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A total of 108 people have died due to monsoon-induced disaster including floods, landslides and inundation in different parts of the country.

According to the Nepal police headquarters, the death toll since the monsoon began on June 10 to July 14 has reached 108.

Among the deceased, two died in Kathmandu valley, 19 in Koshi Province, five in Madhesh Province, nine in Bagmati, 38 in Gandaki, 23 in Lumbini, four in Karnali Province and eight people in Sudurpaschim Province.

Similarly, 119 people were injured in the incident including eight in Kathmandu valley, 31 in Koshi, nine in Madhes, seven in Bagmati, 28 in Gandaki, nine in Lumbini, 16 in Karnali and 11 in Sudurpaschim Province.

According to Nepal police, 53 people, who were affected by the floods and landslides, have been rescued while six people are still missing. During the period, a total of 182 houses were inundated due to floods. Similarly, 203 houses, 75 sheds, 41 bridges, one school and two government offices were damaged.

A total of 516 cattle heads perished while 3,552 families were displaced from their homes due to the disaster.

On July 9, the Executive Board of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) completed the fourth review under the four‑year Extended Credit Facility (ECF) for Nepal, allowing the authorities to withdraw the equivalent of approximately $41.3m. This brings the total disbursements under the ECF for budget support thus far to about $247.7m.

The ECF arrangement for Nepal was approved by the Executive Board on 12 Jan 2022, for 180 percent of quota, or about $371.6m. Nepal has made good progress with the implementation of the program, which has helped mitigate the impact of the pandemic and global shocks on economic activity, protect vulnerable groups, and preserve macroeconomic and financial stability. The program is also helping to catalyze additional financing from Nepal’s development partners.

The economy continues to face challenges as growth, projected around three percent in FY2023/24, remains below potential in the context of subdued domestic demand and post‑pandemic balance sheet repairs. Economic activity is expected to pick up, with growth reaching 4.9 percent in FY2024/25, supported by stronger domestic demand. The cautiously accommodative monetary policy stance, planned increase in capital expenditure in the FY2024/25 budget, additional hydropower generation, and a continued increase in tourist arrivals are expected to boost domestic demand and growth. Inflation is expected to remain within the Nepal Rastra Bank’s (NRB) target ceiling of 5.5 percent.

Domestic risks dominate the outlook. Failure to raise the execution rate of capital projects would deprive the economy of much-needed stimulus and weigh on growth. Fragile political stability could disrupt policy continuity and reform implementation. Intensification of financial sector vulnerabilities, such as a further rise in NPLs or more failures of cooperative lenders, could endanger banking system soundness. Externally, high commodity prices could slow the recovery in energy-intensive sectors. Nepal remains vulnerable to natural disasters.

Nepal’s economic reforms progress

Bo Li, deputy managing director and acting chair

Nepal has made significant strides in its economic reform agenda. Decisive actions in monetary policy, bank regulation, and phasing out Covid-19 support policies played a major role in overcoming urgent balance of payments pressure in FY2021/22. Reserves continue to rise without the need for distortive import restrictions. Fiscal discipline was maintained in FY2022/23 and so far in FY2023/24, despite revenue shortfalls. Bank supervision and regulation have improved with the implementation of new supervisory information systems, the Working Capital Loan Guidelines, and Asset Classification Regulations. Nepal’s medium-term outlook remains favorable as strategic investments in infrastructure, particularly in the energy sector, are expected to support potential growth.

With growth below potential, executing the planned increase in capital spending, as envisaged in the FY2024/25 budget, while maintaining fiscal discipline through domestic revenue mobilization and rationalization of current spending, remains critical to boosting growth and preserving medium-term fiscal sustainability. Strengthening public investment management will support the needed boost to capital spending. Enhancing fiscal transparency will help contain fiscal risks and further strengthen medium-term fiscal sustainability.

As monetary policy transmission is still weak in the context of balance sheet repair, a cautious and data-dependent monetary policy remains appropriate to preserve price and external stability. Continuing to strengthen Nepal’s financial system remains a top priority. Financial policy should remain vigilant and focused on building regulatory frameworks that promote sustainable credit growth while proactively addressing emerging vulnerabilities in the savings and credit cooperatives sector. Maintaining recent reforms regarding lending practices and asset classification is important as preparations for the loan portfolio review of the ten largest banks continue.

Nepal’s commitment to strengthening its Anti-Money Laundering/Combating the Financing of Terrorism (AML/CFT) framework is commendable. Amendments to a set of fifteen laws, including those on money laundering, have been recently enacted, and secondary legislation is under preparation to bring Nepal’s AML/CFT legal framework in line with international standards. It remains critical to ensure the effectiveness of the new legal framework. Reforms to implement the 2021 IMF Safeguards Assessment recommendations regarding the NRB Act and NRB audit are a priority.

Continued progress on the structural front remains necessary to foster investment and more inclusive growth. This includes improving the business climate, building human capital, and continuing to enhance social safety nets, particularly aiming for the full execution of the child grant budget, followed by an expansion of the program to all districts in Nepal.

Nepal’s farm sector needs a shot or two in the arm in view of changing weather patterns amid a deepening climate crisis and forgotten yet effective traditional agricultural practices. 

For revitalization of this sector, every farmer needs to know what crops (traditional, modern, cash crops, etc) can grow well in their land. It is the duty of every local government to make sure that the farmers know this.   

Who among these farmers want to opt for subsistence farming? Who wants to go for commercial farming and who prefers surplus farming?

Relevant authorities should take a call on this because the needs of these separate groups of farmers are quite different.    

Subsistence farmers need nothing, surplus farmers need guaranteed markets at their doorsteps whereas commercial farmers need guaranteed connections of national markets and knowledge to preserve their productions in a variety of ways. 

It is the duty of Palikas (rural municipalities) to lease the parcels of land to the poor people interested in farming or sell it to them by accepting payment in installments.  

Farmers also need to bear in mind that our ancestors switched to new crops in keeping with changing climatic conditions, including the availability of water. They need to realize that food patterns have been changing over generations and time has perhaps come yet again to change our food habits in keeping with a changing climate.  

In this regard, we can take a leaf from Vedic ancestors, who taught us to blend science and intellect and sustain it culturally.  For example, they taught us how to tap into the cosmic energy to rejuvenate ourselves. Planting Tulasi, Pipal and Sami was their way of ensuring a steady supply of pure oxygen and antioxidants.

Let us learn about sustainable development goals (SDGs) from our religious texts and cultural practices, and unlearn from the past efforts of government as well as non-government organizations (GOs/NGOs), if we are to indeed give sustainable development a boost in our soil. 

Commission-oriented practices of politicians and businesspersons, in particular, have led to soaring imports of substandard foodstuffs of inferior quality, making the Nepali farmers reluctant to cultivate crops. So, we must make it loud and clear to our neighbors that these food imports have made our people lazy, and increased health hazards.

Our import-oriented economy throws ample light on the country’s crop production scenario. Politicians least bothered about crop yields, a labor-intensive farming system, unethical business and trade practices, and consumption-oriented mindsets are responsible for inviting this situation. 

To overcome this scenario, let us make a matrix of our food demands, our production, the gaps, crops that we must grow, and local governments that can grow these crops.  This matrix will help to move ahead with crop production plans.  

Commitment requires continuity—in saying and doing—something, which can be done by developing all political parties’ consensual intent, programs, funding mechanisms and an accountable implementing agency, which will remain there regardless of who comes to power. But none of the rulers and potential rulers are heading in that direction, pointing at the absence of their commitment to the cause. 

Summing up, the Nepalis possess a number of indigenous skills to fill up their stomachs.  

Ignoring this heritage, we followed westernization in the name of modernization in the farm sector as well. So, let’s first learn to differentiate between the two and go for modernization of what we have. Secondly, our developmentalists adapted the deficiency thesis. Let’s follow an efficiency thesis to enable poor people for a self-sustaining economy.  Thirdly, let us encourage industrialists and businesspersons to establish organic industries.  Fourth, we exhausted our land by using chemical fertilizers and pesticides, sidelined the local and indigenous wisdom, and replaced indigenous crops. Let’s move ahead by learning lessons from these mistakes. Fifth, we became consumers and inhuman businesspersons to feed long grain rice and poisonous vegetables, poultries and pigs laced with chemicals. Let’s reflect on this moniya culture (money is supreme) and work for human and nature- friendly productions.

In the last week of June, three people died and 16 others fell ill after consuming wild mushroom curry in Makwanpur district in Bagmati Province. These incidents are common during the monsoon season as people lack knowledge about wild mushrooms. The district security personnel of Makwanpur advised against eating wild mushrooms. However, this is not a solution. We need more awareness about our wild edible species.

According to available data, wild mushrooms in Nepal belong to 108 families, 357 genera, and 1,291 species. Among these, there are 159 edible mushrooms, 74 medicinal mushrooms, and 100 poisonous mushrooms.

Nepal’s traditional diet, rich in fresh, locally sourced ingredients, promotes health and well-being through nutrient-dense foods like lentils, vegetables, and whole grains, along with probiotic-rich fermented items. However, the growing trend of adopting Western dietary habits, often involving processed and packaged foods, raises concerns about losing the benefits of our own nutritious foods. It’s crucial to question if these new habits truly improve our health or if they compromise it by increasing the risk of chronic diseases and environmental impact. Supporting our traditional foods fosters better health, sustainability, and cultural heritage.

Foraging, the practice of searching for and collecting wild food resources, has a deep-rooted culture in Nepal. Seasonal foraging yields a diverse array of wild edibles such as ferns, fiddlehead ferns, wild asparagus, and yarsagumba (a medicinal fungus). Every season brings a new bounty of fruits and vegetables, mostly organic and naturally provided by Mother Nature. Many believe that consuming wild, seasonal foods can greatly enhance health, reducing the need for medical visits.

Foraging is practiced globally, with foragers in the UK harvesting wild garlic and dill, which can evoke nostalgia for similar Nepali herbs like chyapi. It’s said that foraging for your own food limits your carbon footprint and helps to maintain the natural landscape. Done correctly, it reconnects us to nature while limiting our impact on our natural surroundings. Humans need to be an active part of changing the environment—even on this small scale.

Foraging should be modest, carried out with an understanding of the plants, fungi, and the delicate balance of biodiversity within different habitats. This practice needs to be done by someone thoughtful, informed, with knowledge of the local area.

The practice of foraging yarsagumba is not sustainable, and the local governments and protected areas authorities are charging people to reduce this unsustainable way of foraging. Sustainable foraging is crucial to ensure that future generations can also experience and benefit from these natural resources. It involves mindful collection practices that do not deplete the ecosystem, ensuring plants and fungi can continue to thrive.

In Nepal, foraged produce includes:

Ferns and fiddlehead ferns: Popular in many Nepali dishes, rich in vitamins and minerals.

 Wild asparagus (Kurilo): Known for its medicinal properties and high nutrient content.

 Yarsagumba: A rare and valuable fungus used in traditional medicine for its purported health benefits.

Wild berries and fruits: Various types are collected seasonally, providing essential vitamins and antioxidants.

Emphasizing foraging within our diets supports health, maintains biodiversity, and preserves cultural practices. Practicing sustainable foraging ensures these natural treasures remain available for future generations.

Edible and medicinal plants in Nepal

·  Githa (Dioscorea bulbifera): Often foraged during the monsoon season.

·  Bhyakur (Dioscorea deltoidea): Typically available in the monsoon season.

·  Tarul (Dioscorea alata): Harvested in the winter, especially around Maghe Sankranti.

·  Taro (Colocasia esculenta): Available during the monsoon and early autumn.

·  Chiuri Fruit (Diploknema butyracea): Collected in late summer to early autumn.

·  Kaphal (Myrica esculenta): Found in mid to high altitudes, foraged in late spring to early summer.

·  Wild Lemon (Bimiro): Available during the monsoon season.

·  Wild Strawberries: Found in hilly regions, available in late spring to early summer.

·  Amala (Phyllanthus emblica): Available in winter.

·  Chutro (Berberis asiatica): Collected in the autumn.

·  Siltimur (Zanthoxylum armatum): Foraged in the monsoon season.

·  Timur (Zanthoxylum armatum): Available in late summer to early autumn.

·  Kurilo (Asparagus racemosus): Found in spring.

·  Ban Lasun (Allium wallichii): Available in the monsoon season.

·  Wild Mushrooms: Collected during the monsoon season.

·  Ausadi: the mother of fermenting ingredients. Ausadi, a mixture of wild herbs and roots, plays a crucial role in the fermentation process for making traditional liquors across various communities in Nepal. This tradition is deeply rooted in cultural practices and is passed down through generations. Each region might have its own unique blend of herbs, contributing to the distinct flavors of their homemade liquors. This practice showcases the rich biodiversity of Nepal and the knowledge of local flora.

These foraged plants and fruits not only provide food but also have significant medicinal and cultural importance. They reflect the deep connection between the people of Nepal and their natural environment, highlighting sustainable living practices that have been maintained for centuries.

The author is UK-based R&D chef

The Bangladesh Power Development Board (BPDB) has sent a letter to the Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA) to sign an agreement for the sale and purchase of 40 MW electricity produced in Nepal.

The BPDP sent the letter for the agreement, sharing that the tender submitted by the NEA for the sale of 40 MW power for six months during the rainy season was approved by the concerned body, according to the NEA.

In accordance with the provision in the law, a trilateral agreement was signed between Bangladesh, India and Nepal on January 1, 2024 for the sale of 40 MW electricity produced in Nepal. 

The NEA had called for tender for the purchase of power for five years as per this.  Sharing that the tender was approved by the concerned body by evaluating the documents related to tender, the BPDP informed the NEA about the approval of the tender. 

The NEA has to send written notice about the approval of the tender within seven working days after that the BPDP would provide a draft of the agreement regarding sale of the power to the NEA. 

An agreement should be signed within 28 days after receiving the draft. An agreement would be signed between NEA, NTPC Vidyut Vyapar Nigam (VVN), India and BPDP.

NEA Executive Director Kulman Ghising said works have been started to export power to Bangladesh from this monsoon season by completing all the remaining processes.

"Since all the three agencies agreed on the draft of the trilateral power trading agreement, the pact would be signed soon. After this, we will send a list of the projects to the Central Power Authority of India for its approval for exporting power to Bangladesh," NEA Executive Director Ghising said.

According to Ghising, they are sending to the concerned authorities of India proposals for exporting electricity to Bangladesh for which approval has already been taken, as it would take time to get approval when proposals for power export from new projects are sent.

Minister for Energy, Water Resources and Irrigation Shakti Bahadur Basnet has directed the NEA leadership before this to finalize the process required for selling power to Bangladesh. Minister Basnet is also the Chairman of the NEA Board of Directors.

NEA has made preparations for exporting to Bangladesh the power produced from the projects constructed with Indian grant, and the electricity generated from the 25-Megawatt Trishuli and the 22-Megawatts Chilime hydropower project constructed by its subsidiary company.

NEA will sell 40 megawatts of power to Bangladesh in the six months (June 15 to November 15) every year at the rate of 6.40 US dollars per unit.

The NEA will receive the price of the electricity to be exported to Bangladesh via the inter-country Dhalkebar-Muzafarpur 400 kV transmission line at the Muzaffarpur point, India. This transmission line is the first inter-country transmission line between Nepal and India. This means, the electricity meter of the power exported to Bangladesh would be installed at Muzaffarpur. It is stated that NEA will itself bear the cost of the technical leakage occurring on the transmission line from Dhalkebar to Muzaffarpur.

The electricity exported from Nepal will reach Bangladesh from Muzaffarpur via the Baharampur (India)-Bhermara (Bangladesh) 400 kV transmission line of India.

Nepal’s logistic sector needs to work towards transforming supply chains through digital platforms and technologies. Despite the rapid advancement of the global supply chain, we continue to rely on traditional methods. The World Bank has been suggesting the government on the agenda of digitalization, but a lack of coordination among government stakeholders has been obstructing the move. The integrated border management system (IBMS) from the World Bank will help streamline the border issues as well as help proper planning from the transit point until the logistic centers and electrical cargo tracking (ETCS) system of ADB with some amendments would help in the transit and domestic flow of goods. The trade facilitation and cross-border paperless trade agendas have been pending for a very long time with little to no activities. Further, involving freight forwarders in the Nepal National Single Window (NNAW) is pending .

The bilateral and regional agreements are all being executed in a very traditional manner, without incorporating modern automation and digitalization mechanisms to ease business and increase traceability, predictability, and accountability to facilitate and meet global supply chain demands.

The customers demand and expect faster, more transparent, and personalized service. To meet their expectations, we need to utilize digital platforms to enhance the customer experience through better tracking, faster delivery, and improved communication to ensure seamless integration of data across different systems and platforms associated with government and private sector service providers. This demands developing data formats and communication between actors in trade facilitation. Another significant challenge is adopting new technologies, scaling them throughout the supply chain through pilot projects in controlled environments before scaling, and making sure these components are simple to integrate and adapt.Protecting sensitive supply chain data from cyber threats is another important and burning issue. Implementing cybersecurity measures, such as encryption, multi-factor authentication, and regular audits, can overcome this by ensuring the accuracy, consistency, and timeliness of data across the supply chain. Data governance policies, as well as the use of data validation tools to maintain high data quality and implement digital signatures, could be useful methods.

The cost factor associated with implementing new digital technologies is high. Still, there is a need to do a cost-benefit analysis and seek cost-effective solutions or phased implementation approaches to manage cost factors. Implementing automation through digitalization has proven successful in many countries, as it helps monitor the flow of goods, documents, money, data, and information among all those associated with the supply chain.

It is essential to change the mindset and adapt to change management by motivating the workforce through proper training, enhancing their digital knowledge, and addressing cultural and operational changes within organizations such as the Departments of Customs and Commerce, as well as both private and government logistic service providers.

Therefore, developing comprehensive training programs and change management strategies to help employees adapt to new technologies is a must, as is setting fixed regulations and standards across different actors and government support agencies to ensure compliance through regular audits. Another challenge is balancing digital transformation with sustainable practices to lessen environmental impacts through monitoring and evaluation. Other precautions include integrating new digital technologies with existing systems using middleware solutions and gradual transition strategies to avoid disrupting operations.

The transition to digitalization in the supply chain requires many issues to be addressed. Some issues require a strategic approach, leveraging the latest digital tools and technologies while ensuring alignment with overall business objectives and maintaining flexibility to adapt to future changes. Implementing IoT devices, real-time tracking, and advanced analytics to monitor and optimize supply chain performance will enable real-time visibility for analytics purposes while also easing the process of doing domestic and international trade.

The frequent change of governments has been an usual phenomenon in Nepal. The country has not been able to see political stability even after promulgating the new constitution and holding two periodic elections. Although Pushpa Kamal Dahal has been at the helm of government since the November 2022 elections, despite his party finishing a distant third in the parliamentary polls, he has reshuffled cabinet 18 times by changing his coalition partners. In this scenario, the recent agreement between the two largest parties in the House of Representatives, Nepali Congress (NC) and CPN-UML, to form a coalition government offers some hope for a more stable future. 

The 2015 constitution, which has been hailed by Nepali leaders as among the best in the world, has contributed to political instability. No single party has been able to secure a clear majority, leading to a series of fragile coalition governments. The agreement between the two major parties to form a consensus government by bringing other parties on board, however, signals a shift toward more stable governance. This agreement, which covers issues ranging from constitution amendments to the formation of a lasting government at both center and provinces, has raised optimism among Nepalis who have long yearned for political stability and economic progress.

The new government has some pressing issues to deal with. The two parties have pledged to form a committee to amend the constitution. The amendments should address all the issues that are hindering implementation of federalism. The coalition must work toward amending the constitution to address existing barriers and create a more effective governance structure. Completing the peace process through appropriate transitional laws is crucial for national reconciliation and stability. It has been one of the major contentious issues for the three major parties in parliament. Likewise, improving administrative efficiency and public services should be a top priority to restore public trust in the government. Once the political situation becomes stable, it is expected to spur economic activities and create jobs, which is essential to address the growing discontent among the people, particularly the youth.

The new coalition must rise above personal and party interests. This union of two largest parties in the country is not only crucial for domestic progress but also to present a strong front against increasing external influences that threaten Nepal's sovereignty. The success of this coalition could be the turning point that the country has long awaited, paving the way for sustainable development and renewed hope for the people.

Like the rest of the world, Nepal faces numerous crises such as rising temperatures, wildfires, lack of drinking water malnutrition and a range of flood and drought occurrences. Records kept at the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Authority show that 1,434 incidents of fire and forest fire were recorded in April-May, a period characterized by the highest number of fire incidents, causing 27 deaths and leaving 86 people injured. 

Additionally, cancer patients have been increasing by the day due to factors like improper use of chemicals and fertilizers. 

On one hand, farmers cannot transplant paddy due to lack of rainfall, while on the other, heavy rains destroy rice crops ready for harvest. Apart from rising temperatures, other factors like high input costs, wild animals on rampage, climate change and unfair share in agricultural products exert pressure on farmers to abandon farming. In order to deal with these contemporary crises, we need to increase our comparative advantage in production systems with the main focus on agroecology.

Agroecology

Agroecology is agriculture integrated with ecology. A production system in harmony with nature, it transcends the traditional practices of tillage, planting, cultivation, harvesting and marketing. Agroecology, according to Stephen R Gliessman, is not just limited to farming practices but deals with the whole chain of interactions among crops, soil organisms and insect pests, their natural enemies as well as environmental conditions and management decisions.

In conventional agricultural systems, there exists a clear distinction between agriculture and nature. In such systems, inorganic fertilizers and pesticides added into soil for increased productivity put microorganisms like bacteria and earthworms at risk, decreasing soil’s ability to rejuvenate. Soil scientist Claude Bourguignon however argues that soil, despite being life’s basis, is simply a substratum. Increased reliance on fossil fuels for agricultural operations and other efforts toward commercialization and modernization of the farm sector disrupts the natural rhythm of production. Furthermore, market forces through liberalization or trade also affect food agriculture dynamics.

Put together, agriculture, forestry and other land use amount to 22 percent of total greenhouse gas emissions with transportation adding a further 15 percent, according to some studies. It is an established fact that the production-centric traditional agricultural systems contribute enormously to greenhouse gas emissions and have low adaptive capacity to climate change.

Nepal is going through its hottest summer on record along with increased forest fires. A contrasting scenario is where severe droughts in winter have resulted in massive crop failure while the highest ever recorded rainfall has led to flood causing a significant loss of matured crops. Water shortage has gotten worse in the Tarai region with depletion of groundwater resources. 

Incidents of landslides and floods have been rising and our study indicates that 80 percent of Nepal’s population is vulnerable to climate-induced hazards. Notably, Climate Risk Indexes (CRI) identifies Nepal as the 10th most affected country worldwide with marginalized communities, women and farmers forming a group highly susceptible to climate change impacts.

Commercialization

Subsistence agriculture constitutes a significant feature of our production system, with the exchange of surplus being a major characteristic. The key features of subsistence agriculture include mixed farming, proper integration of livestock, agriculture and forests as well as growing for consumption. Our traditional agricultural practices were diverse, exchange-based and synergetic. However, the introduction of monoculture, chemicals, pesticides and corporate-controlled seeds in the name of commercialization, production and development has made the entire agricultural system more vulnerable to climate change. Increased production costs resulting from this practice has forced small-scale farmers to leave farming altogether, exacerbating food insecurity.

Despite constitutional provisions on sustainable agricultural practices and on the integration of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) into the government’s policies and programs, our main policy documents, including annual plans, policies and budgets prioritize chemicals-based farming practices instead of incorporating agroecology into climate adaptation and tourism development or supporting farmers to stay on their farms.

The policies and programs for the fiscal year 2024-25, presented recently in the Parliament, list “increase in power generation and creation of a more conducive environment for investment” as some of the major achievements of the incumbent government. The focus, at least on paper, is also on delivery of fertilizers and seeds on time, and on expanding irrigation services. 

The policy document of the government pledges to increase agricultural investments, attain food self-sufficiency in vegetables and main staple crops, provide insurance coverage for agri-products, apart from promising minimum support price (MSP), farmer cards and emphasizing a productivity-centered modern industrial agriculture, but these pledges are “old wine in a new bottle”.

This document does not seem to bother much about agroecology, which is about promoting organic farming, biodiversity protection, natural farming and indigenous crops. 

It supports organic agriculture and indigenous crop production only for business purposes, which goes against the principle of agroecology. Additionally, there is a provision to provide quality chemical fertilizers for sustainable soil quality management, a practice akin to administering poison to a patient.

Summing up, agroecology can help solve several problems plaguing the farm sector like food insecurity, climate crisis, desertion of farmers due to increased cost of production, increasing import of foodgrains and agricultural goods, decrease in soil fertility due to input-intensive agriculture and increased use of chemical fertilizers. Let this fact dawn on our leaders, policymakers and bureaucrats before it’s too late.

Indian Ambassador to Nepal Naveen Srivastava and Lomanthang Rural
Municipality Chairman Tasi Nharbu Gurung laid a foundation stone for the construction of dormitory building for Lowo Nyiphug Namdrol Norbuling Monastic Schoo.

The dormitory is being built with the Government of India’s financial assistance at the project cost of Rs 41.40 million under ‘Nepal-India Development Cooperation’.

Political representatives, government officials, social workers, representatives of the Monastic school management were also present on this occasion, reads a statement issued by the Indian Embassy in Kathmandu. 

The Government of India grant under ‘Nepal-India Development Cooperation’ is being utilized for the construction of two floors dormitory building with other facilities for this Monastic school.

The project is taken up as a High Impact Community Development Project (HICDP), under an agreement between the Government of India and Government of Nepal.

This project is being implemented through Lomanthang Rural Municipality, Mustang. The project is an important example of the robust development partnership between India and Nepal, according to the statement.

Chairman, Lomanthang Rural Municipality and Chairman, Lowo Nyiphug Namdrol Norbuling Monastic School and political representatives in their remarks appreciated the continued developmental support of the Government of India in upliftment of the people of Nepal in priority sectors.      

The new building would be useful in providing better education and accommodation facilities to the students of Lowo Nyiphug Namdrol Norbuling Monastic School in Lomanthang Rural Municipality, Mustang and would create an improved environment for learning as well as contribute to the development of the education and religious care and helping in preserving their culture and tradition in this region. 

Since 2003, the Government of India has taken up over 551 HICDPs in Nepal in various sectors and has completed 490 projects.

Amongst these, 59 projects are in Gandaki Province in various sectors, including         17 projects in Mustang.

In addition to these,the Government of India has gifted 1009 ambulances and 300 school buses to various hospitals, health posts and educational institutions in Nepal.  

Amongst these, 119 ambulances and 40 school buses have been gifted in Gandaki Province, including 11 ambulances and five school buses provided in Mustang district. 

As close neighbours, India and Nepal share wide-ranging and multi-sectoral cooperation.

 The implementation of HICDPs reflects the continued support of the Government of India in bolstering the efforts of the Government of Nepal in upliftment of its people, augmenting infrastructure in the field of priority sectors.  
 

Dear Readers,

This week has seen significant developments on both the domestic and international fronts that deserve your attention. 

Nepal and China hosted a foreign-secretary level meeting in Kathmandu to discuss bilateral issues. Although no major breakthroughs were achieved, Chinese Vice Foreign Minister Sun Weidong’s visit marked a significant diplomatic engagement. During his stay, he met with Nepal’s top leaders, including President Ram Chandra Paudel.

There were speculations that Nepal and China might sign a Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) implementation plan during this visit. However, this did not materialize. It is possible that progress could be made during Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi’s visit to Nepal, which is expected to take place very soon. China was keen on finalizing the agreement during Prime Minister Pushpa Kamal Dahal’s visit to Nepal last year. But Dahal was not interested.

Speaking in the Parliament, Prime Minister Dahal outlined Nepal’s position on BRI, which almost all major parties agree with. He said Nepal prefers grants over loans and, if loans are necessary, they should be concessional with interest rates not exceeding 1.5 percent. He also stated that Nepal seeks loans from China on terms similar to those from the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank. This sentiment mirrors the position of former Prime Minister Sher Bahadur Deuba during his discussion with Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi in 2022. To date, CPN-UML Chairperson and Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli has not publicly detailed his views on the BRI.

We have an in-depth analysis of Prime Minister Dahal’s parliamentary address under the heading ‘PM Faces Tough Questions in Parliament’. For more details, please visit our website.  A delegation led by CPN-UML leader Bishnu Rimal visited Beijing this week—latest in the series of Nepali leaders visiting China. China’s influence in Kathmandu has increased considerably in recent times. Our feature titled ‘China’s Growing Clout in Kathmandu’ explores how China’s engagement with Nepal extends beyond the BRI.

During his parliamentary session, Prime Minister Dahal also addressed questions about issues related to India and the Russia-Ukraine war, among other topics. Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Affairs Minister Narayan Kaji Shrestha attended the Asia Cooperation Dialogue in Iran, where he reaffirmed Nepal’s strong commitment to regional cooperation and multilateralism, a core foreign policy priority since the Panchayat era.

Last week, Bangladeshi Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina paid an official visit to India, although she had been to New Delhi a few days ago to attend Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s inauguration. Along with bilateral discussions, the two leaders addressed sub-regional and regional issues, including power trade between Nepal, India and Bangladesh. Our detailed coverage of these topics is available online under the headline ‘A Landmark in Sub-Regional Energy Cooperation’. 

After the foreign secretary-level meeting with China, Nepal is now preparing for a similar foreign-secretary-level meeting with India. These annual meetings review the full spectrum of bilateral relations.

On the domestic front, political dynamics continue to be a topic of discussion. Speculation about the stability of the current government persists, with reports indicating ongoing talks between the Nepali Congress (NC) and the UML to explore potential new government formations. Our sister publication, Annapurna Post, recently published pieces advocating for the formation of a national consensus government.

Former President Bidya Devi Bhandari returned to the political spotlight amid rumors of her renewing her UML membership. However, in a recent interview, Bhandari clarified that she has not applied for membership and that the UML has not approached her. We have analyzed this development under the heading ‘Is Bhandari Planning a Return to UML?’, concluding that while her return to active politics is possible, it is not imminent.

The government has recommended ambassadors for eight countries, with the UML selecting former bureaucrats for its quota.

Meanwhile, the Rastriya Swatantra Party (RSP) remains in the political limelight. Its General Secretary Mukul Dhakal has come up with a report describing the party as being in ‘serious illness’ and in need of a ‘major surgery’ to maintain its status as a national party. This report, which is said to be based on feedback from over 3,000 cadres across 38 districts, has given rise to significant debate within the party. Dhakal, a vocal critic of the current government and an adversary of RSP President Rabi Lamichhane, insists that RSP ministers must justify their stay in the government. There is a section in the RSP which believes the lust for power could affect its very base.

A parliamentary panel investigating the financial status of around 29 cooperatives has expedited its work. Media reports suggest that the panel is preparing to question Home Minister Rabi Lamichhane regarding his alleged involvement in the misappropriation of cooperative funds.

I will be back with more updates next week. Wishing you all a happy weekend!

Prime Minister Pushpa Kamal Dahal has clarified that the government is determined that all territories east of Kali (Mahakali) river including Limpiyadhura, Kalapani and Lipu pass belong to Nepal.

Responding to queries raised by lawmakers during the discussion on headings of Foreign Ministry under the Appropriation Bill, 2081 in today's meeting of the House of Representatives, Prime Minister Dahal reminded that as per the Nepal-India Sugauli Treaty, 1816, these territories belong to Nepal and a political map incorporating these territories was published.

He further said that during the meeting with his Indian counterpart in the course of India visit, an understanding was reached to revise and update the existing treaties and agreements including the 1950 India-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship as well as to resolve border-related issues through diplomatic channels. 

A letter has been sent to the Indian side through diplomatic channels for the seventh meeting of the Border Working Group related to Nepal-India Border as per the commitment made in the seventh meeting of Nepal-India Joint Commission to complete the works in the remaining section of Nepal-India border, explained the PM. The seventh meeting of the commission was held on January 2.

Stating that border problems surfaced between Nepal-China are resolved through bilateral talks and consensus, he mentioned that a consensus was forged during the meeting between the two ministers of Nepal and China in course of Nepal visit of State Councilor and Foreign Minister of China, Wang Yi, to forward activities related to Nepal-China Joint Border Monitoring, through mutual consultation.

The Prime Minister stressed, "I want to make it clear that the Government of Nepal does not have any policy to give permission to Nepali citizens for recruitment in foreign army except some friendly nations according to past agreements."

Stating that the Gurkha recruitment in the British Army took place by the 1947's trilateral agreement, he said the government has realized the need to negotiate with the UK government based on a national consensus to make the treaty compatible with time.

He apprised the House that the government is in regular touch with the Nepali Embassy in Moscow and the Embassy of Russian Federation in Kathmandu to take updates on Nepali citizens killed in the Russia-Ukraine war and those held captive.

"On this matter, I also informed the House about the conversation between the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign Affairs and the Russian Federation's foreign affairs minister on the telephone."

A task force has been formed to give submissions for systematizing the travel of Nepali in Russia.  Similarly, diplomatic talks with the Ukraine government are underway regarding those Nepalis held in captives, he added.

He also utilized the rostrum that in the case of one Bipin Joshi from Nepal who disappeared following the attack of Hamas in Israel in October last year, the governments of Israel, mediator Qatar, and Egypt, a close neighbor of both parties, have been urged for the release of Joshi. Both official and unofficial meetings have been utilized to advocate and appeal for the safe release of Joshi, according to him.

Nepali missions abroad have been established on the criteria of proximity, the size of the Nepali populace in the respective country, the status of bilateral trade, tourism and economic relations, and political and economic, and strategic importance among others, he said before the House.

The Department of Passport continues to make efforts to make the service delivery system prompt and civic-friendly, the Prime Minister said, adding that it is required to make the passport service more accessible, systematic, and simpler.

"Considering the convenience of Nepali abroad, the passport and consular services are further enriched technically.  Arrangements are in place to operate a mobile service camp to collect passport applications and the distribution in those countries when Nepal has no embassies," he said.

The government is working to strengthen the Institute of Foreign Affairs (IFA) as an institute for studying, researching, promoting, and publishing matters about foreign affairs, and diplomatic issues along with the management of training for staff from the diplomatic field.

Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign Affairs Narayan Kaji Shrestha has reiterated Nepal’s stronger commitment to regional cooperation and multilateralism and stressed the need to implement the ACD vision 2030 as well as ACD Blueprint 2021-2030.

The DPM and Foreign Affairs Minister made this reiteration in his address to the 19th Ministerial Meeting of the Asia Cooperation Dialogue (ACD) held in Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran, on Monday, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated in a press release. 

On the occasion, he restated Nepal’s stronger commitment to regional cooperation and multilateralism and stressed the need to implement the ACD vision 2030 as well as ACD Blueprint 2021-2030 for achieving shared objectives of growth, sustainability and prosperity including SDGs 2030. He further stated that the ACD has evolved as an Asia-wide regional forum for open and consultative dialogues on pressing issues impacting the region and beyond.

In addition, DPM Shrestha highlighted challenges posed by Covid-19, climate change, global economic recession, rising conflicts and geopolitical rivalry. He also underlined the importance of collective vision, unity, solidarity and mutual collaboration for a more integrated, resilient and prosperous Asia.

The Ministerial Meeting adopted the documents, namely, Guiding Principles for the Functioning of Asia Cooperation Dialogue Secretariat, and ACD Rules of Procedures which provide a framework of cooperation among ACD Members and an important basis for institutional strengthening of ACD Secretariat.

On the sidelines of the ACD Ministerial Meeting,  DPM and Foreign Minister Shrestha held bilateral meetings with Dr Ali Bagheri, Acting Foreign Minister of Iran; U Than Swe, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs of Myanmar; Dr Abdullatif  bin Rashid Alzayani, Minister of Foreign affairs of the Kingdom of Bahrain; Abdullah Ali Al-Yahya, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the State of Kuwait; Walid bin Abdul Karim Al Khraiji, Vice Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Andrei Rudenko, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation; and discussed on various matters of mutual interests including pressing regional and global issues.

As a member of the Asia Cooperation Dialogue (ACD) since 2016, Nepal has been engaging with other Asian Member States with a view to promoting various areas of mutual benefits and complementarities.

DPM Shrestha also attended an interaction program organized at the Honorary Consulate General of Nepal in Tehran with Nepali Diasporas in the evening on Monday and committed to providing effective and timely consular services to them through relevant agencies of the Government of Nepal including through Shahram Shantiaee, Honorary Consul General of Nepal in Tehran.  

The Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign Affairs left Tehran for Kathmandu in the evening of 24 June 2024.

Justice for children refers to the legal and systemic processes designed to ensure that children are treated fairly and appropriately within the justice system. This encompasses both criminal and civil matters and aims to protect the rights and well-being of children at all stages of their interaction with the law. The goal is to uphold the best interests of children by ensuring access to justice, promoting rehabilitation over punishment, and safeguarding their rights during legal processes.

The core of juvenile justice focuses on four main aspects:

• Identifying causes: Understanding the reasons behind juvenile delinquency.
• Preventive measures: Implementing strategies to prevent children from engaging in delinquent behavior.
• Rehabilitation: Helping juveniles who have committed offenses to reform and reintegrate into society.
• Community safety: Ensuring the community is protected from juvenile delinquency through correctional or restorative justice, rather than punishment.

Legal framework

Before 1992, there was no separate law in Nepal specifically for juvenile delinquents, and they were tried in court as adults. However, after Nepal ratified the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) on January 26, 1990, it became mandatory to reform the existing laws to align with international standards. Consequently, Nepal introduced the Children Act in 1992, and in 2018, the new Act Relating to Children was enacted.

According to the Act Relating to Children 2018, a ‘child’ is defined as any human being below the age of 18 years. The act also defines ‘children in conflict with the law’ as those who have been accused of committing an offense and those who have been convicted by the Juvenile Court for committing an offense.

The Constitution of Nepal ensures the right to juvenile-friendly justice as a fundamental right. Article 39(8) of the constitution states that every child has the right to a justice system designed to be friendly to juveniles. This approach is based on the understanding that children are not mentally capable of committing crimes in the same way adults do.

The prevailing law dealing with delinquent juveniles is the Act Relating to Children 2018. According to this act, a child below 10 years of age is not criminally liable for any act they commit; therefore, no case or punishment is instituted against them. If a child between the ages of 10 and 14 commits an offense that is punishable by a fine, they are released after counseling. If such a child commits an offense punishable by imprisonment, they are either imprisoned for up to six months or sent to a child reform home for a period not exceeding one year.

For children aged 14 to 16 who commit an offense, the punishment is half of what would be imposed on an adult. If a child aged 16 to 18 commits an offense, they are punished with two-thirds of the penalty that would be imposed on an adult.

Challenges in juvenile justice

In Nepal’s justice system, there is a legal requirement to communicate with the accused in a language they understand. This means they should be informed about their criminal charges in simple terms they can comprehend. However, this requirement is often not followed. Children are arrested by police without fully understanding the crime they are accused of committing. They are often left in the dark about the nature of their charges.

Furthermore, children fully do not understand the legal terms and proceedings, making it difficult for them to grasp the details of their charges and defend themselves. This lack of clear communication severely hampers their ability to engage with the legal process. Without proper understanding, they cannot make informed decisions or provide relevant information that might help their case. 

Delayed case resolution 

The Supreme Court of Nepal has time and again directed district courts to adjudicate juvenile delinquency cases within 120 days through continuous hearings as mandated by section 37 of the Act relating to Children 2018.  Notable cases such as Kalinchowk 120 vs Dolakha District Court and Advocate Pushpa Raj Poudel vs Sindhuli District Court emphasize this directive. Despite these clear instructions, the timeframe is often not met, leading to significant delays in the legal process. This delay exacerbates their emotional and mental health issues, impeding their ability to reintegrate into society effectively.

Non-availability of juvenile bench 

In most cases, children are tried in regular benches instead of juvenile benches, as envisioned in Section 30 of the Act Relating to Children. The juvenile bench should be established in every district court and include a district judge, a social worker, and a child psychologist. However, the act allows district judges discretion to forgo forming a juvenile bench if it’s not feasible for any reason. Due to this exception, many children are tried without the presence of child psychologists, which hampers their mental well-being.

This practice contradicts the principles of a juvenile-friendly justice system and fails to provide the specialized support children need. The absence of child psychologists and social workers means that the unique psychological and social needs of juvenile offenders are not adequately addressed. Consequently, children face trials that do not consider their mental and emotional maturity, leading to decisions that may not be in their best interests.

Way forward 

While Nepal’s Act Relating to Children 2018 provides a robust framework for protecting the rights of juveniles in conflict with the law, significant gaps in practice undermine its effectiveness. Addressing these implementation issues is crucial to ensure that the juvenile justice system in Nepal truly serves the best interests of children, providing them with fair, timely, and child-friendly legal proceedings.

To address delays in juvenile cases, we need to enforce the 120-day resolution timeframe strictly. This can be done by monitoring case progress and ensuring deadlines are met. Publishing regular reports on case statuses will increase transparency. Additionally, creating fast-track courts for juvenile cases will speed up their resolution and reduce backlogs. 

Juvenile benches should be mandatory by amending the Act Relating to Children to eliminate exceptions. To support the mental and emotional well-being of juvenile offenders, we need to ensure the availability of child psychologists and social workers during legal proceedings. Establishing partnerships with NGOs can provide additional support and resources. 

We should provide regular training for police, lawyers, and judges on effectively communicating with juveniles. Developing child-friendly informational materials that explain legal processes in simple terms will also help. Employing child advocates and counselors can ensure that children understand their rights and charges.

Finally, establishing a comprehensive national policy on juvenile justice, regularly reviewing and updating it, and fostering collaboration among stakeholders, including the judiciary, law enforcement, and social services, will create a cohesive system that better serves the needs of juveniles. Conducting research and using data to inform policies will ensure that interventions are effective and tailored to the specific needs of children in conflict with the law.

Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi has hailed the export of electricity from Nepal to Bangladesh via the Indian grid as a landmark in sub-regional energy cooperation. 

Speaking at a joint press conference with Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina in New Delhi on Saturday, Modi emphasized that the swift implementation of such large-scale initiatives in multiple areas within just one year reflects the dynamic pace and scope of bilateral relations.

Last year, Nepal and India signed a long-term power trade agreement, which included India's consent to facilitate the sale of Nepali electricity to Bangladesh. Officials from Nepal and Bangladesh are currently finalizing the modalities of this agreement.

The joint statement underscored the commitment to expanding power and energy collaboration and developing intra-regional electricity trade. This includes competitively-priced power generated from clean energy projects in India, Nepal, and Bhutan, transmitted through the Indian electricity grid. To support this initiative, India will expedite the construction of a 765 kV high-capacity Katihar-Parbatipur-Bornagar interconnection, with suitable Indian financial assistance, to serve as a key anchor for grid connectivity.

Modi and Hasina also discussed regional issues, highlighting the potential of the India-Bangladesh relationship as a major anchor for regional and sub-regional integration under the BIMSTEC, SAARC, and IORA frameworks. They committed to working together on global platforms to advance their common interests, particularly those of the Global South.

As part of sub-regional connectivity initiatives, India will provide transit facilities for the movement of Bangladeshi goods to Nepal and Bhutan via the railway network. The two leaders also reiterated their commitment to the early operationalization of the BBIN Motor Vehicle Agreement to enhance sub-regional connectivity.

Recognizing the significant contribution of their partnership to regional peace, security, and stability, India and Bangladesh reaffirmed their commitment to a free, open, inclusive, secure, and rules-based Indo-Pacific region. With converging visions for the Indo-Pacific and awareness of the region's vulnerability to climate change, India and Bangladesh will co-lead the ‘Disaster Risk Reduction and Management’ pillar of the Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative (IPOI). They will cooperate to mitigate disaster risks, build disaster-resilient infrastructure, and contribute to the sustainability of their shared maritime region.

The number of dengue infections is rising across Nepal. According to the Epidemiology and Disease Control Division (EDCD) report published on June 18, a total of 1,241 people have contracted the mosquito-borne disease since January this year. Dengue has been detected in 72 districts, with Mustang, Dolpa, Mugu, Humla, and Jumla being the only districts free of reported cases. Despite this, the threat of the disease spreading further looms large.

Health experts have warned that the current situation is a pre-outbreak phase, posing a high risk of a nationwide dengue outbreak. The EDCD data highlights the prevalence of cases across various districts: 141 in Kathmandu, 112 in Jhapa, 75 in Chitwan, 59 in Makwanpur, 47 in Doti, 46 in Tanahu, 44 in Sindhupalchok, 41 in Okhaldhunga, 28 in Rupandehi, 27 in Bhaktapur, and 18 in Lalitpur. Bagmati province has reported the highest number of cases, with 428 infections so far this year.

Historically, August, September, and October see the highest number of dengue cases in Nepal. With infections already on the rise, we can expect a significant increase in the coming months. This underscores the urgent need for the government to implement a comprehensive action plan to combat the dengue epidemic.

The government must immediately launch a "search and destroy" campaign along with other preventive measures to control the spread of dengue. Effective coordination among the three tiers of government is crucial to curb the infection. Since there is no specific medicine to cure dengue, prevention remains the best strategy. Wearing long-sleeved clothes and maintaining cleanliness are essential preventive measures.

Local governments, responsible for controlling communicable diseases and raising awareness in their communities, must act swiftly to eliminate conditions conducive to the rapid growth of mosquitoes and larvae. The only recommended treatment for dengue-related high fever and headaches is paracetamol. Given Nepal's past issues with paracetamol shortages, the government must ensure an adequate supply of this essential medication.

An uncontrolled dengue outbreak could overwhelm Nepal's already fragile health infrastructure and potentially claim hundreds of lives. Immediate and decisive action is needed to prevent this looming public health crisis. The time to act is now.

The ICC T20 World Cup is currently being held in the United States and the West Indies. Although Nepal was eliminated in the group stage, their games drew immense support from thousands of enthusiastic Nepali fans at the stadium. Logan Van Beek from the Netherlands praised the Nepali fans for their overwhelming presence and fervor, stating, “I am not sure whether we are in Nepal or Dallas. These fans for Nepal were amazing. It was so loud. I am struggling to think half the time.” The strong support from Nepali fans has garnered praise from various cricket pages, experts, and enthusiasts, emphasizing the substantial influence of the Nepali diaspora. This article explores the significance of the Nepali diaspora and its potential as Nepal’s soft power.

What is diaspora and why is it important?

Diaspora refers to individuals who have left their home country to live abroad for an extended period. Kevin Kenny, in his book ‘Diaspora: A Very Short Introduction,’ describes diaspora as a concept that illuminates a world influenced by migration, especially relevant to groups that have migrated involuntarily, maintain connections to their homeland, and are dispersed globally.

The Ministry of External Affairs of India reports that the global Indian diaspora is the largest, comprising 13.6 million Non-Resident Indians (NRIs), 18.6 million Persons of Indian Origin (PIOs), and nearly 32.3 million overseas citizens of India. Additionally, 2.5 million Indians move abroad every year. Similarly, Nepal has a sizable diaspora, with over 4.5 million Nepalis living outside the country. Since passports were first issued on November 26, 2010, over 10 million have been issued.

Every day, around 1,500 to 3,000 Nepali people leave Nepal for work, study, or travel. In 2023, more than 1.6 million people went abroad for various purposes including employment, tourism, training, sports, residence, and study. According to the Department of Immigration, 70,915 people left to settle permanently and 808,415 left for employment in 2023, excluding those working in India.

The economic survey data shows that 102,504 students left to study abroad in 2078-079, 110,217 in 2079-80, and 90,179 NOCs were issued until Falgun 2080-81. Most students aim to settle in economically secure countries such as Japan, Canada, Australia, the UK, the USA, South Korea, India, the UAE, France, and Denmark. As more Nepali students move to these countries, the Nepali diaspora will grow.

Currently, Nepali citizens can enter 111 countries with an institutional permit and 178 countries with an individual work permit. In the financial year 2079-80, 771,327 young people went abroad, primarily to Malaysia, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, and Oman.

The importance of the diaspora is increasing. The contributions made by the diaspora play a fundamental role in the relationship between countries and contribute significantly to their home country's international presence, economy, and people-to-people relations.

Foreign policy and the Nepali diaspora

Nepal’s diplomatic outreach extends to 182 countries, reflecting its global relations, with the Nepali expatriate community playing a significant role. Known for their friendly and hospitable nature, as well as pride in their culture, traditions, religion, and language, Nepalis bolster the country’s reputation worldwide. Nepal’s ‘Foreign Policy 2077’ aims to harness the knowledge, expertise, financial resources, and networking capabilities of the Nepali diaspora to further national development.

This foreign policy vision strives to position Nepal as a robust, progressive, peaceful, and esteemed nation. It acknowledges the pivotal role of the Nepali diaspora in economic diplomacy and emphasizes mobilizing Nepali expatriates to safeguard and propagate Nepalese art, culture, language, and heritage.

The policy also stresses fostering positive attitudes toward Nepal, garnering support for its progress, and enhancing Nepal’s global reputation by tapping into the potential of the Nepali diaspora. It calls for unity, cooperation, and collaboration among Nepali expatriates, urging them to participate actively in the political and economic arenas of their host countries.

Additionally, the policy commits to providing legal aid to Nepalis in need and promoting efficient consular services for Nepalis living abroad. It advocates for establishing and operating Nepali language schools and training centers in countries with significant Nepali populations to preserve the Nepali language, culture, and traditions.

Despite these ambitious goals, practical implementation is often hampered by the limited budget allocated to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. This budget primarily covers embassy rent and staff salaries, constraining the scope of operational activities. Bharat Raj Poudel, former Foreign Secretary and Nepal’s current Ambassador to Canada, highlights these resource constraints, noting that embassies operate with very limited budgets and small staff, focusing mainly on urgent issues such as rescuing Nepalis in need, leaving little capacity for economic and public diplomacy.

What can be done?

Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and his ministers prioritize interacting with the Indian diaspora during their foreign visits, encouraging Indians abroad to visit India with friends who are not Indian. This approach has strengthened India’s ties with other countries. Similarly, Nepal’s Prime Minister and other ministers should prioritize building and nurturing relationships with Nepalis residing overseas.

It is crucial to hold diplomats accountable and bolster the capabilities of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA). Restructuring MOFA and expanding Nepal’s diplomatic presence is necessary to enhance the country’s global image. Frequent diplomatic recalls driven by political motivations negatively affect Nepal’s reputation.

Creating adaptable legislation and policies to incentivize investments from the growing Nepali diaspora is important. Non-resident Nepalis (NRNs) can unite Nepalis in their respective countries. The government can support returning Nepali immigrants’ contributions to the Brain Gain Center (BGC) to aid in national progress. All political factions in Nepal should work towards unifying the Nepali people and promoting their contributions to national development.

The participation of Nepalis in Nepal Day Parades worldwide, including in the USA, Canada, the UK, Europe, Japan, Australia, and other regions, is crucial for celebrating Nepal’s diversity and culture. The government and political parties need to acknowledge and harness the potential of the Nepali diaspora for the country's advancement.