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The ongoing debate surrounding Nepal’s Civil Service Bill raises concerns about the effectiveness of bureaucratic reforms and their potential to improve public service delivery. While the bill is a step toward modernizing the Civil Service Act, many argue that it fails to address the core issues plaguing the bureaucracy, including inefficiency, lack of motivation, and poor service delivery at the local level. The real question is whether the bill will bring about meaningful change or simply become another bureaucratic hurdle.

A decade has passed since the promulgation of the Constitution, yet the Federal Civil Service Act, has not been passed. The lack of this foundational law has contributed significantly to the problems at the local level. For example, while municipalities are designed to be self-governing entities, they face severe staffing shortages and inefficient resource management. The education branches of municipalities, such as those with 15 schools, are staffed with just four positions, including a deputy secretary, while rural municipalities with over 80 schools face similar issues. These staffing arrangements are meant to be a solution but have instead become a significant source of dysfunction.

Moreover, senior employees are often posted under junior subordinates, violating principles of natural justice and further exacerbating internal tensions. The mechanical process of adjusting staff has created more problems than it has solved, and currently, over 300 municipalities are struggling with administrative failures, which have become a chronic issue in the federal system.

The root causes of bureaucratic inefficiency are complex and multifaceted. Are employees demotivated because they lack a working environment conducive to productivity? Is it because they don’t have clear career development paths or feel marginalized in decision-making processes? These questions must be addressed before any meaningful reform can take place.Without a proper working mechanism and clear standards for promotion, transfer, and career development, employees often lack the motivation to perform at their best. Additionally, the public service system in Nepal remains highly politicized, with leaders often selecting personnel based on political loyalty rather than merit or competence. This system leads to inefficiencies, as unqualified individuals are placed in key positions, affecting the overall functioning of government bodies.

The current Civil Service Bill fails to tackle these deep-rooted issues. While it introduces provisions regarding the appointment of administrative heads in municipalities, the role of the provincial secretary, open competition quotas, and retirement age, these measures do little to address the fundamental problems within the bureaucracy. By focusing on these surface-level changes, the bill misses the opportunity to bring about real structural reform.

Currently, many employees in Nepal’s civil service are trapped in a system that does not reward merit or effort. Career progression is often determined by political considerations rather than performance, leading to widespread dissatisfaction. Moreover, the lack of effective leadership and clear communication further contributes to poor morale within the bureaucracy.

A cultural shift is needed within the civil service, one that prioritizes professionalism, accountability, and public service over political loyalty. This can only be achieved through comprehensive reform that goes beyond changes in the law and addresses the underlying values and systems that govern bureaucratic behavior.

The Civil Service Bill, as it stands, fails to address the core issues within Nepal’s bureaucracy. To improve public service delivery, governance, and development, a more comprehensive and thoughtful approach to reform is needed. The bill must go beyond surface-level changes and focus on creating a civil service that is motivated, accountable, and capable of meeting the needs of the people.

Ultimately, the key to improving bureaucratic performance lies in addressing the root causes of inefficiency, such as political interference, lack of motivation, and ineffective career development systems. If these issues are not tackled head-on, any new law or bill will simply perpetuate the existing problems rather than solve them. 

Climate change has been an unprecedented challenge of the global community, imposing a threat to the well-being of the present and the future generations. While it affects everyone, some groups based on their social, economic and cultural status face even greater risks. UN Resolution 77/276 has requested the International Court of Justice to render an advisory opinion regarding the obligations of the state and the legal consequences on the issue of climate change. In the statement before the International Court of Justice, Nepal pointed out its negligible contribution of 0.027 percent to the global emission of greenhouse gases, and render the need of principle of common but differentiated responsibility and international equity, while also asking for the specific consideration to even more vulnerable groups, namely, women, persons with disabilities, minorities and indigenous people. The words are bold and loud, Nepal seeks for environmental justice.

Poverty and environment

Environment cannot be preserved or promoted in the conditions of poverty. According to the Fourth Nepal Living Standards Survey 2022-23, 20.27 percent of the population lived under the poverty line in 2023 in Nepal. This sheer condition reflects the need for more development, industrialization, infrastructures and resources. Nepal has even more challenges than the developed countries to improve the conditions of the life of people including food, shelter and housing without despoiling the nature and the beauty of the environment. Additionally, climate change has been “the payment we are making for a bad ‘karma’, we did not create”. The harsh environmental conditions have only added to the woes to the poor, thanks to the drought, flood, landslides and other natural calamities leading to the decline in food production, dried up water resources, damaged infrastructure, decimated ecosystems, destroyed lands and livestock. The crises of climate change have been only the burden to Nepal, already struggling to uplift the living conditions of the people. Thus, there must be more equitable sharing of environmental costs and greater international interest in the sustainable development, environmental protection and meeting the requisite of the people.

Equity and justice

While taking the voice of the vulnerable groups to the global forum, the behavior of the state to achieve fairness, equity and the elimination of discrimination in environmental benefits and burden is crucial. Infrastructure and significant development projects in Nepal are often carried out without meaningful consultation of the affected indigenous communities or minorities. The participation of women, people with disabilities and minorities are often undermined in the decision making processes related to environmental policies, regulations and projects. One of the prominent examples is the recent Pathibhara Cable Car Project which sparked heavy protest as it threatened the destruction of indigenous land, trees, vegetation and animals of ‘Mukkumlung’, undermining the Limbu Culture and the sovereignty of the local people. Many scholars even raised the question over the necessity of the project. 

The women, indigenous communities, and ancient Nepalese culture have always been near to the environment and its protection in its lifestyle and way of life. The harms caused by the developmental projects on the natural and cultural resources are long-term, and cannot be just weighed in the narrow financial terms. So, Nepal itself has the obligation to make sure its laws, plans and policies do not adversely affect the indigenous and other vulnerable groups, and their environment. After all, everyone is liable to the vulnerability and oppression of the minorities unless their rights are respected, protected and fulfilled. Development projects are cardinal in order to ensure that everyone acquires all the means of the basic needs required for the sustenance and well-being. It can be possible only if the state is concerned enough to adapt the co-existence in harmony with nature, utilizing the natural resources without exploiting and destroying them haphazardly, based on equitable and egalitarian approach, and most importantly, not limited to the shining black letters.

Paradigm shift in the environmental justice

It cannot be forgotten that, in any kind of justice, equality is not enough, and liberty is also essential for the attainment of any goal including environmental protection and sustainable development. Enablement is a certain illusionary system and mechanism to keep people living in injustice leaving them totally dependent for their existence and ultimately grinding them down their self-worth and self-respect. Differentiating it with the mechanism that helps an individual lift out of poverty and their condition, and become a full independent person is utmost necessary. Nepal’s laws, plans and policies must go beyond the vicious cycle of dependency to development of the capacity with the realization of rights, potential and freedom. 

The most difficult part about having a home is not remembering to pay the bills and taxes or the annual maintenance but the day-to-day chore of keeping it clean. With so much dust and pollution and the chaos of everyday life, your home is bound to get dirty and unkempt if you neglect to clean it regularly. While a good wipe down often does the trick to tackle dust on tabletops and counters, a home collects grime in neglected corners like window sills and frequently used items like appliances and if it’s left for too long, it can not only be difficult to clean but also emanate strange smells and make your home seem off. But a thorough cleaning isn’t possible every day so what do you do? We are here to help. Here are some simple ideas and remedies to keep your home fresh and clean day after day with minimal effort.

Schedule weekly tasks

One of the easiest ways to tackle build up and grime in forgotten corners like for example behind the microwave and fridge, and the topmost shelves in your living space is to create a schedule to decide when you will clean these hard to reach places and stick to this plan. You can assign each member of your family a specific task so that the burden doesn’t fall on any one particular person. You can also schedule one difficult task every day. For example, on Monday, you clean the hard to reach places like behind the fridge and dresser, on Tuesday, you tackle the coffee maker and microwave, and so on. The idea is to break it down into simple weekly jobs so that you aren’t overlooking anything.

Keep your home smelling nice

Oftentimes, we only dust and clean and forget about the murky smell lurking in our homes. And no, we don’t just mean the bathroom. Your home has to smell nice to have a freshness to it. Fragrances can also help keep insects and pests at bay. There are different ways to keep your home smelling nice. The simplest way is to boil water on the stove, add orange peel and some cloves to it and let it simmer for an hour. The fragrance that will waft through your house will be invigorating as well as help keep common house pests like ants and spiders away. Another way is to dry flowers and herbs from your garden and sprinkle them with some essential oils like lavender or night jasmine and keep little sachets of these in various corners around the house.

Vacuum the upholstery and curtains

All of us only vacuum the carpets and neglect to attend to the curtains and upholstery but these fabrics also tend to gather dust and become grimy over time. It’s a good idea to run the hoover through these as well when you are cleaning the carpets.You can also use an iron to steam these from a distance after you are done vacuuming them to freshen them up. Alternatively, sprinkle some baking soda on the sofas and cushions and let it sit for a few minutes before vacuuming them. This will also freshen up your upholstery and give it a clean finish. Use a wet toothbrush to clean the nooks and crannies of the sofa by simply running it through them. You’ll be surprised to see how much hair and dust will have collected in these spaces without you having noticed a thing.

Declutter regularly

An oft-overlooked part of keeping a clean home is definitely decluttering. Most of us have way too much stuff that we need and we keep buying and bringing things into our home without having used so many things that we already own. Multiple notebooks, multiple flower vases, multiple extension cords, and multiples of almost everything, that is the situation of most homes. Over time, you will not only run out of space but all these items will gather dust while being useless and give your home a cluttered and cramped feel. Regular decluttering and getting rid of what you don’t use by choosing to donate things that are in working condition is a good way to keep your house organized. Get into the habit of putting things back in their place once you are done with them and take a few minutes at the end of the day to tidy up frequently used areas like the kitchen and living room. 

Just as life ends when breath ceases, relationships crumble when trust is lost. Trust is the highest form of inspiration one can receive in life. It is an inseparable pillar of happiness and meaningful connections. Whether in personal bonds or professional ties, trust holds immense significance. The very fabric of the world and creation rests on the foundation of trust and faith. To be trusted is to be relied upon.

Yet, one-sided trust lacks stability and can swiftly turn into disappointment. Trust, which takes years to build, can shatter in an instant. At times, repairing broken trust may require a lifetime. True trust finds its meaning in mutuality. Like the two wheels of a chariot, mutual and selfless respect strengthens trust, making it enduring and effective. 

Where trust exists, hope thrives, and confidence is nurtured. Without trust, there is neither hope nor belief. Trust is akin to a mirror—it never lies. Just as a mirror reflects what is placed before it, trust reveals the truth of a relationship. It has no fixed shape, color, or structure; it resides in feelings and confidence. The moment reasons are sought to justify trust, doubt begins to creep in. When trust is shaken, confidence wavers and suspicion enters, creating cracks that eventually break relationships apart. 

Human nature and cultural upbringing influence the weight we assign to trust and the distance we place in reliability. Trust should not be granted simply because someone confides in us. The same person who shares secrets with us may also betray ours. Trust is shaped by tendencies and possibilities. It is the foundation of relationships, which are intertwined with life's many facets—joy, sorrow, happiness, pain, hatred, greed, attachment and selfishness. As life unfolds, so does the expansion of trust and relationships. 

Trust is the fruit that grows on the tree of relationship. Its sweetness stems from the qualities of reliability. Hope and despair determine the quality of trust and faith, which in turn shape the longevity and depth of relationships. Intentions also play a crucial role in sustaining trust. It is often said that in love, war, and politics, anything is acceptable. Thus, the formation and dissolution of relationships are often dictated by circumstances. Trust and faith without principles are fragile. A healthy relationship should be like hands and eyes—when the hand is hurt, the eyes weep, and when the eyes tear up, the hands wipe them away. 

Trust and faith are deeply intertwined with emotional connections. Trust built on lies and illusions is destined to collapse, while relationships grounded in truth and trust endure. Trust is also a reflection of one’s nature. A trustworthy environment fosters morale and positivity. The thread of trust and faith can be incredibly strong or perilously fragile, depending on the circumstances. Faith in trust is like nectar, nourishing relationships, while doubt is poison, eroding goodwill and love. Self-centered trust and deceptive faith can irreparably destroy relationships. 

The wound of broken trust strikes directly at the heart. It shatters emotions and transforms sweet relationships into bitterness. The invisible scars left by broken trust are among life’s most damaging. Countless tragic stories have been written in the ink of suspicion—families have been torn apart, relationships have crumbled and social values have been disrupted. Professional and familial ties have been irreparably damaged. 

A relationship without trust is like life without oxygen. Even if a broken staff of trust is mended, it can never regain its original strength. Failing to place trust and faith wisely leads to suffering. Life is a blend of happiness and sorrow, light and darkness. Blind trust and faith can be perilous. Trusting everyone indiscriminately or trusting no one at all—both are signs of failure. Suspicion is always an inherent possibility in trust and faith, but the issue lies not in suspicion itself, but in how it is perceived. If left unresolved, suspicion can turn golden moments into ashes, weakening individuals and preventing them from reaching the pinnacle of success. 

Where does trust reside? On bright days or dark nights? The comfort of deep sleep often eludes us during the day. Eyelids that close in anticipation of dreams cannot rest in daylight, nor do they favor the light. Emotional wounds disrupt sleep, leaving one tossing and turning, a wet pillow alternating between warmth and cold. It is said that even fire can burn in water, and those who understand time can freeze fire with ice. Rather than relying on fate, those who place trust in their actions seldom remain unhappy. Those who transform tears of pain into strength move through life with resilience and grace.