in more than one district, and Rs 50m for those covering more than one province.

Cooperatives can operate ordinary, regular, and periodic savings accounts for up to three years. However, at least 25 percent of total savings must be maintained as regular savings. The procedures for savings mobilization must be approved by the cooperative’s general assembly.

Deposits exceeding Rs 1m must be accompanied by disclosure of the source of funds. For monitoring financial resource limits, data from the previous quarter regarding primary capital, total capital, and assets will be used as the basis.

The organization cannot issue loans to members who have held membership for less than three months. Furthermore, it can lend up to a maximum of 15 percent of the primary capital fund per member, provided the member has been saving regularly. Loans without collateral must be backed by guarantees from at least two members and cannot exceed the borrower’s total savings. Directors may only borrow against the security of their own savings and are not allowed to take any additional loans.

Cooperatives are allowed to invest in shares of licensed cooperative banks, small farmers’ microfinance institutions, and government-issued bonds. However, they are prohibited from investing in shares or debentures of other institutions.

These regulations do not restrict the payment of membership fees to umbrella associations as permitted under the Cooperative Act 2017. Cooperatives may purchase or construct office buildings through a competitive and transparent process, provided they have been operating at a net profit for the past three consecutive years, have no accumulated losses, and maintain the minimum capital fund. Such investments must not exceed 25 percent of the primary capital or 50 percent of the reserve fund.

If property is acquired in violation of these conditions, the equivalent amount must be deducted from the primary capital fund during calculations. Property transactions require approval from at least 51 percent of the general assembly and must be reported to the regulatory body within 30 days.

Except for specialized cooperatives, organizations engaged in large-scale transactions are required to allocate at least 50 percent of their total loans to productive sectors such as agriculture, industry, and business development. Cooperatives that fall outside this threshold must comply by July 2026. In such cases, they may offer a grace period for repayment of interest or installments.

If a cooperative secures a loan from a bank or cooperative bank by pledging a member’s property, that member is prohibited from taking an additional loan exceeding the original amount borrowed. However, this does not apply to directors who pledge their personal property for institutional purposes.

Cooperatives may lend up to 90 percent of a member’s savings as a secured loan. For loans backed by immovable property, the loan-to-value (LTV) ratio is capped at 60 percent for properties in sub-metropolitan areas and 70 percent for properties in municipalities or rural municipalities.

Loans are to be categorized based on the repayment status of interest and installments. Loans repaid on time or within three months of maturity are considered good loans. Loans overdue by three to six months are non-performing, those overdue by six to 12 months are doubtful, and loans overdue by more than 12 months are classified as bad loans.

Europe is emerging as a promising destination for Nepali migrant workers, with countries like Romania, Croatia, Malta, Cyprus and Portugal becoming popular choices for employment. This shift marks a notable change in Nepal’s labor migration trend, which for decades was dominated by destinations in the Gulf and Malaysia.

According to data from the Department of Foreign Employment (DoFE), the number of Nepalis leaving for employment in European nations surged by 46 percent during the first eight months of the current fiscal year 2024/25. A total of 34,366 individuals obtained labor permits to work in Europe during this period, compared to 23,510 in the same period of the previous fiscal year.

This figure includes only those who obtained formal labor approvals. Recruitment agencies say that the actual number could be significantly higher, as many Nepalis travel to Europe on visit visas and then secure jobs informally. These cases are harder to track but are increasingly common.

One of the main reasons behind this shift is the appeal of better salaries, safer and more worker-friendly labor laws, and milder climates compared to traditional labor destinations in the Middle East. European jobs are often seen as more dignified in Nepal, with structured working conditions and legal protections that are often lacking in Gulf countries.

Romania has emerged as the most popular European destination for Nepali workers. The number of Nepalis receiving labor approvals for Romania jumped by an impressive 136.34 percent, reaching 17,830 in just eight months. As a developing country with a high-income economy, Romania has growing demand for labor in sectors like agriculture, where many Nepalis are employed.

Significant growth was also observed in the number of workers heading to Portugal, Croatia, and Cyprus. However, the number of Nepali workers leaving for Malta fell by nearly a half during the same period.

According to recruitment companies, the flow of Nepali workers to Europe has grown steadily over the past three years, with around 11 percent of all Nepali migrant workers now heading to European countries.

In recent years, countries like the UK and Germany have shown increasing interest in hiring Nepali workers. The UK has already begun recruiting nurses from Nepal, and Germany has signed a labor memorandum of understanding to bring in both skilled and unskilled labor. However, language requirements—particularly the need to learn German—have slowed the pace of labor migration to Germany for now.

Deeply ingrained historical, cultural, and geographical links define the civilizational relationship between India and Nepal. Formally expressed via the 1950 Treaty of Peace and Friendship, this bilateral engagement has provided an unmatched degree of permeability between two sovereign governments, enabling the free flow of people and products across an open border spanning 1,770 kilometres. Notwithstanding these apparently tight connections, the relationship has been characterized by occasional conflict, mutual misunderstanding, and diplomatic congestion. Although physical closeness and cultural familiarity should ideally promote smooth collaboration, in practice, India-Nepal ties are nevertheless delicate and vulnerable to both internal political changes and regional forces. This article aims to investigate alternative answers based on existing frameworks and empirical observations as well as to grasp the structural and dependent elements causing these obstructions.

The territorial dispute over Kalapani, Limpiyadhura, and Lipulekh is among the most delicate and persistent causes of disagreements. When India published an updated political map including the disputed areas in 2019, this problem became much more severe. Nepal responded with its map and a constitutional change, thereby supporting its assertions. In Nepal, this move stoked nationalistic fervor and turned into a gathering place for claiming historical identity and sovereignty. It shows how closely conflicts over territory—especially in post-colonial states—are related to issues of nationhood and historical recognition rather than just legal or administrative ones.

This escalation also emphasizes the more significant trend in nationalist politics affecting bilateral ties. Domestically, political players in both India and Nepal have been turning more and more to foreign policy issues to inspire popular support. In Nepal, criticism of India often finds prosperous footing in nationalist narratives that show India as an obstructive force. Although these stories are not necessarily based on reality, their resonance comes from past grievances and the more extensive background of imbalance. In India, however, there is a tendency in strategic circles to see Nepal’s actions as either reactive or shaped by outside players. When free from diplomatic communication, such opinions may harden policy stances and limit the area for compromise.

Another significant bottleneck in the relationship is Nepal’s evolving engagement with China. China has significantly expanded its presence in Nepal during the last ten years by means of diplomatic outreach, economic support, and infrastructural projects. Seeing a chance to diversify its economic alliances and lessen reliance on India, Nepal has accepted China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Nevertheless, it did not bore much fruit to Nepal. In New Delhi, where worries about Chinese intrusion in the Himalayan area have developed, this realignment has not gone unseen. From Kathmandu's vantage point, interacting with China is a hedging and strategic autonomy-boosting tactic. It aims to strike a balance between two big powers, thereby preventing too much reliance on one.

This captures the dynamics of small-state conduct in international relations, especially the idea of ‘soft balancing’, in which smaller governments try to increase their autonomy by including many partners without open conflict. Nepal’s China outreach also shows an effort to change its growth story, presenting itself not only as a dependent neighbour but also as a growing transit centre between India and China. This change for India calls for a review of its strategic posture. India would be better off improving its attractiveness with dependable infrastructure delivery, open project management, and culturally sensitive diplomacy with Kathmandu.

India has shown both technical know-how and readiness to co-develop responses in water resource cooperation. The great hydropower potential of Nepal offers the area transforming prospects. India has funded significant hydropower projects such as Arun III and Upper Karnali, therefore offering not just financial help but also grid connection and market access. Some cooperative ventures have delays that result not from a lack of purpose but rather from the complexities of transboundary water management. In renegotiating agreements, India has shown willingness and flexibility to guarantee that Nepali issues are resolved and profits are fairly distributed. 

The bilateral dynamic is powerfully shaped by ethnic politics as well, especially in connection to the Madhesi community in Nepal’s Tarai area. Historically excluded from Nepal’s political mainstream, the Madhesis have significant cultural and family links to those living in northern regions of India. Their demands for linguistic rights, federal reorganisation, and proportional representation have set off periodic outbreaks of internal strife. The complexity results from these internal issues permeating bilateral relations. While India views itself as supporting democratic values and minority rights, Nepal has seen India’s comments of support for Madhesi’s inclusion as an intervention in domestic affairs. This sensitive problem emphasises how foreign policy and home politics interact. After the civil war, state-building initiatives in Nepal have required a reconsideration of citizenship, identity, and representation. Cross-border ethnic connections can result in hopes of moral or diplomatic assistance in India. Handling these calls for great care. India needs to stress quiet diplomacy and people-to-person interaction in this case.

With these stacked difficulties, which paths may be followed for a more steady and cooperative relationship? First, bilateral communication has to be institutionalised right now. Although ad hoc conferences and high-level visits are valuable, they cannot replace organised systems of participation. Joint Commissions’ regular meetings, strategic conversations between foreign secretaries, and the rebirth of bilateral working groups on trade, water, and energy can help to provide continuity and lower misperceptions. Scholarly research on international regimes emphasises how crucial ongoing engagement is to building confidence and lowering diplomatic transaction costs.

Second, economic interconnection has to be extended and strengthened beyond conventional industries. In recent years, India has made admirable progress in building cross-border rail connections, starting a petroleum pipeline from Motihari to Amlekhgunj, and setting integrated checkpoints. Other areas like digital infrastructure, educational exchanges, and tourism should have these ideas expanded and duplicated. Economic cooperation should be considered as a vehicle for the empowerment of Nepal’s development aspirations as much as a tool for influence. Here, theories of complicated interdependence are informative, stressing the variety of channels and the role non-state players play in maintaining peaceful interactions.

Cooperation on water resources calls for a paradigmatic change. Pursues of joint development should centre on environmental sustainability, equality, and openness. Project agreements and bilateral treaties have to be negotiated inclusively with local populations and interested parties. Establishing dispute-resolution systems and cooperative environmental assessment agencies would also help to build confidence. Other areas, including the Mekong basin, where transboundary cooperation is controlled by multi-stakeholder systems balancing growth with sustainability, might provide lessons as well.

Ultimately, structural inequalities, changing geopolitical alignments, and deeply ingrained political sensitivity restrict India-Nepal relations, even if they have traditionally been close and profoundly nuanced. Though they are not insurmountable, the obstacles in the way of collaboration call for a change in institutional involvement, policy instruments, and attitude. Mutual respect, strategic empathy, and an awareness of Nepal’s sovereign goals will form the foundation of a forward-looking, sustainable cooperation. Through cooperative development, inclusive diplomacy, and long-term trust-building, India and Nepal can overcome regular difficulties and create a robust and future-oriented alliance.