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Over the past two weeks, former president Bidya Devi Bhandari has reentered the spotlight of national politics for two main reasons.

First, Bhandari attended a CPN-UML function in Kathmandu for the first time since her retirement, addressing an audience of five thousand UML women cadres. Second, media reports suggested she renewed her UML party membership, which she had relinquished after becoming president in 2015. However, neither the UML nor Bhandari has confirmed this.

Following these reports, some lawmakers questioned whether Bhandari could continue receiving state benefits if she renewed her party membership. Nonetheless, since her retirement, she has chosen to reside in her private home, declining the government's offer of official residence.

Tika Dhakal, Bhandari’s former advisor, refuted the media claims, calling them false and aimed at tarnishing her image. Dhakal emphasized that Bhandari does not need formal membership to participate in party activities and would renew her membership openly and transparently if she chose to do so—and with significant party support.

UML leaders close to Bhandari suggest her return to active politics is possible and not prohibited by the Constitution. They believe she would be a unifying figure within the party and a prominent national leader due to her clean image and widespread acceptability.

Speculations about Bhandari’s political comeback began even before her retirement. In a notable instance, during an informal gathering before her departure from Sheetal Niwas, leaders like UML Chairman KP Sharma Oli and then Prime Minister Sher Bahadur Deuba and CPN (Maoist Center) Chairman Pushpa Kamal Dahal asked her about potential return. Bhandari, however, avoided committing to such plans, leaving the decision open.

Political circles continue to buzz about Bhandari’s intentions. Some argue she leads an informal faction within the UML against Oli, although both she and Oli have remained publicly silent on this matter. It is believed that any political move by Bhandari would aim for consensus rather than conflict with Oli.

Second-tier UML leaders, such as Bishnu Pokhrel, Ishwor Pokhrel, and Shankar Pokhrel, are vying for leadership but might support Bhandari as a unifying figure. Given her legacy and broad acceptance, party leaders see her as a strong candidate for leading the party after Oli.

Bhandari has not ruled out a return to politics. In an interview with this journalist  in November last year, she said: “I have not made a decision regarding a return to active politics at the moment.”  As for Oli’s potential successor, the former president said it was “an internal matter” of the party.

“It is premature to discuss leadership after Oli, as we still have a long way to go before the convention,” said Bhandari, suggesting the UML members to focus on strengthening the party rather than hankering for power. 

Based on Bhandari’s statements and recent actions, it appears she might re-engage in politics by the next UML convention or before the 2027 elections. UML leaders believe she supports the unification of leftist alliances, which could see Oli as prime minister, Dahal as president, and Bhandari leading the party if a coalition is formed after the 2027 elections.

As a chef, my culinary journey has frequently brought me face-to-face with the versatile soybean, an ingredient deeply embedded in the culinary traditions of various Asian cuisines. Whether dining at a Japanese restaurant or exploring the diverse flavors of Pan-Asian establishments, steamed soybeans, known as edamame, often grace the table as a delightful appetizer.

These tender, young soybeans, typically served with a sprinkling of sea salt, provide a subtly sweet and nutty flavor that perfectly complements the delicate yet profound essence of Japanese cuisine. The simplicity of steamed edamame, combined with its nutritional benefits, exemplifies the elegance of Japanese culinary traditions, where minimalism meets flavor.

In stark contrast, my experiences at Nepali restaurants, particularly the traditional ‘bhatti pasal’ (local taverns), have introduced me to a more robust and richly flavored application of soybeans. Here, soybeans are often marinated in a blend of Nepali spices and herbs, creating a dish that is a harmonious balance of sour, hot, and naturally sweet flavors. This preparation, deeply rooted in Nepali culinary practices, highlights the soybean’s adaptability to different spice profiles.

The marinated soybeans, infused with ingredients like timmur (Sichuan pepper), turmeric, chili, and lemon, offer a tantalizing taste experience that is both complex and satisfying. This dish not only showcases the soybean’s versatility but also underscores its importance in regional cuisine, providing a nutritious and flavorful addition to the diverse Nepali food landscape.

The historical journey of soybeans, from their domestication in the 11th century B.C. China to their pivotal role in global agriculture today, mirrors their journey through the culinary world. Soybeans were introduced to the American colonies in 1765 as ‘Chinese vetches,’ but it wasn’t until 1804 that the term ‘soybeans’ appeared in American literature.

Initially grown for forage in the United States, soybeans' significance shifted dramatically during World War II. The disruption of trade routes led to an urgent need for edible fats and oils, propelling soybeans to prominence as a vital crop. Post-World War II, soybean production expanded into the Corn Belt, and by the mid-20th century, the United States had become a dominant force in global soybean production.

Today, the soybean’s journey continues as it adapts to new culinary and agricultural landscapes. From the edamame bowls in Japanese eateries to the spice-laden dishes of Nepali bhatti pasals, soybeans have transcended their agricultural origins to become a staple in kitchens worldwide. This humble legume’s ability to harmonize with diverse flavor profiles and meet various dietary needs ensures its continued relevance and popularity in both traditional and modern culinary practices.

As an R&D chef, my culinary exploration often leads me to uncover hidden gems within traditional cuisines. Bhatmas sadeko, a lesser-known but cherished dish from Nepal, holds immense potential to become a signature starter or appetizer in Nepali restaurants and among the Nepali diaspora. This nutritious, gluten-free, and vegan salad can easily transcend cultural boundaries and establish itself as a global delicacy, much like Indian chaat. Here, I present a refined recipe for bhatmas sadeko, along with its health benefits and its promising future in global dining.

Bhatmas sadeko has the potential to become a global favorite, akin to the widespread popularity of Indian chaat. Its versatility and adaptability make it a perfect fit for modern, health-conscious dining trends. Here’s why it could succeed on the global stage:

Nutritional appeal: As more people seek nutritious, plant-based options, bhatmas sadeko offers a tasty, protein-rich alternative that can cater to diverse dietary preferences.

Customizable flavor: The salad’s core ingredients can be easily adapted to local tastes and available spices, making it a flexible addition to menus worldwide.

Ease of preparation: With simple ingredients and straightforward preparation, bhatmas sadeko can be efficiently integrated into restaurant menus and home cooking routines.

Cultural representation: Introducing bhatmas sadeko to a broader audience helps showcase the rich culinary heritage of Nepal, promoting cultural diversity in global cuisine.

Bhatmas Sadeko is not only delicious but also packed with health benefits. It’s high in protein. Soybeans are a complete source of protein, providing all essential amino acids necessary for body functions. It’s rich in micronutrients. The salad is a powerhouse of vitamins and minerals, including iron, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, Vitamin K, and zinc. It’s also gluten-free and vegan and thus suitable for people with gluten intolerance and those following a vegan diet. Best of all, it’s good for heart health. The unsaturated fats in soybeans can help reduce bad cholesterol levels, promoting heart health.

Recipe

Ingredients:

• 1 cup dried soybeans
• 1 tbsp vegetable oil
• 1 small onion, finely chopped
• 1 medium tomato, finely chopped
• 2 cloves garlic, minced
• 1 inch ginger, minced
• 2 green chilies, finely chopped (adjust to taste)
• 1 tsp timmur (Nepali Sichuan peppercorn), crushed
• 1/2 tsp turmeric powder
• 1 tsp cumin powder
• 1/2 tsp red chili powder (optional)
• 2 tbsp fresh cilantro, chopped
• 1 tbsp lemon juice
• Salt to taste

Instructions:

Preparation of soybeans

Soak the dried soybeans in water overnight. Drain and rinse the soybeans. Pat them dry with a kitchen towel.

Pan frying soybeans

Heat vegetable oil in a pan over medium heat. Add the soybeans and stir-fry them until they turn golden brown and crispy. This should take about 10-12 minutes. Remove the fried soybeans from the pan and let them cool.

Mixing the salad

In a mixing bowl, combine the chopped onion, tomato, garlic, ginger, and green chilies. Add the crushed timmur, turmeric powder, cumin powder, and red chili powder (if using). Mix well. Add the cooled fried soybeans to the mixture. Drizzle with lemon juice and season with salt to taste. Toss everything together until well combined.

Serving

Garnish with fresh cilantro. Serve the bhatmas sadeko as an appetizer or side dish. It pairs wonderfully with crispy chips or as part of a larger Nepali meal platter.

Baral is a UK based R&D chef

The House of Representatives on Tuesday witnessed a heated debate as cross-party lawmakers raised multiple pressing issues that need immediate government attention. Foreign Minister Narayan Kaji Shrestha was absent, so Prime Minister Pushpa Kamal Dahal responded to the questions. 

One key topic was China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). PM Dahal reminded lawmakers that the BRI Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed in 2017 during his second term as prime minister.

In Sept 2023, during Dahal’s visit to China, the two sides held discussions on finalizing the BRI implementation plan. Nine months later, Dahal informed Parliament that the implementation plan is in its final stages and will be signed soon, although he did not specify the dates. Lawmakers expressed concerns about the potential debt burden on Nepal if loans are taken to finance infrastructure projects under the BRI.

PM Dahal reassured lawmakers that Nepal prefers grants over loans and, if loans are taken, they would be concessional to avoid a ‘debt trap’. He stated, “I have clearly told the Chinese side that Nepal cannot afford high-interest rates and prefers the same interest rates as the World Bank and Asian Development Bank.” 

Nepali Congress lawmaker Ram Hari Khatiwada requested that grants be prioritized over soft loans, emphasizing that any loan interest rates should not exceed 1 to 1.5 percent. Transparency regarding the interest rates of BRI loans is often lacking, with rates reportedly at two percent or higher.

Lawmaker Shishir Khanal from the Rastriya Swatantra Party argued that there should be parliamentary deliberations about the BRI agreements with China. Due to the lack of debate in Parliament, negative perceptions of the BRI have arisen outside of it, Khanal said.  While the two countries are negotiating the implementation plan, the government has yet to publicize it.

Lawmakers also questioned the PM about issues relating to India. Despite the report of the Eminent Persons Group (EPG) being almost inactive, PM Dahal assured lawmakers that efforts are underway to submit the EPG report to both sides. He acknowledged that he did not bring up the issue during his visit to India last year to avoid straining bilateral relations. Lawmakers also inquired about the ongoing map dispute with India and the progress made in diplomatic negotiations. PM Dahal stated, “Efforts are underway to resolve this issue through bilateral mechanisms formed to address boundary disputes.”

The issue of Nepalis trapped in the Russia-Ukraine war was prominently raised, but PM Dahal did not provide a clear answer about the government’s efforts. Unofficial figures indicate that around three dozen Nepalis who joined the Russian army have died, and hundreds are trapped in the war zone. The PM mentioned that both sides are in constant talks to resolve the problem and that a committee has been formed to provide recommendations on managing the movement of people between Nepal and Russia.

Recently, the government has faced criticism for recalling ambassadors before completion of their terms and violation of its own recruitment standards for new ambassadors. PM Dahal admitted these shortcomings and pledged that future appointments would be merit-based and better managed.

PM Dahal also faced questions about efforts to convene the SAARC summit, stalled since 2014. He attributed the delay to souring relations between India and Pakistan but did not mention the impact of recent developments in Afghanistan. He stated, “I have clearly talked with Indian Minister for External Affairs S. Jaishankar about the need to organize the SAARC summit, but India has indicated there are complexities involved.” With Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi taking office for a third consecutive term, fresh debates about the possibility of organizing the SAARC summit have emerged.

The PM also addressed questions related to Gorkha recruitment and the 1947 tripartite agreement among Nepal, India, and the UK. He emphasized the need to update the agreement in the changing context, based on national consensus. A section of Nepali politicians has long demanded the scrapping of the treaty.

Nepal faces a critical issue: A significant number of its youth are leaving the country due to the lack of employment opportunities that match their qualifications and interests. Work is essential for human survival, yet the Nepali job market fails to recognize and retain its talented youth. It struggles to offer appropriate remuneration, security and facilities, making it difficult for the country to retain its skilled and capable young workforce. Government rhetoric focuses on presenting data on youth migration and providing false hopes to those abroad, without implementing relevant policies to retain its own talents within the country. 

Global frameworks on labor

Article 23 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) 1948 states that everyone has the right to work under just and favorable conditions and to protection against unemployment. Article 6 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) 1976 further emphasizes the right to work, including the opportunity for individuals to gain a livelihood through freely chosen work. Article 7 ensures the right to just and favorable work conditions, including fair wages, safe working environment and reasonable working hours whereas Article 8 confirms the right to form trade unions. Various International Labour Organization (ILO) Conventions also cover issues like minimum wages, industrial relations, employment policy, social dialogue and social security.

Nepal ratified the ICESCR in 1991 but has ratified only some of the ILO standards.

National frameworks

The Constitution of Nepal defines a laborer as someone, who performs work for an employer in exchange for remuneration. Article 34 stipulates that every laborer has the right to appropriate work, fair pay, social security and the ability to form and join trade unions. The Labour Act of 2017 establishes minimum labor standards, including an eight-hour workday and 48 hours/week. It aims to ensure fair wages, safe working conditions and social security benefits, thereby fostering a more equitable work environment. The Labour Regulation of 2021 provides detailed guidelines for implementing these protections.

Securing labor rights
Despite the guaranteed frameworks, youth who remain in Nepal often face significant challenges in finding and retaining employment. Jobs that match their qualifications and interests are scarce, and unfair selection processes and office politics further hinder their prospects. Even when employed, workers often face exploitation, such as being forced to work extra hours without appropriate compensation or being unable to take leave without interference from employers.

Many employers exclude lunch hours from the official workday, effectively extending work hours to nine per day. Emotional pressure to work extra hours, framed as ‘learning hours’, is common, and those who resist face office politics. Although the Labour Act mandates overtime pay at 1.5 times the regular rate, and annual increments in remuneration, employers often manipulate these entitlements to the bare minimum.

Qualified youths are often reluctant to take on work that does not interest them. The job market is so misaligned that many employees work in fields unrelated to their academic qualifications. While changes in career interests can occur, it's crucial to consider the efficiency of professionals working outside their fields of expertise.

While laws guarantee the right to choose employment, in practice, there are limited options. Graduates, despite significant investment in their education, are often forced to take any available job to meet basic needs and ultimately leave the country for better opportunities. 

Way forward

The government must recognize that youth have no choice but to leave the country in search of sustainable livelihoods. Rather than expressing empty regrets about youth migration, the government should focus on creating policies that retain qualified, skilled, semi-skilled, and unskilled workers.

Proper legislation is significant to regulate advanced technologies like artificial intelligence and informal sectors like gig-economy, freelancing, e-commerce including ride-sharing, and food delivery. 

When such laws are particularly enacted, workers will have more opportunities to choose employment in these emerging fields.

Collaboration among the government, private sector, financial institutions, civil society and international NGOs is crucial to effectively implement labor laws. The Labour Act should be seen as a minimum standard, not a limit. Universally guaranteed human rights and constitutional rights should not be compromised at the employer's convenience.

Effective mobilization of trade unions is necessary to provide a platform for employees to voice concerns and improve work environments without bias. Office politics, which often targets women, especially those with family responsibilities or disabilities, must be dismantled. Ensuring an inclusive and fair workplace is essential to foster women’s leadership and retain talents within the country.

The author is an advocate