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Let’s start with a couple of recent incidents that may appear insignificant from those in positions of power.

At a government-run children’s hospital in the heart of Kathmandu, a five-year-old, Rejina Gopali of Thaha municipality ward 10, died awaiting treatment, on Monday. 

In a far-flung Budhinanda municipality in the remote district of Bajhang, Jayapura Shahi was found hanging from the ceiling with a rope at her maternal house. Separated from her husband after he took a second wife, Shahi had been running a shop to eke out a living. Local people have moved the local police post, claiming that it was a murder. 

While in Bajhgara of Dharan municipality (Sunsari), a house caught fire on Thursday morning after a gas cylinder blast that occurred when the family of Sita Dhital was making preparations for a Dar feast as part of Teej celebrations. A narrow gulley came in the way of firefighting, taking the fire brigade 1.5 hours to douse the flames. By that time, the house had turned into ashes. 

Meanwhile, the specter of lumpy skin disease continues unabated. The trail of death and devastation from the disease is shocking. On Thursday, Minister for Agriculture and Livestock Development, Beduram Bhusal, informed the House of Representatives that 52,548 animals have died from the disease, 13,83,595 have recovered whereas 73,636 animals remain ill. 

Bad tidings do not end there. On Wednesday, a khukuri-wielding Shyam Sapkota (47) of Nuwakot Nepali Congress joint general secretary Mahendra Yadav. While Yadav is in police custody, Yadav is undergoing treatment. 

On Thursday itself, Mukunda Rijal, chair, Kathmandu Metropolitan City ward 16, died while undergoing treatment for severe pneumonia. This, even as large sections of the national population continue to suffer from the twin specters of dengue and conjunctivitis. 

Then there are those dignitaries from near and afar, who are a cut above the rest. They are so powerful that they can make controversial remarks questioning the status of Nepal as an independent country. As experts par excellence, it is of course their ‘prerogative’ to teach us how to conduct our foreign policy, isn’t it? 

Of course, nothing is certain except death and taxes, but this rings so true for the people. While negotiating the roads of this bustling valley, this stark realization comes to haunt us so often, despite the presence of police officers and a more-or-less functioning traffic system.

One major factor is mainly to blame for the incidents—from the death of a child to a close shave for a leader to a cylinder blast to chaotic roads to infringement upon our sovereignty and many other incidents in between. 

That is the near-total absence of the government from the affairs of a flailing state. The parliament, civil society, the judiciary, the free press and the people—above all else—should do every bit to make the government govern this country before it’s too late.    

The kidneys, bean-shaped organs located on each side of our spine, constitute a very important part of our body.

How so?

Healthy kidneys filter a half cup (roughly) of blood per minute, removing wastes and extra water to make urine, which flows from the kidneys to the bladder via pair of thin tubes of muscle called ureters, one on each side of the bladder. The kidneys, ureters and the bladder form part of the urinary tract.

Apart from removing wastes and extra fluid from the human body, the kidneys also remove acids that the cells produce and maintain a healthy balance of water, salts and minerals like sodium, calcium, phosphorus and potassium in blood.

What happens to the human body without this delicate balance? Nerves, muscles and other tissues may not work normally.

Aside from these functions, the bean-shaped organs also help control blood pressure, make red blood cells and keep the bones strong and healthy.

The points mentioned above make it clear that keeping the kidneys healthy is of paramount importance.

But data show that the individuals, the society and all three tiers are not giving kidney health the utmost attention it deserves.

Out of the total population of around 30m, three lakh people (approx) in Nepal have renal problems. About 30,000 people experience moderate kidney problems every year, 3,000 have severe kidney failure. About 8,000 people are on dialysis in Nepal whereas the number of people on dialysis in Malaysia (total population: 28m), a popular job destination for Nepali workers, is 45,000.

Though not well off, Nepal provides free dialysis through government hospitals, the first of its kind in Asia, providing Rs 2,500 for each session. This, of course, is not enough for kidney patients with hypertension and diabetes as they have to foot extra cost for non-kidney ailments.

The federal government provides a lump sum of Rs 1 lakh to each kidney patient apart from conducting kidney transplant for free. Local governments provide a monthly allowance of Rs 5,000 to each patient. Yearly, the government spends around Rs 1bn on dialysis. 

Despite these efforts, kidney patients and/or their family members gone broke and appealing for monetary assistance here, there, everywhere for continuation of treatment has ceased to be a new thing.

This, in spite of a Constitution that has recognized the right to health as a fundamental right. This, in a ‘country geared toward socialism’ where the political elites get to fly abroad and avail themselves of the state-of-the-art services in one of the finest medical institutions of the world, all at the taxpayer’s expense?

A question arises: Where are the governments of all three tiers failing?

Instead of focusing on prevention of kidney ailments, the state is focusing on treatment. The state alone is not to blame, though.

Increasing kidney problems should prompt us to look into our food and drinking habits. Are we drinking enough water? Are we taking food that boosts our overall health, including kidney health?

Water requirements also vary depending on the nature of work and climatic conditions. Lakhs of Nepali youths sweat it out in hot climes abroad where drinking water is scarce. This takes a huge toll on their overall health, including renal health. Many of us are taking all sorts of synthetic/alcoholic drinks to quench our thirst.  

This daily, through its extensive reporting, has brought how our public health delivery system is failing the very public. Our conversation with experts has made it crystal clear that the government should focus more on preventing ailments, including kidney ailments, rather than on treatment. The government should provide immunosuppressive drugs to kidney patients for free. Also, the state, together with private and public health service providers, should launch door-to-door campaigns to raise awareness and keep kidney diseases at bay. Here’s hoping that the government on a splurging spree has enough funds—and political will—in its coffers to do that.  

“This is a garden of all castes, everybody should acknowledge it. Everybody from all the four Jat (Caste) and thirty-six Barna (creed) should protect and promote this garden.” The words of King Prithvi Narayan Shah are relevant today. In a world beset by religious and ethnic strife, Nepal's exceptional degree of religious tolerance stands as a testament to its unity in diversity.

But recent events in Eastern Nepal, specifically in Dharan, have raised apprehensions about the stability of this harmonious equilibrium. Disturbing attempts to undermine social and religious cohesion have emerged, which calls for vigilant oversight by the authorities. While immediate crisis may have been averted, the nascent situation remains susceptible to manipulation through the powerful medium of social media.

The constitution of 2015 has enshrined the rights of all castes and communities to practice their faiths and preserve their cultures, safeguarding these liberties from encroaching on the rights of others. Legal frameworks have also been established, delineating the boundaries for all ethnic and religious groups.

Unfortunately, the proliferation of social media has exacerbated the situation, as malicious actors exploit these platforms to disseminate false information and fan the flames of violence. Certain self-proclaimed religious figures have unabashedly amplified their divisive rhetoric, exacerbating tensions through the online sphere. While safeguarding freedom of expression is paramount, authorities must exercise discretion in curbing objectionable content that could incite turmoil.

The specter of external forces seeking to sow discord cannot be dismissed. The collective appeal for calm and unity by political leaders, including Prime Minister Pushpa Kamal Dahal, demonstrate the gravity of the situation. Government agencies must remain vigilant and intervene if such machinations threaten the social fabric.

In these trying times, the imperative to preserve our cherished tradition of harmonious coexistence is clear. Diligent oversight, unity among diverse factions and a steadfast commitment to maintaining the rich tapestry of Nepali society stand as the bulwarks against divisive forces seeking to erode its unity.

In a democracy true to its name, the Parliament (the legislative), one of the three principal organs of the state, makes laws. Elected representatives voice concerns of the public in its hallowed chambers and make the other organ of the state, the executive, address them. Well-informed, engaging and enlightening discussions on every matter before it, including draft laws, make these chambers truly representative of the will of the people. Parliamentary debates in India and the United Kingdom, for example, show how the lawmakers hold their governments to account. 

The judiciary has a very important role to play in a democracy. As the final interpreter of the Constitution, it checks the constitutionality of laws and keeps a tab on the government and the parliament from a moral high ground. More often than not, our own judiciary has shown how to do it. If its precedents are not enough, there are enough lessons to learn from the immediate neighborhood and beyond on how to tame a regime seeking to trample on civil liberties.   

A constant judicial vigilance is necessary in a functioning democracy. This is also because the executive even seeks to bring the judiciary under its ambit through some sort of parliamentary control by violating judicial independence. The parliament often exhibits the tendency to do the bidding of a majority even at the expense of the larger interest of the public and the country it is supposed to serve, under pressure from the government of the day, in a blatant violation of the letter and the spirit of the charter.  Who knows this better than the Nepali people, mute spectators to spectacles where a ready majority raises its hands automatically in support when a whip-wielding executive seeks to enforce its will in an audacious breach of the principles of separation of powers as well as checks and balances?

In young democracies in particular, the parliament often becomes a special-purpose vehicle designed to serve the executive and other powerful vested interests instead of taking them to task. This becomes easy when the opposition and the ruling parties come together to serve vested interests. The people pay the price when the executive seeks to move ahead by ignoring the concerns of the opposition raised in the House and the latter obstructs it in its desperate bid to have its way.

Recently, the main opposition obstructed the Parliament for days on end calling for a high-level commission to investigate a recent case of a huge gold consignment concealed in brake shoes passing through a high-security Tribhuvan International Airport. Before that, the party had obstructed the Parliament over the Prime Minister’s remarks about a transporter’s ‘great efforts’ toward elevating him to the coveted position. The opposition has every right to ask difficult questions and seek answers from the government, but is the House obstruction an effective way to hold the government accountable?  

Notably, opposition parties other than the main opposition have accused the main opposition CPN-UML, Nepali Congress and the CPN (Maoist Center) of holding the parliament hostage to fulfill vested interests. Secretive talks between the leadership of the three major parties ‘magically’ ending House stalemates suggest some comfy arrangements. ApEx has repeatedly raised the issue of the troika turning the Parliament into a rubber-stamp of sorts through its extensive coverage, as part of efforts to make democracy deliver.

Indeed, the leadership of the three parties could have done so much for the people grappling with challenges like rising market prices, shrinking job opportunities, endemic corruption, instability and calamities that are becoming more and more disastrous due to development activities undertaken with scant regard for the carrying capacity of the terrains. Their disastrous performance in a difficult situation will not be lost on a people they claim to be serving, day in and day out.  Neither the government nor the main opposition nor any other force has the right to hold the legislative organ of the state hostage in its desperate bid to fulfill its overt or covert interests. 

Sadly, even the Speaker and the President, the guardian of the Constitution, have appeared helpless in the face of repeated deadlocks. Summing up, all entities that constitute the parliament should learn lessons from repeated obstructions and make every effort to ensure its smooth functioning. The sovereign body has some crucial legislations pending, including those related to transitional justice and money-laundering. It’s time the parliament moved ahead with a sense of urgency and made up for the lost time.