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Sumnima Setling calls herself ‘Amazumi’. The name is inspired by the Amazon rainforest and the struggles of the ‘Yanomami’ tribe and the way of the indigenous lifestyle. The name reflects the strength and connection to nature which is the foundation of her identity. “When I perform on stage, it feels like I have the whole world in my hands and the name is what gives me that energy or power,” she says.

Born in Hong Kong, she has been traveling to different countries for various purposes. After spending her formative years in Nepal and Hong Kong, she decided to study journalism in India. She was just 17. She explored storytelling through various mediums, gaining invaluable experience in the world of performance, theater, and visual storytelling that later shaped her career in music.

“My dad’s younger brother gifted me an electric guitar and encouraged my musical endeavors. I played in every school band, performed in plays, dances, karaoke contests and concerts,” she adds, explaining how she got interested in music.

When she was in England, she immersed herself in a vibrant community of musicians and rappers. The experience of participating in rap cyphers opened her eyes to the freedom of expression inherent in rap music—a stark contrast to the structured limitations she felt in journalism.

Her foray into Hip Hop happened in 2019 after being selected in De Nieuwe Lichting, a nationwide music competition in Belgium. The experience of performing on a stage previously graced by Kendrick Lamar solidified her passion for music. “I realized that through my art, I could channel my emotions, past, and cultural heritage into something powerful,” she says.

Amazumi’s musical style is a captivating blend of nu metal, and rap. Growing up, she was influenced by alternative rock, grunge and nu-metal, genres that reflect raw emotion and authenticity. “For people to truly grasp the weight behind a word like ‘Hangma’ (Queen in Limbu language), recognize lines from a Bhailini song (that I perform in an unreleased track) and feel the warmth and pride that I have experienced in Nepal hits differently,” she says.

Her music is characterized by aggressive sounds yet empathetic lyrics that demand a certain level of energy from her audience. Her performance often incorporates elements from her Nepali roots, with occasional Limbu and Nepali words that enhance the authenticity of her narratives.

Amazumi says her music is deeply personal, drawing from her life experiences, struggles, and triumphs. She channels her repressed feelings and emotional turmoil into her art, creating a powerful connection with her listeners. This emotional depth is particularly resonant in her performances, where she feels an almost transcendent connection to her audience, a feeling she describes as being ‘possessed’ by the music.

“Navigating the music industry as a woman presents unique challenges, particularly in a genre often dominated by male artists. I acknowledge that the struggle for recognition can be twice as difficult for women rappers, yet I believe that the quality of their music often surpasses expectations,” she says. “Women often don’t get paid on time and they don’t get paid enough which is another challenge.”

She confesses that initially her family was skeptical about her musical aspirations, viewing it as a mere hobby. However, their perspective has shifted as she began to establish her career. Today, her parents’ encouragement is a source of strength.

Her journey in music reached a pivotal moment when she performed in Nepal, where she felt a deep connection with her audience. The appreciation and recognition she received were transformative, solidifying her identity as an artist. Her lyrics, particularly in her native languages, creates an emotional bond with listeners, allowing her to reclaim her narrative and redefine success.

“I want my audience to feel like they can create their own identity and do whatever they want and follow the passion and utilize the freedom in music,” says Amazumi. She wants her audience to feel like they are being transported to a different world when they are at her concert.

Apart from her involvement in the music industry, she loves theater and wants to create a new platform for young girls who want to pursue rap music. Her journey, she says, isn’t just about personal expression. It’s a celebration of heritage, empowerment, and the transformative power of art. Drawing strength from her experiences across continents—from stories learnt of tribes fighting for their land and culture in the lush landscapes of the Amazon rainforest as well as her own native land of Yakthung people to the vibrant rhythms of Nepal and thriving artistic communities in Belgium—Amazumi’s music and storytelling have an authenticity that is unmatched.

In addition to her musical endeavors, Amazumi is committed to fostering a sense of community and empowerment among aspiring female artists. She co-organized the “God is a WOMAN” hip-hop festival in The wonderland, a celebration of all female talent that garnered significant support from the Embassy of Switzerland. This initiative not only showcased incredible female artists but also inspired young girls in Nepal to pursue their dreams in a male-dominated industry.

Amazumi’s dedication to her craft and community reflects her belief in the transformative power of music. She actively engages with her audience, sharing stories and experiences that resonate on a personal level, creating a safe space for dialogue and connection. Her journey, marked by resilience and passion, is a testament to the power of art in bridging divides and fostering understanding. Through her music, she not only shares her own experiences but also amplifies the voices of those who often go unheard.

As Amazumi continues to evolve as an artist, she remains deeply connected to her roots, drawing inspiration from her past while forging a path into the future. With each performance, she captivates audiences, reminding them of the beauty of authenticity and the importance of storytelling in our lives. Amazumi is poised to leave an indelible mark on the music industry, a true embodiment of strength, creativity, and cultural pride.

Tihar is here and with that it’s time to entertain and indulge in some good food that you normally wouldn’t have the time to make. Food isn’t just something to fill your tummies with, it can be a way to foster connection and bond with family and friends. But what can you serve that doesn’t come in a box, won’t make you guilt-ridden because of the holiday weight gain, and is quick and easy to make? Here we have four ideas that might be able to help you get started on your festive meal prep.

Sooji halwa

Sooji halwa is a pudding made of semolina and all you need is three ingredients: Sooji, ghee, and sugar. It’s super easy to make. You just have to fry sooji in ghee till it’s light brown in color, add sugar and then let it simmer in water for a bit. You can replace sugar with jaggery and add some dry fruits if you want. You can batch make this dish and keep it in the fridge to dole out when guests arrive. Serve it hot or cold depending on your preference. If you want to take it up a notch, try making gajar ko halwa or moong dal halwa. The process is pretty much the same.

Masala peanuts

Who doesn’t love a savory snack especially at a time when the sweet stuff is all that you are offered everywhere you go. A really simple thing you can do is buy some peanuts and mix that with chopped onions, tomatoes, garlic, ginger, add some basic spices and salt, sprinkle some lemon juice and a mouthwatering snack is ready in minutes. You can also skip the other ingredients and just sprinkle spices, salt, and lemon over plain peanuts if you want a basic flavor.

Coconut barfi bites

Here’s a simple recipe for a mithai that feels indulgent and healthy at the same time. Mix all-purpose flour, cocoa powder, baking powder, and 1/4 teaspoon salt. In a large bowl, whisk together melted butter, sugar, and brown sugar. Add three eggs one at a time and a teaspoon of vanilla. Combine the dry and wet ingredients and whisk. Bake for 20 to 22 minutes. Once the barfi cools down, top it up with a mixture of shredded coconut, sweetened condensed milk, salt, and ground cardamom, and refrigerate for 15 minutes before cutting into bite-size pieces to enjoy.

Mango lassi

Lassi is basically a cross between a milkshake and a smoothie. Mango lassi is a simple thing to make. All you need is about equal amounts of mangoes and creamy full-fat yogurt, a little ice, and a high-powered blender to combine these ingredients into a delicious treat. You can replace the mangoes with any other sweet fruit like bananas, strawberries, or papaya and the result is just as spectacular. There is no hard and fast rule about how thick or thin your lassi needs to be. It depends on how you want it to be. But it helps to make it thinned out enough to be drinkable through a straw.

Standing in the forests at the foothills of mountains across Asia, Australia, and parts of Africa, hungry insect-eating birds seem to cry out: “Where have all the insects gone?” To their surprise, the weaver ants have devoured them all. These reddish, giant ants swarm the forest floor, feasting voraciously on insects—a familiar scene often portrayed in nature documentaries. Weaver ants consume so many insects that they leave little to nothing behind for the birds.

A team of scientists, led by Umesh Srinivasan from the Centre for Ecological Sciences at the Indian Institute of Science, found that in the foothills of mountain ranges across the world where weaver ants reside, the number of insect-eating birds is low. “Oecophylla [weaver ants] and insectivorous birds have highly overlapping diets,” said Srinivasan, Assistant Professor at CES. “As a result, where Oecophylla ants are present at the base of mountain ranges, the species richness of insectivorous birds is low, while the species richness of all other birds is high.”

Srinivasan, who researches climate change and bird interactions in the eastern Himalayas of India, was ignited to explore the relationship between weaver ants and insect-eating birds after a colleague in Darjeeling, India, prevented these ants from infesting trees. It was found that trees without weaver ants had more insects than those with ant infestations. Srinivasan said he had been curious ever since learning about the experiment, especially since weaver ants are considered the “oldest biological control agent.” He noted that Chinese farmers have long used weaver ants in their orchards to control insects and pests. “So they’re very effective insect predators,” added Srinivasan.

So, Srinivasan’s team categorized birds into three groups: insect-eating, omnivorous (which eat both insects and fruits), and fruit- and nectar-feeding. They then analyzed global datasets on bird elevation and recorded the lower and higher elevations at which birds lived in the observed mountain ranges. Afterward, they counted the number of bird species at different elevations in each mountain range and correlated it with the presence of weaver ants.

The research team found that where weaver ants are present, the number of insect-eating birds was lowest at lower elevations, with the bird population stabilizing only after reaching an altitude where the ants no longer exist. The population of these birds peaked at mid-elevations, around 900 meters, which is “over 400 meters higher than in mountains without Oecophylla,” the researchers wrote in their paper published in August in Ecology Letters. They also observed a “similar but weaker” pattern for omnivorous birds, with their population peaking around 700 meters higher, indicating that omnivores are less affected than insect-eating species. For other bird species, Srinivasan noted, “species richness is highest at low elevations,” suggesting that fruit-eating birds are not significantly impacted by the presence of weaver ants, as their population peaks at lower altitudes and steadily declines with increasing elevation.

“Birds eat a lot of things. Some species eat only insects, some eat only fruits, others are omnivores, and some are scavengers like vultures,” Srinivasan explained. Since weaver ants fiercely compete with insectivorous birds for the same food, only a few insect-eating birds thrive in areas where the ants are present: “Less food, less birds.” 

For hundreds of years, people have proposed numerous ideas to explain the causes behind the uneven distribution of species across elevation gradients: “Temperature, rainfall, area, and various other environmental factors,” Srinivasan said. Another factor is competition between species for resources, which Srinivasan noted hasn’t received much attention—especially competition between species that are distantly related to each other. In fact, the researchers also analyzed factors like precipitation and productivity, but they found these had less impact on the birds compared to the influence of the ants!

This new research—which exposes the link between weaver ants and insectivorous birds—is significant because it presents a new perspective on the question of why species numbers vary in different parts of the world, which is a “fundamental scientific curiosity,” added Srinivasan. Furthermore, he emphasized the rapidly changing global climate that is pushing species higher up the elevation gradient. “Because of rising temperatures, species are shifting their ranges to higher elevations,” he added. “This is not migration; this is actually a permanent shift in the range of species to higher elevations,” Srinivasan clarified. “So if these ants shift their ranges upwards, what will happen to the bird communities?”

Ben Freeman, a biologist at the Georgia Institute of Technology who was not involved in the study, told Science Magazine that he considers this new hypothesis “a big-time idea, that it’s ants that shape insect-eating bird communities.” Although Freeman finds the idea interesting, he expressed a desire to see it tested experimentally in the future.

“This is a pattern that is consistent with one hypothesis,” Srinivasan added. “It's difficult to get proof of a hypothesis like this when what you’re actually asking questions about are at the global scale.” He stated that since it is extremely challenging to prove this hypothesis through large-scale experimental studies, “We can only say that this might be one of the reasons why we see a difference in species richness patterns across a global scale.”

As Tihar approaches, vendors across Nepal face the challenges of rising costs and shifting consumer habits. This has led to economic uncertainty during this festive season. Shreya Shrestha of ApEx talked to three shop owners regarding their views on the present economic status.

Sonu Tamang, 28

I’ve been selling these flowers for two years, and it’s tough to care for them because they wither quickly. I’m a street vendor and I don’t have any equipment to keep them fresh so I have to get them from the dealer every day. There are many flowers in the market and the prices are considerably low yet customers continue to bargain, which can be disheartening. I normally sell flowers till the end of the Tihar because everyone needs them as they are needed in many rituals. These days people also grow their own flowers which means fewer customers.

Sandeep Khaitu, 39

We have been running a family business for nearly three years. There is no fixed number of sweets that we sell every year. It varies. People have different tastes and want different things. So its hard for us to decide what to focus on. The most popular sweets are rasbari, lal mohan, barfi, and laddu. But the ingredients required to make these sweets are becoming increasingly expensive, making it harder to sell them at prices that consumers might consider reasonable.

Nhiche Bahadur Prajapati, 72

My wife and I have been making things with clay for quite some time. We make diyo (traditional oil lamps) and many other household items out of clay. We are planning on making more diyos for Tihar because people use them during Laxmi Puja and Mha Puja. The raw material is quite expensive because we have to buy it from different vendors. Mud was once found locally but with so much construction going around, it’s difficult to source it these days. We have to raise the cost of our products accordingly and so now they are quite pricey.