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French Ambassador to Nepal, Virginie Corteval, has expressed grief over the loss of life and property due to floods and landslides, while expressing her empathy to the government and the people of Nepal.

Speaking at a reception held to mark Nepal-France educational partnership, at her residence on Saturday evening, Ambassador Corteval said that she was saddened by the news of the loss of precious lives and property in the natural disaster, and said that the government of France and the French people express their heartfelt empathy and solidarity with the government and the people of Nepal at this hour of grief and crisis.

On a different note, she expressed her belief that the educational fair organized by targeting Nepalis who want to study in academic educational institutions of France would further advance the relationship between France and Nepal through the medium of education.

Ambassador Corteval also expressed her belief that Nepal would benefit from the provision of French scholarships for talented students of the country.

The higher education fair titled "Choose France Tour Nepal 2024" was held on September 28 at the Alliance Française in Pulchowk, Lalitpur.

As part of the French government's "Choose France" initiative, the fair provided Nepali students with various opportunities to pursue advanced studies, including Ph.D. programs and scholarships at top French institutions. Representatives from 17 leading universities, including Grandes Ecoles, and colleges offered programs across diverse fields, such as management, engineering, humanities, arts, architecture, and design.

Organized by the French Embassy in Nepal, in collaboration with Campus France, the fair provides students with counseling sessions, scholarship information, visa application guidance, and insights into student life in France.

In the fiscal year 2024/25, foreign direct investment (FDI) commitments in Nepal reached an all-time high, doubling from the previous year. The Department of Industry reported FDI commitments of Rs 61.9bn, compared to Rs 30.7bn in 2022/23. Despite this, actual investment inflow has remained low, with only Rs 8.4bn invested last year.

According to the Department of Industry and Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB), the situation is gradually improving, with Rs 12.12bn in FDI commitments made in just the first two months of the current fiscal year. Nepal has received a total of Rs 524.02bn in foreign investment so far, with 6,364 projects approved. These commitments could potentially create 333,908 jobs if the proposed projects are executed. However, the trend shows that actual FDI inflows have lagged behind commitments, despite several years of optimistic projections. Although recent legal reforms aimed at making Nepal more investment-friendly have contributed to an increase in approved FDI, the inflow of funds remains a challenge.

Arjun Sen Oli, director and information officer at the Department of Industry, noted that while investment commitments are promising, only 32-35 percent of committed funds have been invested so far. “Investment commitments are encouraging as they indicate that more funds are on the way,” he said.

In May, the government held its third investment conference, aiming to position Nepal as a prime investment destination. Both large and small investments are expected to materialize, though NRB data indicates that only a fraction of the committed investments has been realized.

Stakeholders believe that a stable government and consistent policies are crucial for further improvement. The Department of Industry has introduced a streamlined system for processing foreign investment proposals, making it easier for investors to apply from any country without needing to be physically present. This has helped create a more conducive environment for foreign investments. “This new system simplifies the proposal process and has enabled the government to foster a more investment-friendly market,” said Oli.

Additionally, the government has lowered the minimum threshold for foreign investments from Rs 50m to Rs 20m and removed limits on foreign investment in the IT sector. This has led to a surge in IT sector investments.

Inward foreign investment improves

Foreign investment into Nepal increased by 36.1 percent in the last fiscal year, according to data from the NRB. Although the government has introduced reforms to reduce investment fees and remove limits on IT sector investments, overall FDI inflows remain modest. In 2022/23, Rs 6.17bn was received, rising to Rs 8.40bn in 2023/24. However, this is still significantly lower than the Rs 18.56bn received in 2021/22, and other years have seen similarly fluctuating figures.

Economist Dilliraj Khanal believes that while recent commitments are encouraging, it will take time for these investments to materialize. “The commitments made last year are only now being implemented,” he said, adding that the government’s recent reforms have had a positive impact on IT investments, though overall FDI inflows remain underwhelming. He stressed that there is a significant gap between committed and actual foreign investment.

Khanal also noted that political stability and consistent policies are essential to attract more foreign investment. “The recent growth in investment is not surprising, given the lack of political stability and effective implementation of amended laws. The government's win-win approach is still not functioning effectively, making it harder to attract FDI.”

To build investor confidence, there is a need for more agile and transparent procedural arrangements, as well as an improved investment environment. Industry, Commerce, and Supply Minister Damodar Bhandari acknowledged that the investment environment has not developed as expected since the last investment conference. He cited political instability and the absence of a stable government as major obstacles. Bhandari recommended revising key policies, including the Mining Act, Commercial Policy, and the 2013 Industrial Policy.

Repatriation of foreign investment returns

A survey by the NRB revealed that in the fiscal year 2021/22, while Rs 18.56bn was committed, only 34.3 percent of this amount actually entered Nepal. Meanwhile, Rs 15.67bn was repatriated as dividends. In 2020/21, dividend repatriation exceeded FDI inflows, indicating a tendency for foreign investors to withdraw profits rather than reinvest.

Over the past 27 years, a total of Rs 411.5bn in FDI has been approved for Nepal. However, only 36.2 percent, or Rs 148.99bn, has actually entered the country. This highlights significant weaknesses in Nepal’s foreign investment sector, exacerbated by political instability and inconsistent policies. Economists argue that these challenges have limited Nepal’s ability to attract and retain meaningful foreign investment.

Nepal-China joint military drill is taking place in Southwest China's Chongqing municipality, with a type of ball-shaped reconnaissance drone making its debut.

An opening ceremony was held for the Sagarmatha Friendship-2024 joint army drill at a training base in Southwest China's Chongqing Municipality on Sunday, the Xinhua News Agency reported. It is the fourth edition of the Sagarmatha Friendship series of exercises between the Chinese and Nepali militaries, with the previous drill held five years ago in 2019. The drill began in 2017.

Under the theme of joint anti-terrorism operations in urban blocks, the joint training will include light arms shooting, anti-terrorism group tactics, drone operations, emergency rescues and a comprehensive anti-terrorism exercise, with the aim of boosting capabilities in fields such as multidimensional search, mobile infiltration and armed rescue in joint operations, according to Xinhua.

 After the opening ceremony, the Chinese side displayed more than 20 pieces of equipment in three categories, namely light arms, reconnaissance gears for anti-terrorism missions and equipment, China Central Television (CCTV) reported.

Intelligent reconnaissance equipment attracted particular attention, including a type of robot dog, a type of through-wall radar and a type of self-propelled ball-shaped reconnaissance drone, the report said. The gear will provide extra combat capabilities in the joint exercise, CCTV said.

A CCTV clip showed that the ball-shaped reconnaissance drone, equipped with a camera and sensors, can be held with one hand. After viewing the clip, a Beijing-based military expert who requested anonymity told the Global Times on Sunday that the mini ball-shaped drone can move through urban areas by rolling on the ground with little noise and avoiding hostile detections. The small drone is expected to cost little, but can significantly reduce the risk of personnel exposure under dangerous environments, the expert said.

During the exercise, the two sides will also conduct exchanges on disaster relief operations, tackling natural disasters such as earthquakes, snow damages and debris flow, in addition to a series of cultural exchanges to enhance mutual trust and understandings, Xinhua reported.

With more frequent glacial lake outburst floods occurring in Nepal and with the Secretary General of the United Nations, Antonio Guterres, launching an SOS from the South Pacific Nation of Tonga asking for nations to “Save our Oceans”, climate action is not an option but an imperative.

We should paraphrase and recontextualize the advice given by Michelle Obama during the recently held Democratic National Convention when she encouraged her fellow democrats in the USA “to do something” to win the elections in November. Indeed, we need to “do something” to stem climate warming and repurpose our industries and societies towards a meaningful and net zero scenario. Pathways must be found to give a voice to youths because without their engagement and advocacy, climate action won’t really happen.

While there are many ways for youths and the general population to be, not only part of the conversation on climate warming but also be truly engaged on it, it is paramount to create platforms where young people can truly express their concerns and provide new ideas and propositions.

I am referring to enabling youths to be involved in the sphere of policy making, by ensuring that their contributions, either in the forms of projects or in terms of innovative approaches for new progressive laws and regulations, do matter and are taken into consideration. With Nepal preparing its 3rd Nationally Determined Contributions or NDC, the document that each signatory party to the Paris Agreement must present with its commitments to reduce greenhouse emissions, having youths firmly involved in climate related decision making, can make a huge difference.

One venue for them to start working at policy level is the Local Conference of Youth or LCOY, a national forum under the umbrella of YOUNGO that is officially recognized as the constituency of young people within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).

At the beginning of August, Nepal held its own national version of LCOY over two days of intensive discussions.

It was jointly organized by Youth Action for Sustainable and Eco Nepal (YASEN) and Sustainability Week Kathmandu (SWK) after months of hard work that included a myriad of in person and online interactions with a main national event bringing together 200 young leaders. I approached the organizing team to have a better understanding of the initiative and its significance.

If the federal government in Kathmandu is truly committed to work with young people, then a platform like LCOY can turbocharge innovative ideas and ensure that bold commitments are going to be included in the NDC 3.0.

The Focal Point of LCOY Nepal, Dikshya Subedi who is also the Founder of YASEN shared her reflections. "LCOY Nepal 2024 was a powerful demonstration of youth-led climate action, bringing together diverse voices from across the country to address the pressing issue of climate change”

“I have witnessed firsthand the dedication, passion, and collaboration that made this conference an extraordinary platform for youth engagement and climate action. LCOY Nepal 2024 was more than just a gathering; it was a testament to the power of collective action and the unwavering commitment of young individuals to drive positive change”.

“This year's conference brought together diverse voices from across Nepal, each contributing unique perspectives and innovative solutions to the pressing issue of climate change. Our goal was to create a platform where young people could contribute innovative solutions and be recognized as key stakeholders in global climate discussions”.

Subedi recounted how the overarching preparation was a huge task across multiple interlinked sectors with a real effort to involve youths from all backgrounds as diversity and inclusion are two essential features to ensure climate justice.

“It was intense, requiring immense dedication and collaboration from our team and partners. We discussed critical themes like indigenous knowledge, climate resilience, and sustainable practices, leading to actionable resolutions”.

For Ganesh Paudel, the Technical Lead, LCOY Nepal 2024, the whole experience was “transformative”.

“Our mission was to gather youth from various regions to address climate change issues, pushing back against the false notion that this event was just for certificate seekers. We wanted to empower young people to voice their concerns and take action against the climate crisis. The success of this event is a testament to the dedication of our organizers, volunteers, and partners. I’m proud of the collaboration and impact we’ve achieved, and I’m confident that the discussions and resolutions from LCOY Nepal 2024 will resonate in global forums like COP."

Hemanshu Kafle who, as Design Lead, was in charge of putting together all the sessions in coherent flow, believes that the whole process, not only the two days of final discussions, was a game-changer.

He highlighted to me that an initiative like LCOY” truly enables youths to lead in global climate discussions”.

Indeed, we need both a new process of decision making in the field of climate action centered around empowerment, the dynamics that help young people build and strengthen their agency and ownership.

And yes, we need tons of shared, grounded but at the same time bold, values-based leadership among young people to tackle climate change head on.

Kafle also echoes the win-win approach based on multi-stakeholders’ involvement.

“The event’s success was the result of meticulous planning and support from partners like UNICEF Nepal, ICIMOD, UNDP, Nelis Nepal, WYCJ, SHE CHANGES CLIMATE. We tackled vital themes like indigenous knowledge, climate resilience, and sustainable forestry”.

What about the way forward?

The second day of the LCOY focused on drafting a so-called National Youth Statement, a series of key priorities that should be addressed by the Federal Government while drafting its NDC 3.0.

It is a blueprint centered around the importance of building the capacity of young people while meaningfully allowing them to have a real voice, a voice that should not be discounted, a voice that instead should be taken into account by politicians.

“Moving forward, we aim to translate the energy from LCOY into actionable outcomes, presenting our resolutions at COP events and continuing to strengthen youth networks across Nepal” Kafle shared.

Subedi added, “We are serious at ensuring that the voices of Nepali youth are heard on the global stage”.

For her, the LCOY 2024 “is just the beginning of a broader movement, and we are committed to continuing our work towards a more resilient and equitable future."

Indeed, this is just a start but ideally, we should find ways to institutionalize events like LCOY rather than being a once in a year process. This for me it’s the real challenge that goes at the heart of the current governance system. It is a general problem, not only specific to Nepal but governance at national and local levels should be reformed in a way to truly give a permanent voice to young people.

Consultative processes are good but actually we need a major reform of the entire system, creating a new space to ensure young people’s right to participate and have a role in the decision-making process. Will politicians, in Nepal and elsewhere, realize the urgency of taking bold actions by involving and engaging young people? What should it take for them to really have agency and a seat where decisions are made?

LCOY like events are important because they can help us imagine a different way of doing “politics”. Climate change could become not only the spark of a new wave of civic engagement but a stepstone to rethink democracy in its entirety.

An International Monetary Fund (IMF) staff team, led by  Sarwat Jahan, conducted a staff visit to Kathmandu during September 11-22, 2024, to discuss recent macroeconomic developments and the implementation of the Extended Credit Facility (ECF)-supported program.

At the conclusion of the visit,  Jahan, issuing a press statement, said that Nepal’s economy is showing early signs of recovery.

 Incoming high-frequency data shows import growth is entering into positive territory, tax collections are improving, and public investment is picking up. Credit growth is recovering while remaining appropriately below nominal GDP growth. Inflation continued to decelerate to around 3.6 percent by mid-July, partially reflecting favorable commodity prices and weak demand. International reserves continued to rise, underpinned by robust remittances, recovering tourism, and still subdued imports.

“Accelerating the reform momentum is critical to put the economy on a path towards sustainable, strong, and inclusive economic growth. This will require enhancing public investment execution, further strengthening of domestic revenue mobilization, and prompt disbursement of Child Grants. As banks deal with elevated non-performing loans and capital constraints, continued vigilance is necessary, including by continuing to strengthen regulation and completing the loan portfolio review of the largest 10 banks. Addressing vulnerabilities among the savings and credit cooperatives remains a priority. The recent amendments to the Anti-Money Laundering Act are a welcome step. Amending the Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) Act, completion of NRB’s external audit and increasing public enterprise’s transparency will enhance governance and accountability. The Investment Facilitation Act will bolster Nepal’s investment climate.

“The authorities’ ongoing efforts in meeting key commitments under the Fund-supported program, with the support of IMF’s technical assistance, are welcome. Performance under the program will be formally assessed in the context of the fifth review of the program.

“The IMF team held meetings with the Honorable Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Finance Mr. Bishnu Prasad Paudel, the Nepal Rastra Bank Governor Mr. Maha Prasad Adhikari, the National Planning Commission Vice-Chairman Dr. Shiva Raj Adhikari, and other senior government and central bank officials. The IMF team also met with representatives from the private sector and development partners. Ms. Duttagupta, Deputy Director in the IMF’s Asia and Pacific Department, attended key meetings. “The IMF team is grateful to the Nepali authorities for their warm hospitality and for constructive discussions.”

As Nepal transitions into a federal structure, the Social Welfare Council (SWC) plays a pivotal role in coordinating social welfare initiatives among various stakeholders, including non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and international non-governmental organizations (INGOs). Established under the Social Welfare Act of 2049, the SWC’s mission is increasingly vital as it seeks to meet the diverse needs of the population while adapting to a complex political landscape.

Nepal’s move to federalism has introduced significant changes in governance and service delivery. The SWC faces several challenges in this new environment:

Fragmentation of authority: Power is now decentralized, requiring the SWC to coordinate effectively across federal, provincial, and local levels. This fragmentation can lead to inconsistencies in policy implementation, making it essential for the SWC to establish robust communication channels.

Resource allocation: Government priorities may shift based on political dynamics, impacting the funding and support available for social welfare initiatives. This uncertainty complicates the planning and execution of programs aimed at vulnerable populations.

Stakeholder engagement: The SWC must balance the interests of local governments, NGOs, and community members, fostering collaboration to avoid service delivery overlaps and ensure cohesive efforts.

Operational landscape

Clients and beneficiaries: The SWC’s primary focus is on marginalized groups, including women, children, the elderly, and persons with disabilities. Programs must be tailored to address specific social challenges, such as poverty, discrimination, and access to healthcare and education.

Staff capacity and expertise: The effectiveness of the SWC hinges on its personnel. Continuous professional development is crucial for staff to navigate the complexities of federalism and effectively support local NGOs.

Board and governance: The SWC's governance structure must include diverse representation to reflect the multifaceted nature of social issues in Nepal. The SWC board should be led by a professional politician while the line ministry should be an oversight body. Strengthening the executive committee can lead to more informed and inclusive decision-making processes.

Strategic recommendations

To enhance the SWC’s operational effectiveness in the federal context, consider the following strategies:

• Enhanced coordination mechanisms: Develop clear protocols for communication and collaboration among the SWC, local governments, and NGOs. Regular joint planning sessions can ensure alignment on priorities and enhance the effectiveness of social welfare programs.
• Decentralized decision-making: Empower local SWC branches to make decisions regarding funding and program implementation. This approach allows for greater responsiveness to local needs and quicker adaptations to changing circumstances.
• Prioritized capacity building: Invest in training programs for SWC staff and affiliated NGOs, focusing on project management, monitoring and evaluation, and community engagement. A well-trained workforce is essential for effective service delivery.
• Transparency and accountability: Implement robust financial management and reporting mechanisms to build trust among stakeholders. Regular audits and public disclosures of funding and expenditures can enhance the SWC’s credibility.
• Collaboration with local organizations: Strengthen partnerships with local NGOs and community-based organizations to leverage their knowledge and networks. This collaborative approach can enhance outreach and ensure programs are culturally sensitive.
• Advocacy for sustainable funding: Engage in advocacy efforts to secure stable funding from government sources, international donors, and private sector partners. Diversifying the funding base will enable the SWC to sustain its operations and expand its reach.

The Social Welfare Council is at a critical juncture as it navigates the complexities of a federal Nepal. By enhancing coordination mechanisms, decentralizing decision-making, investing in capacity building, and fostering collaboration with local organizations, the SWC can significantly strengthen its impact. These strategic adaptations will empower marginalized communities and align the Council’s operations with the overarching goals of the Nepalese government, fostering a more equitable and just society. The SWC’s proactive approach is essential for advancing social welfare initiatives and improving the lives of vulnerable populations across Nepal.

The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the Government of Nepal have officially launched the USAID Agricultural Direct Financing project, a $21m government-to-government (G2G) initiative aimed at advancing food security in Nepal. The announcement was made during a virtual event on Monday, which also saw the unveiling of the US government’s new five-year Global Food Security Strategy (GFSS) Nepal Country Plan 2024-2028.

The Agricultural Direct Financing project will support the federal, provincial, and municipal governments in Lumbini and Sudurpaschim provinces, helping them plan and implement agricultural development programs. The initiative aims to benefit 69,000 people across 53,000 hectares, introducing modern farming technologies to boost agricultural productivity.

The newly announced GFSS Nepal Country Plan 2024-2028 seeks to reform Nepal’s agricultural and food systems to reduce poverty, hunger, and malnutrition. It focuses on 26 districts in the Tarai and select hill regions, with an expanded emphasis on Madhesh province to better assist vulnerable communities.

Speaking at the launch event, US Ambassador to Nepal, Dean R Thompson, said, “This new GFSS Nepal Country Plan will strengthen the United States’ partnership with Nepal, the private sector, and local communities to achieve inclusive, resilient, and sustainable growth. Our new government-to-government agreement is a testament to our collective commitment to advancing food security in Nepal.”

Nepal’s Minister of Agriculture and Livestock Development, Ramnath Adhikari, described the launch as a significant milestone in the longstanding partnership between Nepal and the US. “Nepal is committed to this collaboration as we work together to enhance food security and promote sustainable development,” he added.

India’s efforts to boost its one-horned rhino population are being hailed as a major success, drawing parallels to Nepal’s conservation achievements. Over the past four decades, India’s rhino population has surged from 1,500 to over 4,000, according to data released on World Rhino Day.

This progress mirrors Nepal’s own triumph in protecting the one-horned rhinoceros, particularly in Chitwan National Park, where community involvement and anti-poaching efforts have been key. Nepal has long been recognized for its effective conservation strategies, serving as a model for neighboring India.

Much like Nepal’s approach, India’s success has hinged on collaboration between forest departments and local communities. The rhino populations in both countries are vital to maintaining the biodiversity of the region, with Assam’s Kaziranga National Park and Nepal’s Chitwan National Park being prime habitats.

Globally, rhino populations have drastically decreased, but the greater one-horned rhino has made a strong comeback in both Nepal and India. Yet, challenges remain. Poaching, fueled by the demand for rhino horns in China and Vietnam, still threatens these vulnerable species. As India follows in Nepal's footsteps, both nations must continue to enhance their conservation efforts to ensure these iconic animals thrive for future generations.

Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli has said that Nepal is clear in its view that carbon emitting countries should compensate the non-emitting countries.

Prime Minister Oli, who is in New York to attend the 79th United Nations General Assembly (UNGA), leading the Nepali delegation, said this while addressing as the keynote speaker at a program on Parliamentarians for Fossil Fuel Free, on Saturday.

Stating that Nepal has helped reduce the climate change impact through zero carbon emission, he stressed on compensating the communities suffering from climate change impact due to the emissions by the developed countries. He presented the case of the snow melting in the Nepal Himalayas, including Sagarmatha (Mt Everest).

PM Oli called on the developed countries of the world to increase funding for future climate adaptation as established by the Paris Agreement. "Our future is bright because we are investing for the future," he said.

The film industry worldwide is undergoing a significant transformation, and Nepal is no exception. With the advent of artificial intelligence (AI), the landscape of filmmaking is evolving rapidly, offering new opportunities and challenges. AI’s integration into the Nepali film industry is not just a trend but a revolution that promises to redefine how films are made, distributed, and consumed.

Pre-production: Enhancing creativity and efficiency

In the pre-production phase, AI tools are proving to be invaluable. Scriptwriting, for instance, can benefit immensely from AI algorithms that analyze successful scripts and suggest improvements. AI can help writers develop more engaging plots, create realistic dialogues, and even predict the potential success of a script based on various parameters. This not only saves time but also enhances the creative process by providing writers with new perspectives and ideas.

Moreover, AI can assist in casting by analyzing actors’ past performances and predicting their suitability for specific roles. This data-driven approach ensures that the right talent is chosen, which can significantly impact the film’s success. For directors and producers in Nepal, this means making more informed decisions that align with both artistic vision and market demands.

Production: Streamlining processes and reducing costs

During the production phase, AI technologies can streamline various processes, making filmmaking more efficient and cost-effective. AI-powered cameras and drones can capture high-quality footage with precision, reducing the need for multiple takes and extensive reshoots. These technologies can also handle complex shots that would be challenging or dangerous for human operators.

In addition, AI can assist in managing schedules, budgets, and logistics. By analyzing data from previous projects, AI can predict potential delays and suggest ways to mitigate them. This proactive approach helps keep productions on track and within budget, which is particularly beneficial for the Nepali film industry, where resources are often limited.

Post-production: Revolutionizing editing and visual effects

Post-production is where AI’s impact is most profound. AI-driven editing software can automate many tedious tasks, such as sorting through hours of footage, identifying the best takes, and assembling rough cuts. This allows editors to focus on the creative aspects of their work, such as refining the narrative and enhancing the emotional impact of scenes.

AI is also revolutionizing visual effects (VFX). Advanced algorithms can generate realistic CGI, perform complex compositing, and even create entire scenes from scratch. This opens up new possibilities for filmmakers in Nepal, enabling them to produce high-quality visual effects without the need for expensive equipment or large teams.

Distribution: Targeting audiences and maximizing reach 

AI’s role extends beyond production into distribution and marketing. AI algorithms can analyze audience preferences and viewing habits to predict which films will resonate with different demographics. This information can be used to tailor marketing campaigns, ensuring that promotional efforts reach the right audience.

For the Nepali film industry, this means more effective use of limited marketing budgets. By targeting specific segments of the population, filmmakers can maximize their reach and increase the chances of their films being successful. AI can also assist in optimizing release schedules, choosing the best platforms for distribution, and even setting ticket prices based on demand predictions.

Challenges and ethical considerations

While AI offers numerous benefits, its integration into the film industry also raises several challenges and ethical considerations. One major concern is the potential loss of jobs as AI automates tasks traditionally performed by humans. This is a significant issue in Nepal, where the film industry provides employment to many people.

To address this, it is essential to focus on reskilling and upskilling the workforce. By providing training in AI and related technologies, the industry can ensure that workers are equipped to take on new roles and responsibilities. Additionally, there should be a balance between automation and human creativity, ensuring that AI enhances rather than replaces human input.

Another ethical consideration is the potential for bias in AI algorithms. If the data used to train AI systems is biased, it can lead to unfair and discriminatory outcomes. This is particularly relevant in casting and scriptwriting, where biased algorithms could perpetuate stereotypes and limit diversity. It is crucial to develop and implement AI systems that are transparent, fair, and inclusive.

Future of AI in Nepali film industry 

The future of AI in the Nepali film industry looks promising. As technology continues to advance, AI will become even more integrated into all aspects of filmmaking. This will lead to more efficient production processes, higher-quality films, and greater opportunities for creative expression.

For filmmakers in Nepal, embracing AI is not just about staying current with global trends but also about leveraging technology to overcome local challenges. By adopting AI, the Nepalese film industry can enhance its competitiveness, reach a wider audience, and tell more compelling stories.

In conclusion, AI is set to play a pivotal role in the future of the Nepalese film industry. Its ability to enhance creativity, streamline production, and optimize distribution makes it an invaluable tool for filmmakers. However, it is essential to address the challenges and ethical considerations associated with AI to ensure that its integration benefits everyone involved. With the right approach, AI can help the Nepali film industry achieve new heights and continue to thrive in the digital age.

Mamkoila Sarki from Jumla shares the lifelong struggle of accessing clean drinking water. She recalls a time when melting snow was a daily routine for drinking water. Decades ago, crops thrived with minimal spoilage, but now recurrent landslides and unfavorable climatic conditions frequently destroy seeds and paddy, she says.

Sadhana Tharu from Nepalgunj observes rising temperatures over the years. Whereas rainfall used to arrive between mid-May and mid-June, it now occurs between mid-July and mid-August, often leading to flooding between September and October.

Dhanjit Budha from Jumla explains that with many men and educated women working abroad, the remaining women, who rely heavily on agriculture, struggle to support their families. Climate change has reduced agricultural productivity, making survival increasingly difficult.

In the documentary Bahav, produced by Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung last year, the impact of climate change on water resources is highlighted.

Women in remote districts like Bardiya and Jumla are adapting to climate variability in their villages. According to the World Bank’s Country, Climate, and Development Report, Nepal’s temperature is projected to rise by 0.9°C between 2016 and 2045, further increasing the country's climate risks.

This article will explore how documentaries and short films have brought climate change issues in Nepal to the forefront. It will examine the presentation of climate challenges in various contexts, and whether commercial cinema has adequately addressed these critical issues.

Emerging issues

A documentary produced by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) illustrates how poverty and environmental changes are driving migration. Intense monsoons lead to floods in the Tarai and landslides in the hills, while droughts damage crops, exacerbating food insecurity. For example, in Arghakhanchi district alone, more than 50 percent of households have family members migrating for work. 

Respondents in the documentary noted that climate change has harmed crop yields, livestock, and livelihoods. However, FAO demonstrates that intervention is possible through a problem-solving approach, providing support to affected communities, especially women, who bear the brunt of climate change.

In The Last Yak Herder of Dhe, visual anthropologist Fidel Devkota showcases the challenges faced by Kungshang Rinzin, the only remaining yak herder in Upper Mustang’s climate-vulnerable region. The documentary, featured by WWF Nepal, reveals the population decline in Dhe village due to shrinking grasslands and water shortages.

A documentary by NDI Nepal, supported by USAID, focuses on climate change and governance in Nepal. Stakeholders warn that 21 glacial lakes—sources of the Koshi, Gandaki, and Karnali rivers—are on the verge of bursting due to global warming. This could lead to massive displacement and poverty. Despite many policies, implementation remains a challenge. 

Dr Punya Prasad Regmi, Vice-chancellor of Agriculture and Forestry University, stresses the need for collaboration between the Ministries of Agriculture, Energy, and Forestry to address climate-related policy gaps.

The World Bank report also forecasts drier winters and wetter monsoon summers in Nepal, with river flooding potentially affecting 350,000 people by 2030. Between 2012 and 2019, Nepal’s carbon emissions rose by 26.9 percent, with agriculture contributing 54 percent and energy 28 percent.

Climate storytelling in film festivals

The 19th edition of the Kathmandu International Mountain Film Festival (KIMFF) in December 2021 focused on climate change under the theme “Karma.” The festival screened 40 films from 28 countries. Festival chair Basant Thapa emphasized the deep connection between humans and nature, calling for urgent action to heal the planet.

Notable films included The Icefall Doctor (2021), which portrays the life of Angnima Sherpa, who managed the Khumbu Icefall on Everest amidst environmental and personal challenges, and Bally Peak Outlook 2020 Expedition (2020), documenting a 47-day cleanup campaign led by environmental activist Dawa Steven Sherpa. The campaign, conducted during lockdown, removed 2.2 tons of waste from three mountains.

Other films, like God’s Buffalo (2021) and When Glaciers Go (2021), depict the personal and environmental struggles of rural communities affected by climate change, such as forced migration due to water shortages in Mustang.

KIMFF also organized a short film competition on the theme of “Green Growth—Green Recovery,” receiving 10 films on climate change and environmental issues. A decade earlier, the British Council Nepal and DFID launched the UK-Nepal Climate Change Short Film Competition, with winning entries screened at KIMFF.

While festivals like KIMFF promote climate storytelling, their reach is limited to Kathmandu, and the remote areas most affected by climate change remain largely unaware of these efforts.

Absence of climate stories in commercial cinema

Medical anthropologist and filmmaker Sachin Ghimire argues that Nepali cinema has largely neglected climate-related stories. He believes commercial filmmakers have not explored this issue, although doing so could attract larger audiences and raise awareness.

Ghimire criticizes Nepal’s political system for its failure to prioritize climate issues, blaming a lack of political vision and leadership. Despite some efforts by NGOs and INGOs, climate storytelling in Nepal is often driven by funding availability rather than genuine concern.

Senior movie journalist Samipya Timalsena notes that Nepali cinema tends to focus on entertainment, with few films exploring complex issues like climate change. He believes that creating issue-based movies with compelling protagonists and antagonists is a challenge.

Another documentary filmmaker, speaking anonymously, agrees that bringing such topics to mainstream cinema is difficult without the support of key stakeholders. However, he commends the work of visual anthropologists and documentary makers who continue to address these critical issues.

Climate change activist Arnab Chaudhary advocates for more indigenous storytelling in climate narratives, emphasizing that indigenous communities are disproportionately affected by climate change. He argues that their stories should be told by themselves to authentically reflect their experiences, with non-indigenous allies providing support.

Way forward

Nepal faces many challenges as a developing country, but ignoring environmental issues will only lead to a more uncertain future. Despite contributing just 0.027 percent of global emissions, Nepal ranks fourth in climate vulnerability.

Efforts like Sagarmatha Sambad, a multi-stakeholder dialogue on climate issues initiated by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, are commendable. The first summit, scheduled for April 2020, was postponed due to the Covid-19 pandemic.

As a signatory to the Paris Agreement, Nepal must continue raising climate concerns in international forums. Domestically, the government must prioritize helping climate-vulnerable communities, especially indigenous groups, through effective policy implementation.

Having grown up near the Mahabharat Range, I’ve seen firsthand how human activity and climate change have altered the landscape. The glaciers are melting, and the floods in the Tarai affect thousands. Living in Kathmandu for over a decade, I noticed this year was especially hot.

Storytelling has always been a powerful tool for understanding and sharing experiences, and it’s time for the entertainment industry to embrace climate stories. Raising awareness through compelling narratives can help create the momentum needed for policymakers to act on climate justice.

Restoring our connection with nature is crucial for a sustainable future. Why not start by reflecting on our relationship with the Earth?

A Constitution is a living document, it is a document of compromise that is not immune from the winds of change that blow so very often, especially on this part of the globe. As times change, the makers of a constitution or their successors have to make timely changes in it without compromising on its basic tenets.  

Nepal’s newest charter is not—and cannot be—an exception. 

Nine years have passed since the Constituent Assembly, in its second term, promulgated the constitution of a federal, secular and democratic Nepal, in a massive departure from the unitary system, amid a rough weather marked by protests from sections of the national population and displeasure from the next-door neighbor. Looking back, the system stood pretty shakily on twin pillars of multiparty democracy and constitutional monarchy on a seismic fault-zone, thanks to endemic corruption, a war, dynastic rules both of the royals and champions of democracy, rising public discontent and desires for change. 

Almost a decade after the promulgation of the charter that aimed to institutionalize democracy and republicanism by bringing the government at the doorsteps of the people living in far-flung areas in particular, not much has changed. Federalism, which was supposed to take the government to the doorsteps, is proving to be a costly affair, with increasing complaints from the people that all they have got at the provinces are Singhadurbars (Lion Palaces), which are quite costly to keep as they have to foot the cost of their operation. A frequently-heard public complaint is that the rulers have let the lions out among hapless sections of the society instead of extending to them the benevolent hand of the state.

There’s also a feeling among the public that select political leaders of the country can get away with anything, including policy-level corruption, as they are beyond the long arm of the law. 

Rather than decentralizing power, our federal experiment, thus far, has mostly been about managing plum jobs at the provinces for cadres of different political parties.

Moreover, whenever there’s a change of guard at the center, provincial governments also topple,  deepening a chronic political instability and disenchanting the people further and further.

These factors are pushing people, youths in particular, to the foreign shores—for jobs, for an education and even for permanent settlement. 

This does not bode well for a polity. 

The parties represented in the Parliament, including the Nepali Congress and the CPN-UML, the two largest parties, should wake up and act. Amending the constitution may be necessary—by taking the entire country into confidence through long and engaging discussions with every section of the society on every topic—but it is equally necessary for Nepal’s political leaders to mend ways.  

A few months back, during a discussion with a distinguished professor from a so-called developed country (only economically, in my view), I was struck by the painful reality of how often nations like Nepal are labeled ‘poor’. It is disheartening to hear such a professor’s emphasis on economic poverty as the primary measure of a nation’s success. This sentiment echoed a mindset that I experienced over three decades ago during my school days when economic metrics were prioritized and were taught as the sole measure of progress. It’s pitiable to see that even today, this outlook has remained unchanged, despite the mounting evidence of the destruction resulting from overemphasizing material prosperity, ignoring the broader, deeper, richer aspects of life that truly enhances our well-being. 

A global obsession

Despite complex and multiple dimensions of poverty, the world remains fixated on economic growth. Countries are locked in a race to lift their GDPs, assuming economic advancement with progress. But what are we really accomplishing? Approximately nine percent of the people around the world lack access to basic needs i.e enough food, cloth and shelter. While this is an urgent issue, pursuing economic growth at any cost, not only emphasizing at least basics for the needy, but lavish life for the majority of people is destructive. In doing so, we risk deepening other forms of poverty that are just as critical to human well-being.

Countries like Bhutan have redefined prosperity by prioritizing the well-being of citizens over material wealth with the Gross National Happiness Index. Other indicators such as the Genuine Progress Indicator and the OECD’s Better Life Index measure success by integrating environmental health, social connections and life satisfaction. Another indicator, the Happy Planet Index prioritizes sustainability and happiness over material wealth, while the UN’s Human Development Index incorporates health, education, and living standards. 

Movements like Minimalism, Degrowth and Post-Growth Economics have evolved as critiques of prioritization on materialistic economy. They have redefined prosperity that does not depend on endless consumption. Living a life with fewer belongings and more purpose is encouraged by Minimalism. Post-Growth and Degrowth advocates on reducing economic activities to protect natural ecosystems and people’s well-being. These movements have questioned whether wealth accumulation actually raises living standards, particularly when it comes at the expense of the environment and social cohesion.

The excessive focus on economic growth has resulted in chaotic patterns of migration, both within and across nations. People move in pursuit of better economic opportunities, yet doing so often accelerates the breakdown of social ties, the loss of cultural identity and dignity, and the degradation of the environment. This unrestrained economic growth has led to pollution, deforestation and biodiversity loss. One of the most alarming consequences of overemphasizing economic growth is climate change, due to carbon emission and environmental destruction as by-products. Extreme weather events like floods, droughts, wildfires and rising sea levels are becoming more common, leaving vulnerable communities to bear the brunt. Our carbon footprints have increased due to the world’s obsession with production and consumption, causing an unsustainable resource use and global health catastrophe.

Hidden costs

Poverty manifests in many forms beyond the economy. There’s time poverty, where individuals are so overburdened with work that they have no time for themselves or their loved ones, also leading to health poverty. Environmental poverty results from our relentless pursuit of economic growth leading to overconsumption, overproduction and destruction of the natural ecosystems, leaving a degraded Earth to future generations. Migration and modernization driven by economic pursuits have eroded cultural traditions and weakened the community bond resulting in sociocultural poverty. People frequently have a tendency to leave behind the sense of community, dignity and tradition that enhance their lives when they relocate.  This fragmentation can lead to feelings of isolation and loss of identity. The rising crisis of mental health issues like anxiety, depression and loneliness exacerbated by the pressures of contemporary life is also reflected in mental poverty.

The paradox is that, while chasing economic wealth, we are depleting other forms of wealth that are essential for human survival. How much longer do we overlook these costs? If economic growth is achieved at the expense of these fundamental human values, life is not progressing at all. It is a debt we are passing on to future generations. Economic prosperity is only one dimension of progress. By focusing exclusively on it, we miss the true richness of life: our relationships, cultural heritage and our mother Earth on which we depend.

Valuing richness of life

It is vital to realize and never forget that there are other indicators of a nation’s richness besides economic poverty. In Nepal, we are blessed with an abundance of stunning natural beauty, pleasant climate, rich cultural heritage, and deep social ties. These are fundamental components of a high quality of life and not just pleasantries. We ought to be proud of these facets of our national identity rather than feeling ashamed of our financial situation, which we need to work on. We are wealthy in ways that many so-called “economically rich” countries are not. In some countries, people can’t spend much time outdoors due to extreme weather, cultural traditions have been eroded by modern life, and social isolation, crimes and shootouts, and mental health issues are rampant. Despite their economic prosperity, these nations are poor in other equally important aspects.

This is not an argument against economic progress, instead, advocating for a more balanced strategy that cherishes every facet of human existence. We should strive to improve our economic conditions while also appreciating our charismatic nature, rich culture and wonderful community we owe. We must resist the temptation of obsessing over materialistic growth and consumerism, understanding that true prosperity involves a harmonious balance between social, cultural, environmental and economic well-being. 

A holistic vision

As we envision the future we wish to create, let’s move beyond solely concentrating on economic growth. Instead of chasing economic prosperity at the expense of life’s richness, let’s pursue true prosperity, which encompasses holistic aspects of life. By shifting our mindset away from valuing money above everything else, we can break free from the cycle of overconsumption and restore harmony to both our planet and our lives. We can ensure that the Earth or the richness of life are not sacrificed in our quest for materialistic richness. 

Let’s acknowledge the close relationship between our well-being to the well-being of the planet, and it’s’ all inhabitants. By addressing poverty in all its forms, we can create a world where everyone has enough: time, resources, and social connections to live in harmony with nature and with each other.

Now is the time to act, before it’s too late. Let’s redefine what it means to be truly wealthy, not just in economic terms, but in every dimension of human existence. Only then can we build a future that is sustainable, inclusive and fulfilling for generations to come.

The author is a senior researcher at ForestAction Nepal

Nepal and Canada are holding bilateral talks today.

Minister for Foreign Affairs Arzu Rana Deuba, who is in Ottawa to attend the 'Women's Foreign Ministers Meeting' to be held in Toronto, Canada, on October 19 and 24, is scheduled to hold talks with a delegation led by Canadian Minister of Foreign Affairs Mélanie Joly.

According to the Embassy of Nepal in Ottawa, Foreign Minister Deuba is scheduled to attend a meeting with the office-bearers of the Canada-Nepal Parliamentary Friendship Group at the Parliamentary Hill and a reception to be hosted by the Embassy on the occasion of the National Day.

Minister Deuba, who arrived in Canada on Tuesday to attend the meeting at the friendly invitation of Canadian Foreign Minister Jolie, was received at The Montreal International Airport by Nepal's Ambassador to Canada Bharat Raj Poudyal, Nepali embassy staff as well as courtesy officials of the Canadian government.

Nepal's monthslong festival season began on Tuesday with tens of thousands of devotees pulling a wooden chariot with a young girl revered as a living goddess.

Families gathered for feasts and lit incense for the dead at shrines. Men and boys in colorful masks and gowns representing Hindu deities danced to traditional music and drums, drawing throngs of spectators to Kathmandu's old streets.

The Indra Jatra festival marks the end of the monsoon and rice farming season and signals the dawn of fall. It's celebrated mostly by the Newar community, the native residents of Kathmandu. It is also known as the festival of deities and demons and especially honors Indra, the Hindu god of rain.

The masked dancers, one of the highlights of the ceremony, can be fearsome, entertaining and awe-inspiring, depending on the performers' movements.

Kumari, a young girl who is revered by both Hindus and Buddhists in Nepal as a living goddess, left her temple palace and was driven around the center of the capital in a wooden chariot pulled by devotees, who lined up to receive her blessing. Among the spectators were President Ram Chandra Poudel, officials and diplomats.

The weeklong Indra Jatra precedes months of other festivals in the predominantly Hindu nation. They include Dasain, the main festival, and Tihar, or Diwali, the festival of lights, in November. AP

Once a new government is installed in Kathmandu, deliberations on Nepal-India relations take the center stage of national politics.  However, attempts have been made for a long time to find a permanent solution to the problems seen in Nepal-India relations. Be it the border dispute or the friendship treaty of 1950 and others, there have been a long series of discussions between the two countries. In this context, the Eminent Persons Group’s (EPG) report is currently being discussed in Nepal at a level that has once again achieved par. After the formation of the new government consisting of the Nepali Congress and CPN-UML, when the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Nepal, Arzu Rana Deuba went on an official visit to India, questions were raised about whether Minister Deuba would raise the issue of the EPG report. Same concerns were raised with the erstwhile governments. While releasing a book written by one of the members of EPG, Suryanath Upadhyay; on Sept 7, PM Oli expressed his belief that the Indian prime minister would receive the EPG report, despite the fact that the current government does not appear to have made a formal comment on it. The prime minister’s commentary carries meaning in bilateral matters, whether it is at a book launch or in other casual settings. Importantly, it has extra significance because the current prime minister and India have a turbulent past.

Is it accurate, nevertheless, that this report is being discussed aggressively in Nepal? In what way does this report matter for Nepal? Shall Nepal be adhered to this report? The purpose of this article is to depict how, during the last six years, the EPG report has been seen as an enigma and what path Nepal needs to tread on.

Formation and flux

In the year 2011, when Baburam Bhattarai was the prime minister, during his visit to India, the proposal to form EPG was made public through a joint statement. The purpose of the proposal was to further strengthen multi-dimensional relations between the two countries. The then prime minister of India, Manmohan Singh, also agreed to this. Five years later, in 2016, there was a formal agreement on the formation of EPG. After the announcement of the EPG, the group held a meeting in Kathmandu and formally started the study. The mandates assigned to the EPG were to analyze previous treaties, mostly the 1950’s treaty and agreements between the two countries. In a similar vein, to suggest essential actions to improve the social-economic, political, and cultural ties as well as mutual trust between the two nations.

Likewise, suggesting other areas required for fostering and bolstering friendship between the two countries, as well as institutional frameworks for ties and steps to eradicate cross-border crime while boosting peace, prosperity, and cordiality. The EPG held a total of nine meetings in both countries and approved the report of the EPG in 2018. On behalf of Nepal, Bhekh Bahadur Thapa (coordinator), Rajan Bhattarai, Nilambar Acharya, and Suryanath Upadhyaya were members. Bhagat Singh Kosiari (coordinator), Jayanta Prasad, Mahendra P Lama, and Bhuvanchandra Upreti, members from India, are in the group. The EPG members agreed to submit the approved report to the Prime Minister of India first and then to the Prime Minister of Nepal. After six years, the Indian side has not received the report.

Following the adoption of the 2015 Constitution of Nepal, the UML, led by KP Sharma Oli, formed the government. The Nepali Congress was out of power. The Madhesh-centric parties were agitating because of dissatisfaction with the fast-tracking of the constitution. Nepal and India's political ties were not harmonious. Given this context, the formation of the EPG between Delhi and Kathmandu was created purely for ‘political face saving’ of each side. The agitated Madhes based parties resisted the formation of the EPG without a broader consultation. The EPG was meant to assess the boundary between India and Nepal, but instead it is controlled by leftists, with not a single person from borderland included. The formation of EPG and its procedure seems to be divisive prima facie inside Nepal.

Don’t be stuck; be strategic 

Despite the political and diplomatic ups and downs, there has been no decrease in the intensity of economic exchanges and people-to-people relations between the two countries.

The India-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship  was signed by the last Rana prime minister of Nepal, Mohan Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana, and the then Indian ambassador to Nepal, Chandreshwor Prasad Narayan Singh on 31 July 1950 and came into force the same day. However, the Treaty of 1950 was engulfed in controversy before its ink had even dried. That controversy kept coming to the surface from time to time. The controversy mostly comes from ‘communist-oriented intellectuals’ and from those who believe in the nationalism shaped by the late king Mahendra. As a result, this issue remained an important issue in the relationship between the two countries. Undoubtedly, the treaty signed by the prime minister from the Nepalese side and the Ambassador from the Indian side reflects prima facie inequality. Similarly, in the report of EPG, Nepal has put forward a proposal that some articles of the peace and friendship treaty of 1950, such as 5, 6, and 7, are not up-to-date.

The way the Nepali members of EPG have been leaking  the contents of the report in various programs from time to time shows how impatient the members are, and it also cannot be said that there will be no influence of other external forces against India while the EPG study is going on. As some of Nepal's former foreign ministers and members of EPG sometimes make irresponsible comments in programs organized by various NGOs and institutions, Nepal should now make this report public, albeit unilaterally. This appears to be strategically weak and a violation of EPG’s privacy. This will only give India a space to act more tactically.

By the time the EPG group is formed and it completes its studies, India has a government led by Narendra Modi. During this period, a government was formed in Nepal under the leadership of KP Sharma Oli, Pushpa Kamal Dahal, or Sher Bahadur Deuba. However, none of the prime ministers have been proven instrumental in handing over the EPG report. In the recent past, UML Chair Oli, who led a powerful and stable government and became the main opposition, raised the issue of EPG from the rostrum in the Parliament, but this report was not prioritized even during Oli's tenure. Now is the time, and like the EPG members, the prime minister who understands the seriousness of the relationship between Nepal and India should discuss the relationship between the two countries better than commenting in informal forums. The jingoism between Nepal and India should be ended by fundamentally solving the enigma of EPG.

Incidentally, the Nepali Congress, the largest party of Nepal, is also in the role of an ally in the journey of driving the country along with the Oli government. The current coalition government can hold talks with the government of India. Finally and above all, it seems relevant that everyone remembers the analogy given by diplomat Madhurman Acharya to India in relation to Nepal. He depicts in his book, Nepal World View: ‘India is a kalpbriksha, the tree that gives you the fruit you wish. If handled carefully, India provides many solutions to Nepal’s problem. But when the wrath of the bigger neighbor becomes difficult to manage, it can be the source of trouble as well.’

@randhirJNK