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The Commission for the Investigation of Abuse of Authority recently marked the International Day against Corruption with the slogan ‘UN-CAC at 20; Uniting the World Against Corruption’. 

Despite high-sounding slogans, corruption remains pervasive in Nepal and a legal provision in the Commission for the Investigation of Abuse of Authority Act-1991 even prevents CIAA from investigating certain government decisions, including ‘policy decisions’, apart from nexus between powerful elements of our society.   

Section 4 (B) of the CIAA Act states: “The Commission, pursuant to the Act-1991, shall not take any action in matters relating to any business or decisions taken at meetings of any house of Parliament or of any committee or anything said or done by any member at such meetings, or any policy decisions taken by the council of ministers or any committee thereof or judicial actions of a court of law.”

If such controversial provisions are not amended or done away with altogether, nobody can curb corruption in this country, given the tendency to misuse the provision on ‘policy decisions’ to make legally questionable decisions and avoid legal action, among others. Existing corruption laws, particularly the CIAA Act, and Prevention of Corruption Act should be immediately amended to control corruption, which poses a grave threat to democracy, human rights, good governance and the rule of law. 

Ulla Termacs, Danish minister for development co-operation, rightly states: “Corruption in the form of bribery and misuse of public funds is a major obstacle to democracy in many of the world’s poor countries.’’ 

Back to the Big Day. Prime Minister Pushpa Kamal Dahal said on the occasion that his government was committed to ending corruption in coordination with public and private sectors, and civil society members. However, he did not touch upon the topic of legal amendments necessary to combat corruption. 

Apparently, this type of rhetoric is good for raising awareness to end corruption, but never sufficient to end the scourge itself. 

What’s more, corruption has become cancerous in Nepal, so one or two constitutional-legal provisions are unlikely to offer a complete cure, though the measure may be able to curb it a bit. Political will is what is needed to fight this scourge. 

It will be contextual to quote Bhimrao Ambedkar, father of the Indian Constitution, in this context: “However good the constitution may be, if those who are implementing it are not good, it will prove to be bad. However bad a constitution may be, if those implementations are  good, it will prove to be good.” 

PM Dahal correctly stated on the occasion that controlling corruption will be difficult without internalizing international anti-corruption conventions and without making suitable changes in our education policy to spread the message in society that corruption is unacceptable.

If corruption continues to thrive in our country, there will be no room for good governance, the rule of law, progress, prosperity and human rights. 

Our country has witnessed countless corruption scandals, including the infamous Lalita Niwas land grab, the Ncell scam, the 60-kg gold smuggling scandal and the Bhutanese refugee scam, thanks to the association of some powerful names. Much has been written about these shameful chapters. 

Nothing is transparent except corruption in this country and nothing more rampant than corruption, thriving as it is under some very powerful noses. Moreover, policy-level corruption has tarnished the image of the country nationally and internationally. Officials of relevant agencies seem helpless in fighting corruption because they have the obligation to serve their political masters, who appoint them on their respective parties’ quotas. 

Appointment of political parties’ near and dear ones in important positions is also a reason behind unabated corruption. If the parties and the government are serious about controlling corruption, they should discontinue this practice and appoint deserving candidates instead.  

All this takes the ball back to the Prime Minister’s court. 

The PM, who also happens to be the contact agency for the implementation of the UN General Convention against Corruption, should wake up to the threat that corruption poses to the country and do every bit to put an end to it. 

The author is a former vice-chair of Transparency International Nepal

India’s Minister for External Affairs S Jaishankar is arriving on Thursday for a two-day official visit to Nepal. The main objective of his visit is co-chairing the 7th meeting of India-Nepal Joint Commission, the highest body mandated to review the entire issues concerning bilateral partnership and direct the concerned authorities to remove the bottlenecks, if any.

Though established in 1987, the commission remained largely inactive till 2014. It resumed the work thereafter, albeit irregularly. Foreign ministers of the two countries co-chair this mechanism. The commission is set to review the overall state of bilateral relations and various areas of mutual cooperation between Nepal and India, according to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.  

Jaishankar will also meet President Ram Chandra Poudel, Prime Minister Pushpa Kamal Dahal and other prominent political leaders during his stay. Regarding the visit, India’s Ministry of External Affairs has said that Nepal is a priority partner of India under its Neighborhood First Policy and that the visit is in keeping with the tradition of high-level exchanges between two close and friendly neighbors.

The commission meeting is expected to be instrumental in further enhancing the economic and development partnership between the two countries. 

The Indian external affairs minister visiting Nepal also holds political and diplomatic significance. Though India still has a deep influence in Nepal’s internal politics, over the past few years, it has been maintaining a low-profile regarding Nepal’s internal political situation. As the Dahal-led government—backed by India—is becoming unpopular and there are strong voices inside the Nepali Congress for a change in government, Jaishankar will also try to read the pulse of Nepali politics during his sojourn. Prime Minister Dahal wants the continuation of New Delhi support to keep the current coalition intact.

Jaishankar is arriving on the heels of a flurry of visits mainly from the US and China.  In 2023, there was a series of visits to Nepal by high-level US officials and the representatives of Communist Party of China. Compared to the US and China, visits from and to New Delhi were few. The Narendra Modi government naturally has geopolitical and strategic concerns, given the interests shown to Nepal by Washington and Beijing of late.

New Delhi is wary of growing Chinese influence in Nepal and is closely watching Kathmandu’s relationship with Beijing. It is also concerned over the Kathmandu-Washington ties, even though India and the US share similar interests with Nepal, particularly countering China’s influence.  

India’s ruling Bharatiya Janata Party and its sister organizations, including the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, also have a special interest in Nepal at a time when some political parties and groups are campaigning for the reinstatement of Hindu state.

Development and economic partnership between Nepal and India is gaining momentum after Dahal’s ascension to power. During Dahal’s India visit in May last year, there was notable progress between Nepal and India on energy cooperation. India has agreed to purchase Nepal’s electricity and also allow import to Bangladesh via India. Several connectivity projects between the two countries, including Raxaul-Kathmandu railway, also made significant strides.  

Former Ambassador and political analyst Bijaya Kanta Karna says Jainshankar’s visit should be taken as a continuation of Prime Minister Dahal’s India visit.

During his India trip, Dahal focused on building trust at the top political level and focusing on economic partnership while keeping the key contentious issues at bay.

 Karna said The energy cooperation in particular has given the message to the international investors that there is an appropriate environment for the investment in Nepal. He added that the visit by the Indian external affairs minister will reinforce the development and economic partnership between the two countries.  

The former Indian ambassador to Nepal said that the key purpose of Jaishankar’s visit is to review the bilateral relationship and, in particular, to strengthen mutually beneficial economic partnership.

The previous six meetings of the commission were held in New Delhi last year. These meetings discussed boundary and border management, connectivity and economic cooperation, trade and transit, power and water resources, and culture and education, among other issues. 

In the last few years, Nepal and India signed around 25 MOUs and agreements in various sectors of bilateral cooperation, including transit, petroleum, capacity building, railways, border infrastructure, education and electricity.

Key issues 

• Long-term power trade 
• Trilateral power agreement 
• Transmission lines 
• Pancheshwar Multipurpose Project 
• Trade and investment 
• Extension of MotihariAmlekhgunj petroleum pipeline in Chitwan and Siliguri 
• Cooperation in the agriculture 
• Boundary
• Air entry point  
•  Problem of flood and inundation
• Small-grant development projects 

Rajin Maharjan, a filmmaker based in Kathmandu, has been in the spotlight since 2010 when he started working as a visual editor and animator. Transitioning seamlessly into creative writing and ad film direction, he has become a sought-after creative director in Nepal, particularly for social development organizations.

 Maharjan is dedicated to the promotion of Nepal Bhasa, adding a culturally resonant layer to his creative portfolio. Through captivating advertisement songs and other innovative approaches, he contributes to the preservation and promotion of Nepal Bhasa, showcasing its richness and relevance in contemporary storytelling. In a conversation with Evana Manandhar from ApEx, Maharjan spoke about his creative journey and cinematic expertise and his wish to shape the landscape of Nepali filmmaking through interesting collaborations.

 What are the challenges faced by Nepali cinema that limit its global exposure?

 Nepali cinema faces several challenges that limit its exposure and appeal beyond its borders. One significant obstacle is the industry’s limited visibility on the global stage, hindering its capacity to reach a broader international audience. Production quality, encompassing aspects like cinematography and special effects, poses another challenge.

Despite language differences, successful Hindi and South Indian films have demonstrated that compelling storytelling and high production values can transcend linguistic boundaries. The Nepali film industry has to actively address language concerns through measures such as subtitling or dubbing. The industry’s limited participation in major international film festivals and difficulties in securing international distribution hinder its market access.

Nepali cinema could benefit from international collaborations, improved film education, strategic marketing, diversification of themes, and continued government support. Active participation in international film festivals can also enhance visibility and facilitate distribution deals. The industry needs to adapt and implement these strategies to enhance its global presence.

Do you have some advice for aspiring filmmakers in Nepal?

Begin by investing in a comprehensive education in filmmaking, mastering the various aspects such as directing, scriptwriting, cinematography, and editing. Networking is equally important, as establishing connections within the industry through events, festivals, and workshops can lead to collaboration and mentorship.

Start with smaller projects to gain practical experience. Use digital platforms like YouTube and Vimeo to showcase your work globally. Stay attuned to industry trends and technologies, incorporating them into your craft. Actively seek collaborations, value feedback, and be open to constructive criticism. Attend film festivals, both locally and internationally, to gain exposure and recognition. Craft stories that are authentic to Nepali culture yet possess universal themes. Understand the business aspects of filmmaking, including funding and distribution, and consider seeking mentorship from experienced professionals. Persistence, resilience, and a willingness to learn from failures are essential qualities on the path to success. Embrace technology to your advantage, taking advantage of affordable equipment and editing software. Most importantly, maintain a passion for storytelling and a commitment to continuous improvement, as success in the film industry often stems from a combination of talent, hard work, and strategic planning.

How do you stay connected with your audience and receive feedback for your work?

Staying connected with the audience and receiving feedback is important to improve my skills. Feedback channels include community forums, where discussions provide insights into audience reactions, and dedicated feedback platforms that allow for more structured input. Informal channels such as comments on social media or conversations with friends contribute to understanding how my work resonates with viewers.

I recognize that feedback is inherently diverse, reflecting individual perspectives and preferences. Comments may encompass a wide range of opinions, including those with liberal viewpoints. This diversity of feedback is invaluable in gauging audience reactions, identifying strengths and weaknesses in my storytelling, and refining my artistic approach.

Engaging with audiences on social media platforms allows for direct interaction, fostering a sense of connection and providing a platform for fans to express their thoughts. Whether positive or constructive criticism, this feedback helps me understand the impact of my work and guides decisions for future projects.

How do you see the future of Nepal Bhasa in the context of your work and the broader cultural landscape?

The language’s future is intrinsically tied to audience engagement and support, as sustained interest and appreciation for content in Nepal Bhasa can encourage its continued use in creative works. Educational initiatives, including its inclusion in curricula, and government and institutional support for linguistic diversity are vital factors that can shape the language’s trajectory. The digital era offers opportunities for Nepal Bhasa to reach a global audience through subtitled or dubbed content on digital platforms, fostering a broader understanding and appreciation. Collaboration, adaptability in storytelling, and a commitment to cultural preservation are key elements that can collectively contribute to ensuring a vibrant future for Nepal Bhasa.

What challenges do you face in promoting Nepal Bhasa, and how do you address them creatively?

One significant challenge lies in the potential limited audience reach, as the language is specific to the Newar community. To address this, I explore innovative storytelling techniques and themes that resonate universally, ensuring that the cultural richness conveyed through Nepal Bhasa becomes an accessible and engaging experience for a broader audience. Another challenge is the need for subtitles or dubbing to make the content inclusive. Collaborating with skilled translators and voice actors who can maintain linguistic nuances and cultural authenticity is important. Limited financial resources is another hurdle in the production of films or projects in Nepal Bhasa. I would seek creative financing solutions, such as crowdfunding campaigns or partnerships with cultural organizations that share a commitment to preserving linguistic diversity. 

Lok Raj Baral’s ‘Nepal: From Monarchy to Republic’ is a highly recommended read for everyone. Baral skillfully divides the book into chapters such as ‘The Native Construction of a Nation State’, ‘The Rise and Fall of Monarchy’, ‘Parties and Problems’, ‘Institutional Crisis of Governance’, ‘Problem of Democratization’, ‘Economics of Governance’, ‘Geopolitical Dimensions and Change’, and ‘Conclusion’.

Within the ‘Parties and Problems’ chapter, Baral adeptly elucidates the chronological progression from historical backgrounds to the current situation. His thorough exploration makes this chapter particularly engaging for theorists. However, in practical terms, some aspects might encounter limitations. There exists a disparity between understanding and experience—what one comprehends versus what one witnesses and encounters. I observed similar disparities between understanding and experiencing while reading this book. For instance, the key problems of Nepali political parties and leaders have not been mentioned in the chapter which will create problems for the upcoming generations to understand and find solutions.

In the chapter ‘Institutional Crisis and Governance’, Baral adeptly explores the insights of American political scientist Lucian W Pye and his four principal sources. It’s an important and highly recommended read. Additionally, the chapter delves into the controversy surrounding Rookmangud Katawal and Prime Minister Pushpa Kamal Dahal. However, despite its significance, I found that it still lacked a complete understanding and experience in grasping certain aspects of this chapter.

Entitled as it is, Baral delves into a comprehensive exploration and analysis of Nepal’s political parties and system, spanning from historical contexts to contemporary developments. Additionally, he lightly touches upon the country’s geopolitical relationships with neighboring nations.

Baral, a prominent theorist within the Nepali political sphere, has produced a highly commendable book that is a must-read for anyone interested in politics and seeking a deeper understanding of Nepali political dynamics. Within its pages, Baral adeptly elucidates and provides solutions for the country’s political landscape, drawing references from diverse national and international case studies.

What I saw in the book launch event:

• I wasn’t invited by the author or the publisher, however, upon the recommendation of one of the invitees, my friend Prem Kantha Makaju, I attended the book launch ceremony of Lok Raj Baral’s ‘Nepal: From Monarchy to Republic’ in Kathmandu on Nov 6. Former President Ram Baran Yadav graced the occasion as the chief guest.
• At the podium, Baral’s students and well-wishers were present, while in the audience, Daman Nath Dhungana, Dr Mohan Prasad Lohani, and Kedar Bhakta Mathema among others were in attendance. 
• The audience murmured that it would have been better if these personalities had been offered a seat at the podium and given a few minutes to share their remarks.
• Only those who spoke positively about Baral were on the podium to share their thoughts; critical analysis was notably absent from their speeches.
• Economist and MP from Rastriya Swatantra Party Swarnim Wagle was noticeably held in high regard by Baral.

The author is a member of the Supreme Court Bar and has been practicing corporate law for around three decades