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“A politician thinks of the next election. A statesman thinks of the next generation.” – James Freeman Clarke

In the vibrant tapestry of Nepali politics, the rise of social media has woven a new thread that intertwines the voices of the past with the aspirations of the future. As James Freeman Clarke poignantly stated, “A politician thinks of the next election. A statesman thinks of the next generation.” This wisdom resonates deeply in today's digital age, where platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube have transformed political engagement, allowing citizens to actively participate in shaping their democratic landscape. Social media serves as both a megaphone for the marginalized and a battleground for ideologies, reflecting the diverse tapestry of Nepali society. While it has empowered individuals to voice their concerns and mobilize movements, it has also introduced complexities that challenge the integrity of political discourse.

Rise of social media in Nepal

The advent of the internet and smartphones has significantly increased social media usage in Nepal. As of 2024, more than 11m Nepalis are active social media users, with Facebook being the most popular platform. This widespread adoption has changed the political landscape, offering politicians and citizens a new arena for engagement.

Positive impacts of social media on Nepali politics

Enhanced political participation: Social media has made it easier for Nepalis to participate in political discourse. Citizens can now voice their opinions, share concerns, and engage with political leaders directly. This increased interaction fosters a more informed and engaged electorate.

Amplification of marginalized voices: Historically marginalized groups in Nepal, such as ethnic minorities and women, have found a platform in social media to share their stories and advocate for their rights. This has led to greater awareness and action on issues that were previously overlooked.

Rapid information dissemination: News and information about political events, policies, and scandals can spread quickly through social media. This rapid dissemination helps keep the public informed and can lead to swift accountability for political leaders.

Grassroots mobilization: Social media has been instrumental in organizing protests and movements in Nepal. The 2015 Madhesi Movement and the 2019 #JusticeForNirmala campaign are examples where social media played a critical role in mobilizing citizens and drawing international attention to local issues.

Campaigning and voter outreach: Political parties and candidates use social media for campaigning and voter outreach. These platforms allow for targeted messaging and direct interaction with voters, making campaigns more efficient and personalized.

Negative impacts

Spread of misinformation and fake news: The unregulated nature of social media has led to the rampant spread of misinformation and fake news. False information can mislead the public, create panic, and influence election outcomes unfairly. During the 2017 general elections, numerous fake news stories circulated, causing confusion among voters.

Echo chambers and polarization: Social media algorithms often create echo chambers, where users are exposed only to content that aligns with their beliefs. This can reinforce existing biases and deepen political polarization, making it harder for people to engage in constructive dialogue.

Cyberbullying and harassment: Political discourse on social media can sometimes devolve into cyberbullying and harassment. Political activists, especially women, often face targeted harassment, which can discourage them from participating in political discussions.

Manipulation and propaganda: Political actors may use social media to spread propaganda and manipulate public opinion. Tactics such as paid trolls and bots are employed to create false narratives or discredit opponents. This undermines the authenticity of political discourse and can lead to mistrust in the democratic process.

Privacy concerns and data misuse: The collection and misuse of personal data on social media platforms raise significant privacy concerns. Political campaigns can exploit this data to micro-target voters with tailored messages, potentially infringing on individual privacy rights.

Case studies

Covid-19 response and vaccine hesitancy: During the Covid-19 pandemic, social media played a significant role in disseminating information about the virus and vaccination efforts in Nepal. While it was a vital tool for spreading awareness and health guidelines, it also became a breeding ground for misinformation about the virus and vaccines. False claims about vaccine safety led to hesitancy among certain groups, complicating the government’s efforts to achieve widespread immunization. Social media campaigns were eventually launched to counteract the misinformation and encourage vaccination, showcasing both the potential and pitfalls of these platforms.

#JusticeForNirmala campaign: The tragic rape and murder of Nirmala Panta in 2018 led to widespread outrage in Nepal. The #JusticeForNirmala campaign gained momentum on social media, pressuring the government to take action and ensuring that the case received national and international attention. This campaign demonstrated how social media could be leveraged to seek justice and accountability.

#NoNotAgain movement: In 2021, the #NoNotAgain movement gained traction on social media, calling for an end to the repeated election of the same old political leaders who had failed to bring about significant change. This movement, largely driven by young Nepalis on platforms like Twitter and Facebook, highlighted the power of social media in galvanizing public sentiment and pushing for political accountability. The movement forced political parties to reconsider their candidate selections and address the demands of the younger generation.

Balancing the double-edged sword

Given the significant influence of social media on Nepali politics, it is crucial to strike a balance between harnessing its benefits and mitigating its harms. Here are some recommendations:

Media literacy and education: Increasing media literacy among the public can help individuals critically evaluate information and recognize misinformation. Educational programs should focus on teaching citizens how to verify sources and discern credible information from falsehoods.

Regulation and accountability: The government and social media companies should collaborate to establish regulations that curb the spread of misinformation and protect user privacy. This includes implementing strict policies against fake news, hate speech, and cyberbullying.

Promoting inclusive dialogue: Efforts should be made to encourage inclusive political dialogue on social media platforms. Initiatives that bring together diverse voices and foster respectful conversations can help bridge the polarization gap.

Supporting ethical journalism: Supporting independent and ethical journalism is essential in providing accurate and unbiased information. Journalists can use social media to reach wider audiences while adhering to journalistic standards of truth and integrity.

Leveraging technology for good: Technology should be leveraged to enhance democratic processes. Innovations such as fact-checking tools and AI-driven moderation can help identify and mitigate the spread of false information.

Conclusion

Social media’s influence on Nepali politics is profound, acting as both a catalyst for democratic engagement and a conduit for misinformation. While it has empowered citizens and amplified marginalized voices, it has also introduced challenges that need to be addressed to preserve the integrity of political discourse. By promoting media literacy, establishing regulations, and fostering inclusive dialogue, Nepal can harness the positive potential of social media while mitigating its negative impacts. Ultimately, balancing these factors will ensure that social media continues to serve as a powerful tool for democracy, accountability, and social change in Nepali politics.

Throughout history, human society has experienced major transformative changes. From the age of hunting and gathering to the present era of the internet and advanced technology, the evolution of professions and careers has been a significant aspect of human life. Change is inevitable for progress, yet not all changes lead to positive outcomes. 

A new trend has emerged in the global workforce in recent years, with a growing number of individuals opting to change careers. This phenomenon has also been observed in Nepal, where many people are making transitions to new professions for various reasons. This raises the question: Is changing careers a beneficial or detrimental endeavor? In the context of our ever-evolving society, the concept of change is not new. However, what sets this current trend apart is the palpable shift from mere modernization within a specific occupation to an entire career change. This shift has prompted contemplation about the underlying reasons and motivations for such transitions. Are individuals unsatisfied with their current roles? Is financial gain the primary driving force behind these career changes? Or is there a deeper desire to diversify and excel in multiple areas? These questions have sparked curiosity and led to introspection on the part of many. 

Engaging with individuals who have recently transitioned to new careers reveals a common theme: the pursuit of multi-talent. The modern generation seeks to expand their knowledge and expertise beyond a single domain. The notion of being proficient in only one skill is perceived as limiting and unfulfilling. Instead, individuals aspire to be knowledgeable in various professions, desiring to seamlessly shift between different roles throughout the day. While the pursuit of diverse skills is not inherently negative, the frequency of career changes may pose potential challenges. It is imperative to ponder on the implications of this trend. Several factors have contributed to the rise of this trend. Job satisfaction, individual personality, the incongruence between one's job and innate nature, lack of incentives in current roles, the pervasive influence of social media, and the allure of instant fame have all played a role in shaping this phenomenon. The desire for recognition and popularity is not inherently problematic; however, the rapid attainment of fame can have significant psychological consequences. 

Early and abrupt fame and success bring with it a myriad of pressures and could potentially result in mental health challenges. The pursuit of multiple endeavors simultaneously may not be conducive to sustainable success and well-being. It is crucial to reflect upon these factors and their potential long-term impact. The contrast between pursuing expertise in a specific area versus engaging in multiple fields becomes evident when examining the lives of renowned figures in history. Consider Albert Einstein, a foundational figure in the realm of science. Had he diverted his attention to sociology, economics, and other fields, the world may not have benefitted from his pioneering contributions to theoretical physics. Similarly, Alfred Marshall’s acclaimed status as an economist would have been compromised had he dabbled in various domains of knowledge. These examples underscore the value of dedicating oneself to a particular field, achieving expertise, and garnering recognition over time. 

Individuals who invest substantial time and effort in a single profession are more likely to achieve prominence and financial stability. Becoming an expert in a specific area and gaining recognition within that field is a commendable pursuit, offering long-term rewards. The narrative of achieving success by juggling multiple pursuits simultaneously may not always lead to sustained prosperity and recognition. Focusing on a single discipline allows individuals to establish themselves as authorities in their respective domains, thereby enabling them to secure financial stability and professional recognition. 

In conclusion, the trend of changing careers reflects a desire for multi-talent and expertise across various domains. This shift has been influenced by factors such as job satisfaction, individual personality, the influence of social media, and the allure of instant fame. While the pursuit of diverse skills is commendable, it is essential to carefully consider the potential challenges and long-term impacts of frequent career changes. History has shown that dedicating oneself to a specific field and achieving expertise over time is a viable pathway to success and recognition. By carefully weighing the implications of these trends, individuals can make informed decisions about their careers and strive for sustainable and enduring success.

The author is counseling psychologist at PICS NEPAL

Do you remember the comfort food your mother made when you were sick? For many in Nepal, that dish was ‘jaulo’, a simple yet soothing rice and lentil porridge that remains a staple in Nepali kitchens. It holds a special place in the hearts of most Nepalis, much like its variations do in other cultures—‘khichadi’ in India, British kedgeree, and Italian risotto.

For me, jaulo is more than just food. It’s a warm, comforting hug from my mother. Whenever she made jaulo, it was more than a meal; it was a gesture of love, a remedy for any ailment, mood, or weather. My mother always knew when jaulo was needed. Whether it was a chilly day, someone in the family was feeling under the weather, or she just couldn’t decide what to cook, jaulo was the go-to dish. It was a staple in our household, often served for breakfast, lunch, or even as a snack. Her cooking was simple, quick, and easy, yet it tasted like nectar to us.

The recipe for jaulo is remarkably straightforward—one part rice, three parts lentils, and six parts water, with just turmeric and salt for seasoning. However, the magic lay in the tempering, which varied based on what was available at home. My mother loved using mung daal, but she was flexible and used whatever lentils were on hand. Seasonal greens were often added, giving the dish a fresh twist.

The tempering was the soul of her jaulo. She always used garlic and whole red chilies, tempered in ghee, which gave the dish its distinctive aroma and flavor. Depending on the lentils, she would vary the spices, sometimes using mustard seeds, ajwain (carom seeds), fenugreek seeds, cumin, and occasionally asafoetida (hing), which was my favorite. On special occasions, she would add jimbu (Himalayan chives), making the dish absolutely delicious.

Once, when I missed her jaulo terribly, I called her for the recipe. Trying to recreate it from memory, I realized the key was in the details—how she balanced the spices, the exact timing of adding ingredients, and the love she poured into every pot. Jaulo is more than just a dish. It encapsulates the essence of home, a mother’s love, and the simplicity of comfort food that warms the heart and soul.

Each bite of jaulo is a nostalgic journey back to my childhood, bringing with it the warmth and security of my mother’s kitchen. Whenever I cook jaulo now, I’m transported back to those days when my mother’s cooking made everything better. Her jaulo was not just food—it was a symbol of her care and affection, a dish that could heal and bring joy no matter the circumstances.

Jaulo and its global cousins

Rice and lentil dishes have been a staple in many cultures worldwide for centuries. From the comforting Nepali jaulo to the British kedgeree and the Italian risotto, these dishes share a common base of rice and lentils or legumes, but each brings unique flavors and cultural significance. Here’s a look at some of these beloved dishes.

Nepali jaulo
Jaulo is a simple yet nutritious dish central to Nepali cuisine. Traditionally consumed during Maghe Sankranti, it’s believed to have cleansing properties and is often prepared with minimal ingredients. The basic recipe includes rice, lentils, water, turmeric, and salt, with optional additions like vegetables and spices.

Indian khichadi
Khichadi, often referred to as Khichdi or Khichari, is a staple across India, known for its simplicity and ease of digestion. This dish is particularly associated with comfort during illness or monsoons. It typically includes rice, moong dal (split yellow mung bean), and a variety of spices, sometimes with added vegetables.

British kedgeree
Kedgeree is a dish that evolved during the British colonial era in India, inspired by the traditional Indian khichari. It typically includes smoked fish, rice, and eggs, seasoned with curry powder and garnished with fresh parsley. Kedgeree combines the protein of fish and eggs with the carbohydrates of rice, providing a hearty and nutritious meal.

Italian risotto
While not traditionally made with lentils, risotto shares the same comforting and hearty nature as jaulo and khichadi. It’s made with arborio rice, known for its creamy texture, and often includes ingredients like mushrooms, seafood, or saffron. Risotto provides energy from carbohydrates and can be enriched with various proteins and vegetables, making it a versatile and nutritious dish.

Rice and lentil dishes like jaulo, khichadi, kedgeree, and risotto are cherished across different cultures for their simplicity, nutritional value, and comforting nature. Each dish reflects its unique cultural heritage while sharing a common foundation of rice and legumes or complementary ingredients. These dishes not only provide sustenance but also carry historical and emotional significance, connecting generations and regions through their enduring appeal.

As the world becomes more health-conscious, these humble dishes continue to hold their place on our tables, reminding us of the warmth and love that come with a home-cooked meal. Whether it’s the Nepali jaulo or its global cousins, each dish offers a comforting taste of home, wherever that may be.

The author is a UK-based R&D chef

If you want to be fit but don’t have time to head to the gym, there is help available in the form of workout apps. While many apps come with costly subscriptions, there are plenty of free ones that provide you just the tools you need to start your fitness journey. Here are our top three favorite ones to get you started.

Caliber

The group and individual workouts come at a price but Caliber’s free version has a vast library of more than 500 exercises. There are additional resources and tools to aid your fitness journey that are completely free. Each has a demo video, detailed instructions, pictures showing you which body parts are involved in which exercise. Also, the app allows you to track your progress by recording and charting strength and body metrics like your weight, waist size, and body fat percentage.

Fiit

Available in both paid and free versions, this app is a treasure trove. The app has over 2,000 workouts ranging from strength training to cardio to yoga. The good thing is that the free version gives you unlimited access to all group classes. You can also invite family and friends to join. The workouts are of different lengths. Some are as short as 10 minutes while others, like the full body workout, last for an hour or longer. Most of the workouts are designed in a way that requires no equipment, just your body weight will do. 

Nike Training Club

This is a free exercise app that features a clean interface and a large library of individual workouts and on-demand classes. It will be helpful for users of all fitness levels. But you will need some basic equipment like dumbbells, kettlebells, and some gym equipment to take part in many of the workouts available here. Even if you are going to the gym, this app can be a handy tool to guide you through the workouts. Nike Training Club will help you develop strength and endurance.