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Ambassador of Pakistan to Nepal Abrar H Hashmi said Pakistan is committed for continued support to strengthen cooperation and understanding with Nepal.

At a reception hosted on the occasion of the 78th Independence Day of Pakistan featuring Vice President Ram Sahaya Prasad Yadav as the chief guest on Wednesday evening, Ambassador Hashmi said Pakistan would continue its support to Nepal.

"Our collaboration in education, defense, banking, health and other technical sectors is yielding good results. Over 7,000 strong alumni, including doctors, engineers, journalists, bankers, pilots, defense personnel and others were contributing to the progress and development of Nepal in their respective fields", he noted.

Both Pakistan and Nepal are vulnerable to climate change, he said, adding, "We share ecologically fragile Himalayas; glaciers are melting at a faster pace causing Glacial Lake Outburst Floods, and in the medium to long term, could lead to water and food shortages".

Ambassador Hashmi stressed that it was crucial to address these challenges for welfare of the communities and sustainable development of the region.

Pakistan is committed to establish peaceful and cordial relations with all the countries of the world, he said, adding, it contributes to global peace, through diplomatic efforts to UN peacekeeping.

"Nepal is a close friend of Pakistan. Since the establishment of diplomatic relations in 1960: mutual respect, trust, cordiality and understanding remained the hallmark", he added.

Pakistan and Nepal share a unique tapestry from geography to religious and civilizational linkages – from the peaks of Everest to K2, to rich Gandhara heritage and cultural similarities, the ambassador mentioned.

"As partners, we work together at regional and multilateral forums especially at UN and SAARC", he further highlighted.

Pakistan's approach to its partnership with Nepal is also underpinned by the desire to maturity benefit, he noted, adding the two countries have inked a number of agreements such as trade, air services, cultural, tourism and cooperation in agriculture and a number of bilateral mechanisms exist.

Also present on the occasion were Deputy Speaker Indira Rana, former Prime Minister Madhav Kuamr Nepal, former ministers, parliamentarians, diplomatic missions chiefs in Kathmandu, high-ranking government officials, entrepreneurs, journalists and distinguished people.

A documentary reflecting Pakistan's progress in social-economic, technological and defense sectors was also screened on the occasion.

Do you remember the comfort food your mother made when you were sick? For many in Nepal, that dish was ‘jaulo’, a simple yet soothing rice and lentil porridge that remains a staple in Nepali kitchens. It holds a special place in the hearts of most Nepalis, much like its variations do in other cultures—‘khichadi’ in India, British kedgeree, and Italian risotto.

For me, jaulo is more than just food. It’s a warm, comforting hug from my mother. Whenever she made jaulo, it was more than a meal; it was a gesture of love, a remedy for any ailment, mood, or weather. My mother always knew when jaulo was needed. Whether it was a chilly day, someone in the family was feeling under the weather, or she just couldn’t decide what to cook, jaulo was the go-to dish. It was a staple in our household, often served for breakfast, lunch, or even as a snack. Her cooking was simple, quick, and easy, yet it tasted like nectar to us.

The recipe for jaulo is remarkably straightforward—one part rice, three parts lentils, and six parts water, with just turmeric and salt for seasoning. However, the magic lay in the tempering, which varied based on what was available at home. My mother loved using mung daal, but she was flexible and used whatever lentils were on hand. Seasonal greens were often added, giving the dish a fresh twist.

The tempering was the soul of her jaulo. She always used garlic and whole red chilies, tempered in ghee, which gave the dish its distinctive aroma and flavor. Depending on the lentils, she would vary the spices, sometimes using mustard seeds, ajwain (carom seeds), fenugreek seeds, cumin, and occasionally asafoetida (hing), which was my favorite. On special occasions, she would add jimbu (Himalayan chives), making the dish absolutely delicious.

Once, when I missed her jaulo terribly, I called her for the recipe. Trying to recreate it from memory, I realized the key was in the details—how she balanced the spices, the exact timing of adding ingredients, and the love she poured into every pot. Jaulo is more than just a dish. It encapsulates the essence of home, a mother’s love, and the simplicity of comfort food that warms the heart and soul.

Each bite of jaulo is a nostalgic journey back to my childhood, bringing with it the warmth and security of my mother’s kitchen. Whenever I cook jaulo now, I’m transported back to those days when my mother’s cooking made everything better. Her jaulo was not just food—it was a symbol of her care and affection, a dish that could heal and bring joy no matter the circumstances.

Jaulo and its global cousins

Rice and lentil dishes have been a staple in many cultures worldwide for centuries. From the comforting Nepali jaulo to the British kedgeree and the Italian risotto, these dishes share a common base of rice and lentils or legumes, but each brings unique flavors and cultural significance. Here’s a look at some of these beloved dishes.

Nepali jaulo
Jaulo is a simple yet nutritious dish central to Nepali cuisine. Traditionally consumed during Maghe Sankranti, it’s believed to have cleansing properties and is often prepared with minimal ingredients. The basic recipe includes rice, lentils, water, turmeric, and salt, with optional additions like vegetables and spices.

Indian khichadi
Khichadi, often referred to as Khichdi or Khichari, is a staple across India, known for its simplicity and ease of digestion. This dish is particularly associated with comfort during illness or monsoons. It typically includes rice, moong dal (split yellow mung bean), and a variety of spices, sometimes with added vegetables.

British kedgeree
Kedgeree is a dish that evolved during the British colonial era in India, inspired by the traditional Indian khichari. It typically includes smoked fish, rice, and eggs, seasoned with curry powder and garnished with fresh parsley. Kedgeree combines the protein of fish and eggs with the carbohydrates of rice, providing a hearty and nutritious meal.

Italian risotto
While not traditionally made with lentils, risotto shares the same comforting and hearty nature as jaulo and khichadi. It’s made with arborio rice, known for its creamy texture, and often includes ingredients like mushrooms, seafood, or saffron. Risotto provides energy from carbohydrates and can be enriched with various proteins and vegetables, making it a versatile and nutritious dish.

Rice and lentil dishes like jaulo, khichadi, kedgeree, and risotto are cherished across different cultures for their simplicity, nutritional value, and comforting nature. Each dish reflects its unique cultural heritage while sharing a common foundation of rice and legumes or complementary ingredients. These dishes not only provide sustenance but also carry historical and emotional significance, connecting generations and regions through their enduring appeal.

As the world becomes more health-conscious, these humble dishes continue to hold their place on our tables, reminding us of the warmth and love that come with a home-cooked meal. Whether it’s the Nepali jaulo or its global cousins, each dish offers a comforting taste of home, wherever that may be.

The author is a UK-based R&D chef

With the increasing frequency of road accidents in Nepal, travel becomes particularly perilous after the monsoon season. The recent incident in Simatal, Chitwan, where two buses went missing, taking 62 lives, underscores the hazards. Nepal experiences frequent accidents throughout the year, with a significant spike during the monsoon season due to natural calamities, damaged roads, slippery surfaces, and reduced tire grip during rainy days.

“Infrastructure expert Ashish Gajurel notes that the monsoon season is a significant contributor to accidents, with half of the 30,000 annual accidents occurring during this period, resulting in 15,000 accidents. The Prithvi Highway and Kathmandu Highway are experiencing higher accident rates due to the heavy traffic.

Increasing awareness programs for both travelers and non-travelers is a crucial first step. Gajurel added, “Buses can fall from heights of 100-500 meters, leading to devastating accidents. We are urging the government to construct road safety barriers in high-risk areas.”

Despite the rising number of incidents, Nepal Police spokesperson DIG Dan Bahadur Karki commented, “Nepal experiences numerous accidents, including the recent Simatal incident, but it’s uncertain if more accidents occur during the monsoon season.” He added, “The Kathmandu-Narayanghat, Muglin-Pokhara, Kathmandu-Hetauda, and Karnali highways are particularly affected during this season.”

Nepal’s geographical challenges, damaged roads, aging infrastructure, and poor timing in road construction contribute to increased destruction and disruption in areas affected by calamities. Karki cautioned, “Bus travelers should be aware of weather and highway conditions, avoid night travel, and stay informed about post-accident road conditions.” Both drivers and passengers should be vigilant and gather information regularly to stay updated.

Spokesperson Karki said, “We are preparing safety precautions in areas where accidents frequently occur.” He recommended timely checks of buses, careful consideration of geographical features during road construction, regular inspection of mechanical systems, and ensuring that only drivers with recent bus maintenance passes are allowed to operate.

According to the data, Provinces with higher population density and more vehicle use, such as Kathmandu Valley and Koshi Province, reported the highest number of accidents, while less populated or less densely trafficked areas like Sudurpaschim Province had fewer incidents.

Data suggests that the highest numbers of deaths and severe injuries were reported in Madhes Province and Gandaki Province reported the lowest numbers in these categories. Overall, the data highlights a serious issue with road safety in various provinces, with a particular need for improved safety measures.

I used to focus on tech as a business, but I realized there is a higher calling. It is why I shifted to directing the Dharma Farm, an institution that seeks to preserve culture through education in linguistics, history, and environment. Nepal is blessed with an extraordinary array of cultures, cultures exquisitely worthy of saving. Yet, so many of its inhabitants want to leave.

Commonly referred to as “brain drain,” the concept denotes the departure of a society’s highest educated or most skillful members to other places in search of opportunity. For Nepal, it is a critical problem. In 2022, the government issued certificates allowing as many as 165,000 students to go abroad for education. That represented a rough doubling of the number the year before. Added to that were somewhere around 800,000 Nepalis people who left for employment. These numbers continue to rise year-on-year. According to The Kathmandu Post, “only a handful” of students return upon graduating from foreign universities.

This indicates a core part of the problem. Having spent a great deal of time in Nepal among students, a common theme emerged, one not exclusive to Nepali youth, but especially troublesome nonetheless. Many authors and policy analysts have proposed a number of strategies to mitigate the brain drain problem, most of which have merit and demand serious consideration and implementation. They have suggested ideas such as improving the education system, focusing on economic innovation, and promoting good governance. One resolution strategy, however, has received relatively scant attention. It is this point that I hear youth ignore more than any other, but it is the single most effective answer to the problem.  

In the American business world, we often employ the phrase “pass the buck.” The phrase connotes the shifting of blame for a problem or the responsibility to solve it. After hundreds, if not thousands, of conversations with Nepali youth, passing the buck is the tacit response for how to improve the situation in Nepal. For them, the issues that drive them from their homeland belong to someone else to solve. Heading overseas represents an easier solution to enhancing their own circumstances than tackling the underlying causes for why they leave in the first place.

To justify this reasoning, they will point to obstacles that appear beyond their individual ability to surmount. Indeed, systemic problems do exceed the capabilities of nearly all individuals to fix them. Ignoring them, however, does nothing to diminish any specific obstacle, let alone a system-wide deficiency. As the saying goes, “Rome wasn’t built in a day,” neither was it built by any one man or woman. So it goes for Nepal.

Over my career, I taught problem-solving strategies in a wide variety of fields. Firefighting, policing, technology, and translation all raise serious challenges that can be quite daunting at first glance. My method always began with reductionism. Any task, no matter its complexity, is eminently less burdensome if broken into its component parts. Whether the duty at hand involves solving a computational bug in a piece of software or battling a forest fire, compartmentalizing the obligations to fulfill, and then completing them one-by-one guarantees a far higher chance of success at resolving the overall dilemma than attempting to undertake the entire thing at once.

There is no question that turning Nepal into a bastion of opportunity will be hard. Leaving the litany of matters in need of attention to someone else is far easier than staying behind and working to address them. Facing the challenge will require numerous sacrifices and an abundance of energy and creativity. But, consider this. If the youth does not do it, who will? They cannot expect their parents, the government, or some nebulous “other” to manage things for them. Despite the good intentions any of them may have, they are simply unequipped to go it alone.

If the youth insist on leaving, then little will change. Nepalese remaining behind will continue to struggle to eke out a living in increasingly empty cities and villages. The beautiful plains of the Tarai and the majestic mountains of the Himalayas will lose the cultures that supplement their magnificence, opening the door for exploitation by outsiders who recognize only their materialistic value. Meanwhile, Nepali youth will move to new lands in pursuit of capitalistic opportunity. In the places in which they settle, however, they will never truly feel at home. At best, their cultural uniqueness will simply blend with countless others, diluting into an austere version of its once splendid self. At worst, it will serve as a constant reminder of its foreignness in this new land they now blandly call “home.” And all the while, the very home they left will slowly cease to exist as they knew it.

I am not writing these words to criticize anyone. Rather, I come from a country whose cultural landscape consists of a vast mix of them, but with little identity of its own. Having been immersed in both mine and Nepal’s, I am unafraid to state that allowing Nepal’s cultural liveliness to degrade into a mere shell of itself would be a tragedy of epic scale. Moreover, once such a catastrophic result is reached, there is no going back. Frittering away such a jewel out of fear of or indifference toward facing problems will summon a specter of regret that will haunt innumerable generations to come.

For the young folks reading this: what I have described is not the inevitable future of Nepal, if you do not want it to be. If that is indeed the case, then the brain drain needs to be plugged. The brilliance I have observed among so many of you needs to be turned inward, to focus on conquering challenges, one small step at a time. It won’t be easy. But your family, children, and country will forever thank you for it. The answers lie within.

Nepal was recognized by the International Olympics Committee in 1963 and made its Olympic debut at the 1964 Tokyo Olympics. The Olympics serve as a platform for Nepal to showcase its sporting talent on a global stage. However, in these six decades, Nepal’s performance has been subpar, with the country yet to win an Olympic medal, reflecting the challenges faced by its athletes.

In the ongoing Paris Olympics 2024, six out of the seven Nepali players have already exited without any medals. Badminton player Prince Dahal, table tennis player Santoo Shrestha, shooter Sushmita Nepal, judoka Manita Shrestha Pradhan, and swimmers Duwana Lama and Alexander Shah have all lost their matches and exited from the competition. Santoshi Shrestha remains in Paris to compete in the marathon, scheduled for Aug 11. Let’s hope she can achieve something for the country.

Though Nepali players didn’t show significant performance in the 2024 Olympics, swimmer Shah set a new national record in the men’s 100 meters freestyle. He improved his own record of 52.17 seconds by completing the distance in 51.91 seconds.

However, our poor performances throughout these decades are not due to the players but rather the stakeholders. 

Nepal lacks world-class training facilities, which hampers the preparation of athletes. Talent identification programs and scouting are essential to find and nurture young athletes. Both government and private sector support are crucial for the development of sports in Nepal but to no avail. Moreover, there is no situation in Nepal where players can sustain themselves by just playing sports. Unless these issues are addressed, there is no way our sporting situation on the world stage will improve.

A significant increase in investment in sports infrastructure and training programs is essential. Such investments will provide athletes with the necessary facilities and resources to hone their skills and compete at an international level. With proper support and development, including access to world-class coaching and competitive opportunities, Nepal can aspire not only to participate but to achieve its dream of winning an Olympic medal in the future.

Despite these challenges, Nepali players are doing everything on their own. Nepal has potential in sports like taekwondo, boxing and athletics, where there has been some success in the Asian Games and other regional competitions. Grassroots development programs can help identify and train young talent, ensuring a steady pipeline of athletes. 

CPN (Maoist Center) Deputy General Secretary Janardan Sharma has expressed the conviction that the originality and uniqueness of Nepal's peace process will be established globally.

Speaking after the three major political parties reached an agreement on the bill related to transitional justice today, he said an important agreement has been sealed today after 17 years, eight months and 11 days since the Comprehensive Peace Accord was signed.

Tasks like Constitution making and integration of the army have already been accomplished during this period.

"Justice to the conflict survivors, reparation and reconciliation were delayed. Today, an important agreement has been reached," he said.

The Maoist Center Deputy General Secretary said that they have been successful in facilitating agreement on the bill and fulfilling the responsibility assigned to Home Minister Lekhak, UML Chief Whip Mahesh Bartaula and himself, taking the advice, suggestion and with the cooperation of stakeholders and the experts, in the context of agreement on amendment to the TRC bill in line with the Supreme Court's order becoming elusive.  

He expressed the confidence that this will pave the way for promptly completing the remaining works of the peace process.

Deputy General Secretary Sharma has thanked all those who extended support in this connection by providing suggestions or by asking questions, and to the party Chair Pushpa Kamal Dahal for assigning the important responsibility.

The three major political parties forged an agreement on the bill related to transitional justice today.

Nepal is renowned for its diverse geography, spanning from the majestic Himalayas to the lush hills and the expansive Tarai region. Despite these natural wonders, Nepal is plagued by geographical challenges every year, leading to numerous crises that result in significant human and material losses. Disasters, whether they are natural or man-made, have become a recurrent occurrence in Nepal. From flooding and landslides to road accidents and earthquakes, these crises cause physical destruction that have lasting effects on people’s mental well-being. 

The term ‘disaster’ has become all too familiar to Nepalis. The aftermath of such events often leads to immeasurable, tangible and intangible losses. While the physical toll is readily apparent, the long-term mental health implications are frequently overlooked. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent mental health challenge that many individuals in Nepal grapple with following a crisis. As a counseling psychologist, I have witnessed numerous clients struggling with the repercussions of traumatic events. What initially presents as stress and irritability ultimately reveals deep-rooted trauma from past disasters. The enduring impact of these crises on mental health cannot be overstated.

Long after the physical signs of destruction have faded, individuals continue to battle the emotional and psychological scars. Despite the passage of time, the pain, stress, and disturbance persist, searing deep into their minds. It is imperative to acknowledge that seeking professional help is not a sign of weakness but a courageous effort to reclaim one's mental well-being. Engaging with a psychologist or counselor can provide the necessary support to navigate through the lingering effects of trauma. Not everyone has similar coping patterns; few people can cope with anything, whereas many can’t handle even a small amount of stress in daily life. Everyone is unique, and individual differences make society. One may be good in one way, and another is in the next way. Never think that we should be filled with everything in life. It wouldn’t be a good life if we had everything. Let’s make a culture of asking for help.

Recent tragic events, such as the plane crash and the bus accidents in the Trisuli River, have left an indelible mark on the Nepalese community. As we mourn the loss of lives, we must also recognize the profound impact on the mental health of the affected families and communities. In such trying times, the strength of our collective cultural practices becomes evident as individuals come together to offer support and solace. Amidst the grief and turmoil, fostering an environment where individuals feel empowered to seek help without fear of judgment is essential. In addition to creating a supportive environment for seeking help, a proactive approach to mental health education and awareness is pivotal in addressing the long-term impact of crises on mental well-being. By fostering a culture of openness and understanding from an early age, we can sow the seeds of empathy and resilience in the fabric of our society.

In the meantime, I want to request the government of Nepal to make an integrated approach to helping people who are in grief and who face disaster, man-made or natural. The collective effort of making people affected by the crisis is only a way toward healing. Otherwise, you may help them by providing first aid to physical health, but there is yet to solve their mental health issues, which may affect them in the long term. To avoid people from the long-term effects of crises and disasters, the government should focus on mental well-being and implement counseling practices if support is needed. 

Encouraging conversations, seeking support from friends, family, and mental health professionals, and embracing the power of collective compassion are pivotal steps in the journey towards healing and resilience. Together, we can strive to create a society where mental health concerns are met with empathy, understanding, and accessible support services. Let's stand united in addressing the long-term impact of crises on mental health and fostering a culture of healing and hope in Nepal.

Ever wondered why so many pedestrians in Kathmandu walk on the left side of the road, believing it’s the safest option? I did too, until I noticed the alarming frequency of pedestrians being hit from behind. This widespread misconception is not only quirky but also dangerous. In my survey of nearly 200 participants from Kathmandu Valley, 68.4 percent believed walking on the left side was correct. This belief is life-threatening. Pedestrians should walk on the right side, facing oncoming traffic, allowing them to see and react to approaching vehicles. Shockingly, only 31.6 percent of respondents knew this crucial safety practice. Understanding and adopting the correct walking practice is vital for reducing pedestrian accidents. By walking on the right side, pedestrians can anticipate and avoid potential hazards, making our streets safer for everyone. Since I’ve done the research for you, all you need to do is follow this advice and help spread the word.

Imagine driving through Kathmandu’s congested streets and signaling a right turn. You switch on your right-side indicator, but the vehicle behind you speeds up to overtake, nearly causing an accident. Yes, this happened to me! According to my survey, 31.6 percent of participants misunderstood the purpose of side lights, thinking they indicate permission to overtake rather than signaling a turn. This confusion is not just inconvenient; it’s a major safety hazard. Drivers need to understand that side lights are for indicating direction, not for overtaking. Public awareness campaigns and stricter enforcement of traffic rules are crucial to correct this misunderstanding. Proper use of side lights is essential for communicating intentions on the road, thereby preventing accidents. By clarifying this simple yet often misunderstood practice, we can significantly enhance road safety. I’ve identified the issue for you, so now it’s up to you to implement and advocate for correct practices.

Now, let’s talk about road features. Have you ever noticed how roads are designed with various features to enhance safety? Take superelevation, for example—the tilt on sharp curves to prevent vehicles from overturning. While 79 percent of respondents recognized superelevation, 60 percent couldn’t explain its function. This is just one example of many road features that are critical for safety yet often misunderstood by the general public. Other features include road markings, pedestrian crossings, and speed bumps. Understanding these elements can significantly improve driving and pedestrian behavior. Awareness of these features and their purposes can lead to more informed and cautious road use. By appreciating the engineering behind our roads, we can better navigate them and reduce risks. I’ve done the groundwork in highlighting these features, so it’s your turn to understand and utilize this knowledge effectively.

To address these misconceptions and improve road safety, we must integrate findings from various sources. Kumar, Gupta, and Singh (2018) emphasize the need for better infrastructure and public awareness for pedestrian safety in urban areas. The World Health Organization reports that pedestrian fatalities account for a significant proportion of road traffic deaths globally, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Similarly, Smith and Jones (2019) found that many drivers in the US misuse or neglect side lights, increasing accident risks, while Lin and Zhang (2021) demonstrated that targeted driver education significantly improved compliance and safety outcomes. Anderson and Wilson (2017) discovered that many UK drivers were unaware of the purpose and benefits of superelevation. Gupta, Verma, and Singh (2020) found that public education enhances understanding and safety.

Based on the survey findings and these sources, here are some recommendations to enhance road safety awareness in Nepal:

• Integrate road safety topics into licensing exams: Ensure that questions about pedestrian safety, side light usage, and road features like superelevation are included in driver licensing exams. This will reinforce the importance of these topics and ensure that all drivers have a basic understanding of them.
• Launch public awareness campaigns: Use media platforms, social media, and community events to spread awareness about correct pedestrian practices, proper use of vehicle side lights, and the benefits of various road features. Engaging content can make these campaigns more effective.
• Collaborate with schools and colleges: Educate young people about road safety through school curriculums and college workshops. Early education can instill lifelong habits and improve overall road safety culture.
• Use technology for education: Develop mobile apps and online resources that provide interactive learning experiences about road safety. Quizzes, videos, and simulations can help users understand and retain information better.

Enhancing road safety awareness in Nepal requires a multifaceted approach that includes better education, stricter enforcement of traffic rules, and engaging public awareness campaigns. By addressing misconceptions and promoting informed decision-making, we can create a safer road environment for everyone.

So, next time you step out onto the busy streets of Kathmandu, remember to walk on the right side, use your sidelights correctly, and appreciate the engineering marvels that keep you safe on those sharp curves. Let’s work together to make our roads safer, one step and one turn at a time.

In today’s time, the omnipresence of AI is undeniable. From virtual assistants like Siri and Alexa to self-driving cars and advanced medical diagnoses, the potential of AI technology is limitless. It has rapidly pervaded various sectors, including finance, communication, education, and government. As AI technologies become more ingrained in everyday life, the need for comprehensive regulation becomes increasingly apparent. Nepal has been without the necessary laws and regulations to govern the AI sector. Recognizing this gap, the government has developed its first-ever concept paper to lay the groundwork for creating essential policies and legal frameworks.

Key points of concept paper

a. General approach of paper on regulating AI 

The concept paper has proposed to formulate a national policy for Artificial Intelligence that ensures cyber security, data protection and upholds user privacy, aligning with international standards and best practices. The paper has also mentioned developing a centralized national portal to expedite the sharing of AI-related information, facilitating communication and collaboration across different sectors. Such effort will help to ensure that all stakeholders have access to the latest information. Another major highlight of the paper is on human capital development. It mentions identifying and enhancing the skills of existing human resources to ensure that a sufficient number of the skilled professionals are available in both public and private sectors for AI development and advancement. This involves assessing the current workforce’s capabilities and implementing targeted training programs to fill any skill gaps in the AI sector. Investing in human capital development enhances the country’s ability to compete globally in the AI sector. A skilled workforce can attract international investments, collaborations, and partnerships, further boosting the nation’s AI ecosystem. With a well-trained workforce, there is a greater potential for innovation and research in AI technologies. This can lead to the development of new AI applications, solutions, and advancements, keeping the nation at the forefront of technological progress.

Similarly, the concept paper emphasizes the need to integrate AI technologies across various sectors, including healthcare, financial services, construction, education, government services, social security, sports, research and development, agriculture, and tourism. The goal of such sectoral application of AI is to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of these sectors through AI-driven innovations. Different sectors have unique challenges and needs. Tailoring AI applications to each sector allows for solutions that are more relevant and impactful, addressing specific issues effectively. For instance, in healthcare, AI can enhance diagnostic accuracy and personalized treatment, while in financial services, it can improve fraud detection and automate routine tasks. This tailored approach ensures that AI applications are highly relevant and effective in solving sector-specific problems. 

b. Special approach of paper regarding research and development on AI 

The Concept Paper for AI regulation in Nepal outlines a strategic approach to advancing research and development (R&D) in AI technologies. Emphasis is placed on enhancing privacy protection, transparency, and accountability through increased research and investment. Similarly, Specialized AI research centers and laboratories are proposed to be established in universities and industrial settings to drive technological progress in AI. Additionally, the concept of collaboration between academia and industry is also highlighted. Financial support mechanisms, including grants, scholarships, and funding programs, are recommended to encourage collaboration between academia and industry. This mechanism is intended to incentivize both academic researchers and private sector experts to engage in AI development by providing essential resources and support. The paper also mentions developing Common Computing Infrastructure in order to boost AI research and development. This will help to distribute the essential capabilities required for progressive AI research across different institutions and sectors. The major focus is on partnerships with global AI research organizations and universities to promote knowledge exchange and collaborative research, integrating Nepal into the international AI research community.

Expectations onwards

In the Government AI Readiness Index, 2023, Nepal has been ranked 150th out of 193 countries with the total score-30.77. In the Index, the total score is calculated from three bases- government pillar, technology sector pillar, and data and infrastructure pillar. With a total score, 30.77, Nepal has achieved 31.04 in government pillar, 24.21 in technology sector pillar, and 37.06 in data and infrastructure pillar. The three pillars were analyzed by setting different dimensions. Under the government pillar, there were four dimensions- vision, governance and ethic, digital capacity, and adaptability. Similarly, the technology sector pillar comprised three dimensions- maturity, innovation capacity, and human capital. The third pillar, data and infrastructure, has also included three dimensions, infrastructure, data availability and data representativeness. The ranking and scores achieved by Nepal underscores the urgency for the country to establish the vigorous regulatory framework for AI. And the expectation from such regulatory policies and laws is that Nepal will be achieving a higher ranking in the Government AI Readiness Index in coming years. 

Similarly, the laws are expected to be formulated in a manner that align with core democratic principles of the nation and firmly safeguards the fundamental rights such as right to privacy, right to information, right against discrimination, right to freedom of expression etc. that are provided by the Constitution of Nepal. AI technology relies heavily on the collection and analysis of vast amounts of data, often personal and sensitive in nature. The law shall address the issues of these data being misused or improperly accessed leading to the violations of individuals privacy rights. AI systems are only as good as the data they are trained on, and if this data is biased or flawed, the algorithms can perpetuate and even amplify existing prejudices and inequalities. In a country as diverse as Nepal, where ethnicity, language, and religion play significant roles in the social fabric, the risk of biased AI algorithms is especially concerning. Additionally, the right to freedom of expression shall also be the priority of the AI regulatory framework as the AI technologies have the potential to influence and even censor the flow of information. There shall be transparency regarding how these technologies are being used and the data they are collecting. The lack of transparency can undermine people’s right to access information about how their data is being used and processed. Moreover, the introduction of Nepal’s concept paper on AI regulation itself marks a significant step towards the creation of a legal framework and policies regulating AI. It is crucial that these laws are thoughtfully crafted and enforced to ensure that AI technologies positively contribute to the development of the nation by inviting growth and progress in the AI sector while also mitigating the potential risk and harm.

Nepal exported electricity worth Rs 16.93 billion to India in the last fiscal year 2023/24.

The Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA) made an income of Rs 16.93 billion by exporting 1.94 billion units of electricity to India last fiscal year.

NEA has been selling the surplus power at Indian Energy Exchange’s Day ahead and real time market at competitive rate as well as to Indian company NTPC Vidyut Vypar Nigam Limited as per mid-term power agreement.

The NVVN has been selling the power to India's Haryana state. Average rate of exported power is Rs 8.72 per unit.

Power worth Rs 16.81 billion was imported to Nepal last fiscal year, according to NEA.  Around 183 billion units of electricity was imported from India to meet the high demand of electricity at home during winter season after power production decreases from hydropower projects in lack of water flow in rivers and rivulets across the country.

The average rate of power imported during the winter season is Rs 9.17 per unit. Power more than Rs 122.3 million was exported to India as compared to import last fiscal year.

Nepal had imported power worth Rs 19.44 billion in the fiscal year 2022/23 while electricity worth Rs 10.45 billion was exported.

Executive Director of NEA, Kulman Ghising said even though power should be imported to fulfill the domestic demands for a few months of winter season till next few years, the volume of export will also increase.

Nepal was elected the Vice President for the Asia-Pacific states of the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC).

Chief of the Permanent Mission of Nepal to the United Nations in New York, Lok Bahadur Thapa, will lead Nepal in the 54-member ECOSOC. Nepal will be the chair of the Asia-Pacific states next year.

Nepal's election to Vice President of the ECOSOC, one of the six main organs of the United Nations, was a matter of pride for the nation, former Ambassador Sundarnath Bhattarai said.

The ECOSOC is the platform for fostering debate and innovative thinking, forging consensus on ways forward, and coordinating efforts to achieve socio-economic progress including Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

The 54-member Council also elected two other Vice Presidents: Krzysztof Szczerski of Poland for Eastern European states and Maritza Chan Valverde of Costa Rica for Latin America and Caribbean states.

A Vice President from the African States regional group will be elected at a later date, it is said.

Likewise, Thapa pledged to work closely with all the member states in achieving the SDGs.

Last year, Nepal was elected a member of the ECOSOC with the highest number of votes from the Asia Pacific region for a three-year term of 2024-2026.

Dear readers,

We start this week’s update on a tragic note. We are talking about the tragic Saurya plane crash at Kathmandu’s Tribhuvan International Airport (TIA) on Wednesday that killed 18 out of 19 passengers on board.

At this time of tragedy, our thoughts are with the friends and families of the deceased. We also wish for a speedy recovery of the pilot who survived the disaster.  

Wednesday’s incident at the TIA has once again highlighted concerns over Nepal’s aviation safety. Once again questions are being raised about the oversight role of the Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal (CAAN) and the airlines. 

Recently, there has been an increase in technical errors, emergency landings, and other issues with domestic airlines, leading to a growing sense of insecurity among the public. People are now questioning the safety of both air and land travel, especially in light of recent plane crashes and major bus accidents.

These tragedies negatively impact Nepal’s international image and could further harm the tourism industry, which is just beginning to recover from the severe effects of Covid-19. The international community is closely monitoring these incidents as Nepal seeks permission from the European Commission for Nepali planes to fly over the European airspace.

This week, the monsoon continued to wreak havoc across the country, causing loss of lives and property. Already, monsoon rains have claimed over 130 lives and caused property damage worth billions.

Now onto politics. This week, Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli secured a two-third majority in a crucial floor test at the House of Representatives. However, it remains to be seen if he can maintain this support for long. After becoming prime minister, Oli faced tough questions from lawmakers, which we covered in detail. He also made public a much-anticipated seven-point agreement reached with Nepali Congress (NC) President Sher Bahadur Deuba, which has not yet been released.

Within the NC, Oli’s primary coalition partner, internal dissatisfaction is growing over the selection of ministerial candidates for provincial and federal positions. Senior leaders Shekhar Koirala and Gagan Thapa have accused Deuba of favoring his close associates. While this discontent may not escalate significantly, the NC leadership should address these concerns to prevent potential spillover effects on the coalition government. Deuba, who has total control over party structures, should be more accommodating and provide space for marginalized groups. The same goes for Prime Minister Oli; he should address intra-party concerns rather than suppressing dissenting voices.

Outside Kathmandu, following the formation of the NC-UML coalition at the center, new chief ministers are being appointed in the provinces. Provincial governments are becoming unstable due to a frequent change of guard at the Center, but our political parties seem least bothered about it.

Meanwhile, former prime minister and CPN (Maoist Center) Chairman Pushpa Kamal Dahal, who was ousted from power, is busy with internal party meetings, emphasizing the positive aspects of his government's tenure. He claims he was ousted after corruption scandals were uncovered and has urged party members to focus on rebuilding the party's organizational base. Since losing power, Dahal has not spoken in the Parliament.

In another story this week, a cross-party committee formed to address war-era human rights issues has made some progress, but it is unclear what top politicians think about the TRC Bill pending in Parliament. With the Maoists out of power, significant progress on the TRC seems unlikely.

On the economic front, with the new government in place, attention is on Finance Minister Bishnu Prasad Poudel to revive the country's economy. Prime Minister Oli has appointed former Finance Minister and Governor Yubaraj Khatiwada as his economic advisor, delaying the unveiling of the much-awaited monetary policy. Concerns remain about whether Poudel and Khatiwada will coordinate effectively on economic issues. The public expects good coordination between the Ministry of Finance, the Prime Minister’s Office, and Nepal Rastra Bank.

Also this week, Minister for Foreign Affairs Arzu Rana Deuba outlined the government’s foreign policy priorities. It is unclear if she is consulting with the prime minister on these matters, but she has discussed China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), stating it cannot proceed without wider government and public discussions. The BRI has been under discussion since Nepal signed the framework agreement in 2017, with the debate polarized between pro-BRI and anti-BRI forces in Kathmandu. China and Western countries are investing in narratives for and against the BRI, respectively, dividing politicians.

Another notable story this week concerned Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives Indira Rana Magar. Magar faced public scrutiny after a letter surfaced in which she had written to the US Embassy in Kathmandu to facilitate the visa process for people with no official connection to her.

Some parliamentarians have accused Magar of misusing her position and trying to “traffick” people into the US, and have called for her resignation to facilitate the investigation. Magar’s party, Rastriya Swatantra Party (RSP), has defended her, stating that the letter was written last year to request the US embassy to schedule an early date for visa interviews, and that there was no ill-intention.

RSP has also claimed that their detractors are using the old letter to smear Magar and the party. However, the moral question remains, as Magar did use her official letterhead of the Deputy Speaker for her correspondence with the US embassy.

That’s all for this week. Have a great weekend!

The officials of the Finance Ministry on Tuesday briefed Finance Minister Bishnu Prasad Poudel about the country’s economic challenges and the measures to resolve those issues.

“Mainly, there are 46 challenges in Nepal’s economy in the observation of the Finance Ministry. Steps are required in 29 sectors to overcome those challenges,” according to a press note issued by the Ministry. 

The ministry’s secretaries and joint secretaries had briefed the minister about the country’s economic status and the ideas to troubleshoot them, according to the ministry.  

In response, Minister Poudel has directed to move ahead by prioritizing the challenges to resolve them. 

The slow growth rate in the economic sector in comparison to the availability of resources; limited growth rate in savings, consumption and investment; poor investment in the productive sector and a sea gap in the import-export ratio have been mentioned as the key challenges of the economy. 

Likewise, unstable and slow economic growth, massive financing gap and limited gross domestic savings and massive internal migration resulting in a decreasing trend of population in mountain, hilly and rural areas have also been identified as challenges of Nepal’s economy. 

Limited contribution of the productive sector in economic growth, limited economic growth rate, poor productivity and the decreasing trend of the industrial sector’s contributions to the country’s economy are also equally alarming as stated by the ministry. 

Similarly, import-based revenue system, poor status of export, massive trade deficit, marginal growth in revenue collection and expenditure, ineffectiveness in capital expenditure, rising debts and massive financial liability for loan repayment have been mentioned as the country’s economic major challenges. 

The ministry has suggested reforms in 29 sectors to resolve the crisis country’s economy is facing. 

According to the ministry, reforms should be achieved by ensuring effective public expenditure along with prioritization, improving capacity to increase capital expenditure, giving emphasis on fiscal strengthening, prioritizing production-based revenue, promoting effective use of debts, reducing financing risks, giving momentum to economic growth by creating a conducive environment for investment growth and investing more on the productive sector.  

The ministry has also explored ideas for accelerating the current economic slowdown. They include clearing the internal obstacles to bring in FDI, stressing the construction of hydropower projects and transmission lines, developing quality road networks, aligning the rural roads with agricultural production and marketing, promoting effectiveness of capital expenditure and applying austerity measures in administrative costs.   

Similarly, the ministry has said government investment should be centered around economic infrastructure development while foreign grants and concessional loans should be mobilized in national priority projects and funds related to climate change should be mobilized.   

Likewise, other measures suggested for solution include maintaining the government’s reserve fund, discouraging non-budgetary demand, ensuring loan disbursement in the productive sector and controlling bad debts. 

The ministry’s officials have asked to apply relaxed monetary tools to reduce the costs of fiscal tools while maintaining stability, providing project-based loans for SMEs, ensuring effective regulations of the fiscal sector and developing a second layer regulatory mechanism to regulate the cooperative sector. 

Other ideas include encouraging the use of remittance in the productive sector, making migration work and devising some policy and legal reforms to increase the inflow of foreign investment in the country.

The Indian government’s budget for the Ministry of External Affairs for the fiscal year 2024/25 has increased allocations for Nepal and Sri Lanka while reducing support for other neighboring countries. Nepal stands out as a major beneficiary, poised to receive InRs 7bn, a substantial increase of InRs 1.5bn from the previous year’s revised budget of InRs 6.5bn. 

Sri Lanka’s allocation has also risen significantly to InRs 2.45bn, an increase of InRs 0.95bn from the previous year’s InRs 1.5bn. This boost is crucial for Sri Lanka’s ongoing economic recovery, supported by India’s previous $4bn aid. 

Afghanistan and the Maldives maintain their allocations at InRs 2bn and InRs 4bn, respectively. Afghanistan’s allocation remains stable despite last year’s revised budget of InRs 2.2bn. 

The Maldives saw a notable increase in its revised budget to InRs 7.7bn, indicating ongoing support for infrastructure projects. 

Meanwhile, Bhutan and Myanmar have seen reductions in their aid. Bhutan’s allocation decreased by InRs 3.3bn—yet it still receives the largest share at InRs 20.68bn. Myanmar’s allocation dropped by InRs 1.5bn to InRs 2.5bn, compared to last year’s InRs 4bn, with InRs 3.7bn utilized. Bangladesh’s allocation decreased by InRs 0.8bn to InRs 1.2bn, with only InRs 1.3bn of the previous year’s InRs 2bn utilized. 

Similarly, Iran’s Chabahar port project continues to receive a steady allocation of InRs 1bn, unchanged for the past three years, highlighting its strategic importance for India as a gateway to Afghanistan and Central Asia, bypassing Pakistan.

Indian Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman presented the first full-fledged budget of the Prime Minister Narendra Modi-led coalition government on Tuesday. From India Inc to the middle class and job seekers, everyone has high hopes for this budget. Additionally, some policy interventions could significantly boost the country’s economic growth and tackle the growing unemployment issue.

Ahead of the budget, Prime Minister Modi asserted that this budget will lay the foundation of ‘Viksit Bharat’ (Developed India). He also said that this is an important budget for ‘Amrit Kaal’, which means ‘great leap’, and could propel India forward on all fronts.

Nepal has established diplomatic relations with the Republic of Kiribati today.

With this, the number of countries with which Nepal has diplomatic relations has reached 183.

Kiribati (pronounced Kiribas), which is located in the central Pacific Ocean, gained independence on 12 July 1979 from Britain. It has a total land area of 811 square kilometers with a population of over 120,000 people.

Kiribati became a member of the United Nations on 14 September 1999. Both Nepal and Kiribati are members of G77 and China and the Least Developed Countries.

Ambassador and Permanent Representative of Nepal to the United Nations Lok Bahadur Thapa and Ambassador and Permanent Representative of the Republic of Kiribati to the United Nations Teburoro Tito signed a Joint Communiqué to this effect in a brief ceremony held at the Permanent Mission of Nepal in New York, today.

They also signed a joint letter informing the Secretary-General of the United Nations about the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries.

On the occasion, both the Ambassadors exchanged views on various matters of common interest to strengthen bilateral cooperation in national and international forums, especially at the UN forums for the mutual benefit of the two countries, including the issues of least developed countries, according to a statement issued today by the Permanent Mission of Nepal to the United Nations based in New York, USA.

A total of 108 people have died due to monsoon-induced disaster including floods, landslides and inundation in different parts of the country.

According to the Nepal police headquarters, the death toll since the monsoon began on June 10 to July 14 has reached 108.

Among the deceased, two died in Kathmandu valley, 19 in Koshi Province, five in Madhesh Province, nine in Bagmati, 38 in Gandaki, 23 in Lumbini, four in Karnali Province and eight people in Sudurpaschim Province.

Similarly, 119 people were injured in the incident including eight in Kathmandu valley, 31 in Koshi, nine in Madhes, seven in Bagmati, 28 in Gandaki, nine in Lumbini, 16 in Karnali and 11 in Sudurpaschim Province.

According to Nepal police, 53 people, who were affected by the floods and landslides, have been rescued while six people are still missing. During the period, a total of 182 houses were inundated due to floods. Similarly, 203 houses, 75 sheds, 41 bridges, one school and two government offices were damaged.

A total of 516 cattle heads perished while 3,552 families were displaced from their homes due to the disaster.