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With its wealth of natural beauty and hydropower resources, Nepal is at a turning point in determining its future in terms of both transportation and the environment. The need for sustainable alternatives has grown urgently due to the increasing effects of climate change, growing air pollution, and an increasing reliance on imported fossil fuels. Electric mobility, or ‘e-mobility’, is one of the solutions that is gaining traction and is a game-changer. With Electric Vehicles (EVs) now widely acknowledged as a global force for lowering emissions and changing urban life, Nepal has a strong chance to move toward a future that is cleaner, greener, and more economically resilient.

The nation’s trade deficit is largely caused by Nepal’s current transportation system, which is largely reliant on imported fossil fuels. Every year, the nation spends over $1.5bn on petroleum imports, a financial burden that is not sustainable from an environmental or economic standpoint. This reliance also makes Nepal vulnerable to changes in the price of oil globally and makes a substantial contribution to greenhouse gas emissions. Kathmandu has recently been ranked as the world's most polluted city by Swiss firm ‘IQAir’, with particulate matter (PM2.5) levels reaching hazardous levels. Vehicle emissions are the main cause of this pollution since they emit dangerous substances like carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and fine particulate matter (PM2.5), all of which are extremely dangerous to human health.

For Nepal, electric vehicles are especially sensible because of a number of built-in benefits. First, hydroelectric power accounts for more than 90 percent of the nation’s electricity production. Much of this clean energy is wasted during off-peak hours. By helping to absorb this excess power, particularly during nighttime charging, EVs can improve the sustainability and efficiency of the country’s electrical grid. Second, switching to electric vehicles from fossil fuel-powered ones can significantly lower the nation’s fuel import bill, saving millions of dollars in foreign exchange. The change may also boost regional businesses engaged in EV production, maintenance, and battery recycling, which would lead to job creation and economic expansion.

From a health and environmental perspective, the benefits of electric vehicles are clear. EVs have no tailpipe emissions, which would result in cleaner air, particularly within urban areas. Reduced exposure to air pollutants would translate to less respiratory disease and associated healthcare costs. Besides, Nepal has pledged under the Paris Agreement to reduce emissions and has set up a national target of achieving net zero emissions by 2045. A robust switch to electric mobility would take some way towards fulfilling these aspirations. On an individual level, EVs are also financially advantageous to consumers. With lower operating costs since electricity is cheaper than diesel or petrol and minimal maintenance needs, EVs are an economic choice in the long run.

In order to remain cognizant of these advantages, the government has introduced different policies that can provide a boost to electric mobility. These include reducing customs and excise duties on EVs, offering tax concessions to private and commercial users of EVs, and encouraging the usage of electric buses and three-wheelers for public transport. The government’s Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) include the following detailed targets: 25 percent of sales of private cars and 20 percent of public transport fleets to be electric by 2025 and 90 percent by 2030. To power these ambitions, charging infrastructure is being constructed in inner city areas. The recent Budget for fiscal year 2025/26 has reinforced confidence in the long-term adoption of electric vehicles (EVs), setting a target to replace imports of internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles with EVs by 2031. To support this transition, Finance Minister Bishnu Prasad Paudel announced that the existing tax structure for electric vehicles will remain unchanged.

Encouragingly, the EV industry in Nepal is gradually picking up. Metro cities, especially Kathmandu and Pokhara, have seen increasing EV adoption. International brands like Hyundai, Skywell, Tata, BYD, MG, Neta etc. have introduced models specifically tailored to fit Nepali roads and preferences. Electric two-wheelers and three-wheelers are also picking up with ease of affordability and usage for short distances. Public transport is also changing; electric buses have begun operating in cities like Kathmandu and Pokhara,

In spite of the encouraging momentum, there are a number of challenges as well. One of the biggest challenges is the lack of charging infrastructure. While there are some fast-charging stations in Kathmandu and in some of the main routes, the network is not enough to facilitate large-scale EV adoption. Convenient and reliable charging points are key to promoting long-distance travel and reducing range anxiety for users. Another challenge is the high initial cost of EVs. In spite of tax rebates, the initial purchase price remains unaffordable to most consumers. 

Public skepticism and unfamiliarity also slow adoption, especially in rural and mountainous areas where skepticism about EV capabilities remains. There are also some concerns regarding battery degradation and the absence of recycling or disposal systems for lithium-ion batteries on both environmental and logistical fronts.

To overcome these barriers, a multi-faceted approach is required that incorporates a broad-based effort. Expanding the EV charging network with public-private partnerships is the priority area. Offering incentives to businesses to install the same in shopping malls, hotels, and other public places can rapidly accelerate infrastructure. Charging public transport buses, microbuses, and three-wheelers would halve emissions. This can be accelerated through subsidies, low-interest financing, and public-private models with government and private players. Economic means such as subsidies to purchase a car, exchange schemes for old cars, and soft loans from banks and co-ops would also convince more people to switch.

Another crucial area is skill development. To maintain and operate electric vehicles, technicians, drivers, and mechanics need to receive training. Certification programs in EV maintenance and battery technology ought to be available at technical colleges and vocational schools. In addition to cutting costs, supporting domestic production and assembly of EVs and their parts can generate job opportunities. In order to encourage manufacturers and investors, the government can help with this by offering incentives like land grants, tax holidays, and infrastructure support. 

In Nepal, there are already a few effective electric mobility examples. Pioneers in this field were the battery-powered three-wheelers known as Safa Tempos, which were first introduced in Kathmandu in the late 1990s. They demonstrated that even in low-income environments, e-mobility was possible.

Similarly, Pokhara’s electric bus initiative with the assistance of development partners has developed a model for environmentally friendly public transport. These examples affirm the viability of electric mobility and the necessity of continuous innovation and support.

The private sector and civil society have played a decisive role in pushing the e-mobility agenda forward. Importers and dealerships have not only brought in EVs suitable for Nepal’s terrain but also provided essential services such as after-sales services and battery guarantees. Environmentalists and civil society groups have played a crucial role in awareness-raising and promoting cleaner air and green transport policies.

By 2030, Nepal could emerge as a regional leader in sustainable mobility. A practical and inclusive vision would include a nationwide network of EV charging stations, the complete electrification of public transportation in major cities, and EVs accounting for at least 50 percent of all new car sales. Local manufacturing of batteries and automobiles would boost the economy and further reduce costs. Strong coordination between government agencies, active private sector involvement, and extensive public engagement and education are all necessary to realize this vision.

In total, electric mobility offers Nepal a singular opportunity to address environmental, economic, and public health challenges with one solution. Endowed with ample renewable energy and a rising public dedication to sustainability, the country is poised to embrace EVs as a signature of its development model. Yet achievement will require not just vision but action through policy, infrastructure, education, and partnerships. With proper measures, electric mobility can indeed lead Nepal to a cleaner, healthier, and richer tomorrow.

It’s getting hotter by the day and with it we are facing a range of problems, like discomfort, lethargy, and increased thirst. But one thing that often goes unnoticed till it escalates and becomes unavoidable is the damage it does to our skin. From excessive tanning and dryness to clogged pores and shiny skin, there are many issues that the hot and humid months bring about and it’s important to adjust your regular skincare routine according to the weather. However, being mindful of some simple things can help tackle these problems and give you clear, glowing skin.

Don’t over cleanse

Since the humidity tends to make our skin oily, most of us end up cleansing or washing it whenever we can. Some people even wash their faces almost three to four times a day besides wiping their foreheads and cheeks with a handkerchief or tissue whenever it feels oily. The trick is to only wash your face once or twice a day and gently dab the oil with oil blotting sheets when it feels excessively oily. Wash your face with a mild cleaner every morning and evening. You can also skip the cleanser and just wash your face with plain water in the morning and use the cleanser in the evening only. It might take a little bit getting used to but over time, your skin will adjust to this pattern and regulate its oil production.

Use a lightweight moisturizer

Many people tend to skip the moisturizer during the summer months thinking it will make their skin even more oily but the fact is that using a moisturizer is crucial all year round. It helps lock in moisture and maintain and protect the skin’s natural barrier. Moisturizers also protect your skin from environmental stressors like sun damage, heat, and pollution. Did you know that dehydrated skin is more prone to breakouts and acne? Opt for a lightweight moisturizer according to your skin type. Look for gel or cream based moisturizers that are non-comedogenic, meaning it won’t clog your pores. Use a moisturizer after cleansing your face, every morning and night and put on a generous amount and gently rub it in. Doing this religiously will fix most of your skin issues over time.

Get a good sunblock

We all know the importance of sunscreen and that it should be used throughout the year. But to be honest we aren’t very disciplined about it, are we? It’s imperative to use sunscreen during the summer months and to do so without fail, even when you are staying indoors. Wearing sunscreen is one of the best and easiest ways to protect your skin. It prevents sunburn, skin cancer, and premature aging. For daily use, pick a sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30. If you spend more time outdoors, pick one that has SPF 60 or more. A half a teaspoon is enough to cover your face and neck. If you use a broad spectrum sunscreen, the order in which you use it doesn’t really matter. Some people find it easier to use sunscreen below makeup or moisturizer. You can do what you feel works best for you.

Exfoliate, regularly but gently

Exfoliation is important to remove dead skin cells, prevent clogged pores, and get clear skin. But during the summer, you have to be careful while exfoliating as your skin tends to become more sensitive due to exposure to harsh sun rays. Don’t exfoliate more than once or twice a week and overdoing this can lead to sensitivity and dryness. Don’t exfoliate immediately after sun exposure. If you have been out in the sun, wait until it’s evening to exfoliate. Use circular motions while exfoliating and don’t scrub too hard as it can damage your skin. Choose mild exfoliants that work for your skin type. Chemical exfoliants such as AHAs (alpha hydroxy acids) and BHAs (beta hydroxy acids) which gently dissolve dead skin cells are much better than harsh physical rubs like those containing walnuts or other such ingredients.

Pay attention to details

Wear sunglasses to protect your eyes and the delicate skin around your eyes during the summer months. Use a good eye cream with SPF. The same goes for your lips as well. Don’t neglect this sensitive part of your face. Protect your lips from the sun’s damaging rays by choosing a lip balm that has SPF 30 or higher. You can also exfoliate your lips once a week using a DIY sugar scrub. You can find many easy ideas for scrubs on YouTube and Instagram. You can also opt for a moisturizer that has SPF in it if a moisturizer and sunscreen feels like too much. If possible, wear little makeup or avoid it all together. You can use a tinted moisturizer to give your face that dewy glow without using other makeup products. 

It’s getting hot and humid and dressing comfortably is of paramount importance to feel at ease during this time. But does that mean we have to give style a miss and only wear baggy pants and cotton tops for the rest of the summer months? Not at all. There are easy ways to jazz up your outfits. A simple ensemble can be stylish and look well put-together with some thought and effort. Here we tell you how you can stay comfortable and classy when the sun’s out and you’d rather jump into the swimming pool than attend meetings and work. 

Create a summer wardrobe

Take a look at what you have and pull out all the clothes that aren’t comfortable or those that you haven’t worn in a while. Choose pieces that you want to wear, the ones you feel comfortable in and keep them aside. Fold or hang them where you can access them easily. This makes getting ready a lot easier than having to hunt for clothes when it’s time to go out. Once you know what you have, decide what you want to buy and invest in a few summer pieces like an oversized white cotton shirt, a flowy dress, some skirts, and perhaps even a few co-ord sets that you can wear together or mix and watch with other items in your closet. 

Take a look at your accessories

Summer calls for dainty jewelry and light accessories rather than bulky ones that feel heavy and look out of place when paired with a breezy ensemble. So, evaluate your jewelry and accessories situation. Invest in some light earrings and belts. A neutral color bag that doesn’t have flashy hardware or too many buckles can accessorize any summer outfit. Accessories can make or break any outfit and the problem with summer outfits is that your jewelry and other things that you use can weigh it down. You have to get the balance right. Choose lightweight pieces and dainty silver jewelry to compliment your outfit and don’t over accessorize. Stick to one or two pieces at the most. 

Don’t go all baggy

We tend to wear loose fitting clothes during the summer because the thought of body hugging jeans and tops make us sweat more than the actual heat. But pairing an oversized jeans with an oversized top makes you look sloppy and bigger than your actual size. It’s also not a good outfit choice for office and formal occasions, never mind the oversized suit trends you see on Instagram. Pair one loose clothing item with another well fitted one. For example, wear a well-fitted trouser with a flowy top instead of a loose harem pant with a flowy top. The key is to make sure one thing fits properly. It doesn’t have to be a body hugging piece. You can opt for tailored cotton pants or linen leggings. 

Opt for pastel colors

Dark colors trap heat and make you feel uncomfortable. Light colors reflect sunlight and have a cooling effect. Pastel colors look really good during the summer months. They give you an airy feeling while looking proper and put together as well. Choose lightweight, breathable fabrics and make sure they are in a lighter shade for the extra impact. Soft hues like baby blue, lavender, peach, and mint are perfect for summer. It’s not that you can’t wear dark colors during summer but try to avoid it when you can, especially during the day. 

Pay attention to the details

Wear comfortable shoes. Avoid closed, heavy shoes that can trap sweat. Opt for sandals and breathable sneakers in canvas instead. Keep your makeup light so that it doesn’t melt in the heat and also doesn’t make your look sweaty and shiny. Opt for just a moisturizer and sunscreen when you can as a natural look is more practical during the summer. This way, you can use oil blotting sheets to dab away the excess oil from your face during the day. Layering might seem counterintuitive but it can help you transition from outdoor heat to indoor ac with ease. It can also protect your skin from sun damage. The trick is to use light or sheer fabrics when layering. And lastly, choose the right undergarment. Avoid padded bras and synthetic materials. 

World Environment Day is celebrated on June 5 every year. In Nepal, different activities are carried out to promote eco-friendly habits and for environmental awareness. But experts argue that green initiatives must be run all year round to negate the impact of climate change. ApEx spoke to three people to find out what they think and how we can make our planet a cleaner, greener place to live. 

Sanjog Limbu

I feel that nowadays smoke from vehicles like old buses and trucks is the main reason for pollution. Urbanization is another factor that contributes to pollution in the long run. I also see a lot of people using plastics with little to no awareness about its harmful impacts. I think we must minimize the use of plastic if we want to preserve our planet. Another thing that needs attention is proper waste disposal. Many people are still dumping waste in rivers and streams. This makes the whole area smell foul. I believe small everyday actions can make a huge impact in preserving the environment in the long run. 

Riya Shrestha

Deforestation is a serious issue in Nepal due to increasing urbanization and agricultural needs. It leads to habitat loss, soil erosion, and affects the water cycle and biodiversity. Forests are vital for Nepal’s ecological balance and climate regulation so this issue deserves more awareness and action. Additionally, plastic is widely used because it is easily available, inexpensive, and very convenient for everyday tasks like packaging, carrying goods, and storing items. It’s also difficult to avoid since it’s so ubiquitous. This shows a conflict between convenience and environmental concern. If I could make one law it would be the use of biodegradable or reusable alternatives instead of single-use plastics. This would reduce plastic pollution and promote sustainable habits. 

Amit Lama

The main cause of pollution in urban areas in Nepal is the smoke that old vehicles emit coupled with stubble burning. Unmanaged road construction adds to our woes. I think we need stricter environmental policies to combat pollution and our worsening environmental conditions. Banning plastic, removing old vehicles from the road, and making people aware about the importance of recycling and reusing things can help make a difference. I think these initiatives must be put in place through good policy and effective monitoring of its implementation. I think the onus lies first on the government to come up with a plan to reduce pollution and then on the people to make sure they follow the rules and regulations.