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In recent weeks, social media platforms are abuzz with suggestions for Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli regarding his official trip to Beijing from Dec 2–6. Although the visit has not been officially announced, preparations are underway, and debates surrounding the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and Nepal-China relations have intensified, often factoring in India’s role in the equation.

On Nov 25, former Prime Minister Baburam Bhattarai shared his perspective on social media, stating that he could not attend Oli’s consultation meeting but wanted to offer advice. “Nepal is the oldest independent and sovereign country in South Asia, and one of the oldest in the world. It has every right and responsibility to assert and maintain its sovereignty, come what may,” he wrote. Highlighting Nepal’s unique geopolitical position between rising powers China and India, Bhattarai stressed the need to maintain friendly relations with all parties for national interests. He advocated leveraging opportunities presented by the BRI, just as Nepal has done with India and the US, to boost its economy. While he supports the BRI, his stance on whether Nepal should opt for loans or grants remains unclear.

Political polarization on the BRI continues, with Chinese Ambassador Cheng Song actively lobbying key political leaders to create a favorable environment for its adoption. As the visit approaches, Indian media and think tanks have weighed in. On Nov 22, Rishi Gupta from the Asia Society published an article in The Print titled “India does not need to sweat over Oli’s China drift—Nepal knows the limits.” The piece sparked reactions in Nepal. Aneka Rebecca Rajbhandari, co-founder of The Arnika Project, criticized Indian analysts for their narrow security-focused lens on Nepal-China relations. Similarly, Akhilesh Upadhyay, former editor of The Kathmandu Post and columnist at Hindustan Times, remarked that Indian analysts suffer from an “imperial gaze” toward smaller neighbors but noted that Chinese attitudes are not significantly different.

Despite the ongoing discourse on the topic, Prime Minister Oli has yet to secure full support for the BRI. While he asserts that loans should not fund BRI projects, key coalition partner Nepali Congress (NC) remains hesitant. On Nov 22, Pankaj Das, who identifies himself as a cadre of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) cadre and observer of Nepal’s geopolitical affairs, noted a shift in NC’s stance. In his post, he said: “When in government, NC opposed the BRI. In opposition, it rejected both loans and grants. Now, as part of the government, it might consider BRI projects if grants are provided.” Das also suggested that NC and the UML have already agreed in principle to pursue BRI agreements.

Prominent voices on social media have added to the debate. Ajaya Bhadra Khanal, a media personality, suggested that Nepal should carefully examine and remove any suspicious provisions in the BRI implementation plan. In a X (formerly Twitter) post directed at NC General Secretary Gagan Thapa, he emphasized the risks of adopting China’s economic model, which may lead to long-term challenges. Similarly, Pramod Raj Sedhain, a self-taught geopolitical analyst, posted on X that public debate and scrutiny, akin to the Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) discussions, are essential for BRI projects. He advocated for transparency and parliamentary debates to ensure accountability.

The lack of transparency surrounding Nepal’s BRI framework agreement, signed in 2017, has fueled further suspicion. Although a four-page document is publicly available, its official status remains unconfirmed. Vijay Kant Karna, a researcher in international relations, stated in a X post on Nov 21 that secret agreements on strategic projects like the BRI are unacceptable without broad stakeholder consultations. He called for comprehensive discussions, similar to those held for the MCC, to ensure public trust.

“China’s BRI strategic plan needs comprehensive discussions in all stakeholders like MCC. Secret accord without proper discussions in parliament and political parties will not be acceptable,” he stated.

Comparisons to past foreign aid initiatives have also surfaced. Journalist Prakash Timalsina highlighted how King Mahendra successfully leveraged Cold War-era assistance from Russia, India, and China for projects like the Mahendra Highway and Araniko Highway. In response, journalist Birat Anupam remarked that he supports both the MCC and the BRI, a stance he described as rare in Nepal’s polarized discourse. Meanwhile, former Foreign Minister Kamal Thapa criticized political parties for undermining national decision-making by relying on foreign support for their political and economic agendas.

“Political parties who are taking not just political support but also economic support from foreign powers for their interests are gradually losing the decision-making power for the national interest,” Thapa argued.

Jainendra Jeevan, a political analyst, warned the NC against adopting an overly rigid stance on the BRI. He argued that antagonizing China, a global power, could strain relations with the ruling UML and alienate other pro-China groups. Jeevan added that without hidden political or military agendas, foreign initiatives like the MCC and BRI could benefit Nepal. However, he stressed the importance of balanced engagement to safeguard national interests.

As Oli’s visit approaches, he has intensified consultations with coalition partners and stakeholders. While dozens of bilateral issues could be addressed, the BRI dominates public discourse. Oli’s previous visits to China were marked by major agreements: the 2016 Transit and Transport Agreement and discussions on railway projects in 2018. The 2024 visit is poised to center on the BRI. Although Oli has not explicitly outlined his agenda, he has emphasized the need for tangible outcomes from the trip.

Interestingly, social media trends reveal a gradual consensus even among NC-leaning experts, who now acknowledge the importance of engaging with the BRI while opposing loans. Left-leaning intellectuals, on the other hand, have long advocated for concessional loans under the BRI framework. This evolving sentiment underscores the complexity of Nepal's position. While the BRI offers economic opportunities, its dominance in public discourse has overshadowed other pressing bilateral issues with China.

In the backdrop of these debates, public demand for transparency and accountability grows louder. Citizens, analysts, and politicians alike agree that robust discussions, both in Parliament and the public sphere, are essential for any agreements under the BRI. Lessons from past controversies, like the MCC, highlight the importance of open dialogue and clear communication to prevent misunderstandings and foster trust.

The stakes of Prime Minister Oli’s upcoming visit are high. Balancing the BRI’s potential benefits with its financial and geopolitical implications will require careful diplomacy. At the same time, ensuring that domestic consensus aligns with national interests remains challenging.

Top leaders’ take

“During my visit, there will be no agreements related to loans. However, the claim that Nepal is at risk of falling into a debt trap is untrue. If we ever need loans, we are free to seek them from any source.” - Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli

“Nepal should not take loans from China under the BRI, as the country lacks the capacity to handle such financial commitments. However, we are open to accepting grants.” - Sher Bahadur Deuba, NC President

“Nepal should proceed with the BRI projects, as they align with our national interests. Having already joined the BRI framework, we must move forward to realize its potential benefits.” - Madhav Kumar Nepal, CPN (Unified Socialist) Chairperson

“Consultations between the Nepali Congress and the CPN-UML regarding Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli’s visit to China are ongoing. There are no significant differences between the two parties, and I am traveling to China to assist with preparations for the visit.” - Arzu Rana Deuba, Minister for Foreign Affairs

“Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli is facing pressure during this trip because the ruling coalition partner, the Nepali Congress, opposes certain aspects of the BRI. Specifically, the NC is firmly against taking any loans. It will be interesting to see how China views this dynamic during the visit.” - Jhala Nath Khanal, CPN (Unified Socialist) senior leader

“The agreements signed with China in the past must be implemented during PM Oli’s visit. The BRI projects should be executed in both letter and spirit, and the implementation plan must be finalized during this trip.” - Pushpa Kamal Dahal, CPN (Maoist Center) Chairperson

Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign Affairs Narayan Kaji Shrestha, who is on an official visit to China, has completed his key meetings in Beijing.

He engaged in bilateral discussions with his Chinese counterpart, Wang Yi, covering a wide array of bilateral matters. Additionally, senior leaders of the Communist Party of China (CPC) also met with Shrestha to explore avenues for strengthening party-to-party relations. While Shrestha’s visit held symbolic significance, no tangible agreement was reached on specific issues. However, the Chinese side emphasized the significance of Shrestha selecting China for his inaugural foreign trip after taking charge of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 

Based on official statements issued post-meetings and scrutiny of Chinese media coverage, it appears that China primarily raised two concerns during the discussions: The advancement of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and Nepal’s reaffirmed commitment to its security interests. Despite China's push for Nepal to sign a BRI implementation plan, no progress was made during Shrestha's visit. Nevertheless, Shrestha conveyed Prime Minister Pushpa Kamal Dahal’s assurance that Nepal would soon sign the document.

Foreign Minister Shrestha also provided reassurances to the Chinese side regarding Nepal’s steadfast adherence to the ‘one-China policy’, particularly in light of the recent Taiwanese election results. China has been seeking reaffirmation of this policy from neighboring countries since the victory of William Lai Ching-te from the Democratic Progressive Party in Taiwan’s election earlier this year. Prime Minister Dahal was the first leader from South Asia to make a statement on the same issue

In his meeting with Shrestha, Chinese Foreign Minister Wang emphasized China’s commitment to Nepal as a friendly neighbor and strategic partner, highlighting Nepal’s importance in China’s neighborhood diplomacy. He expressed China's readiness to strengthen the traditional friendship, bolster political mutual trust and collaborate on high-quality Belt and Road Cooperation.

The Chinese side also raised the issue of implementing agreements reached during President Xi Jinping’s visit to Nepal in 2019. Yi noted the historic significance of Xi’s visit in elevating bilateral relations and praised the success of Dahal’s visit to China the previous year, which led to essential consensus on enhancing China-Nepal relations.

Foreign Minister Shrestha said the new government of Nepal attaches great importance to China. He reiterated Nepal’s willingness to collaborate on advancing the BRI and joining the Group of Friends of the Global Development Initiative. 

Notably, there was no mention of China’s Global Security Initiatives and Global Civilizational Initiatives during this visit, despite discussions on these topics in previous years. The formation of a new coalition government has sparked interest in Beijing, hinting at potential progress in bilateral relations.

The joint press statement issued after Prime Minister Pushpa Kamal Dahal’s China visit contains elements that can drag Nepal into the geopolitical rivalry between China and US, experts have warned. They fear that the statement may even give rise to questions over Nepal’s long-standing policy of non-alignment.

It is obvious that Nepal does not want to get caught in the US-China rivalry. But Clause 6 of the statement reads, “Recognizing that the Government of the People’s Republic of China is the sole legal Government representing the whole of China, and Taiwan is an inalienable part of China’s territory, the Nepali side is against ‘Taiwan independence’.”

Though not explicitly mentioned in the document, parts of GCI and GSI have been incorporated in the press statement.  In the past, Nepal used to reaffirm its commitment to one-China policy without further elaboration. The document explicitly states that Nepali side is against Taiwanese independence. The document further says that Nepali Nepali side reiterated its firm commitment to the one-China principle.

Geopolitical analyst Vijay Kanta Karna argues that it is wrong to mention “principle” instead of “policy” in the joint statement. “How will Nepal apply this principle in other areas?” he questions, describing the use of the word “principle” instead of “policy” in the document as ‘very concerning and disturbing’.

According to Karna, Nepal has been consistently expressing commitment to “one-China policy” in the official document without much talk about Taiwan. Now, however, Nepal itself has gotten involved in this issue, he observes, “Nepal has become a part of international geopolitics between America and China unnecessarily, This is an unwarranted statement.”

This policy is different from the policy that the erstwhile Sher Bahadur Deuba government had adopted. When US House Speaker Nancy Pelosi’s 2022 visit to Taiwan caused tensions, Nepal just said it was closely following the developments and reiterated its commitment to one-China policy, despite pressure from the Chinese side to side with it on the issue of Taiwan. The statement shows Nepal is trying to align with China’s national security, Karna says.

Foreign policy expert Gopal Khanal agrees that there was no need for Nepal to mention Taiwan in the joint statement because our one-China policy covers all issues. As there was no progress on BRI, Dahal agreed to such a language to appease the Chinese, Khanal says: Such acts may put us in a difficult situation.

On Global Security Initiatives (GSI) and Global Civilizational Initiative (GCI), China expected Nepal to support and welcome the initiatives. According to the officials, this was mentioned in the first draft of the statement, only to be omitted after the Nepali side did not agree. Nepal has welcomed the Global Development Initiative (GDI) with two projects under it already implemented in the country.

“China supports Nepal’s independent choice of social system and development path that suits its national conditions,” the joint statement reads further, in a marked departure from the past. 

PM Dahal’s China visit has failed to make remarkable progress on development cooperation and it was heavily focused on security issues. Per the statement, the two sides agreed to expedite the ratification of the China-Nepal Treaty on Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters, though the matter is sub-judice in Nepal’s Supreme Court.

The reasons behind the inclusion of terms like ‘social system’ and ‘development path’ in the joint statement aren’t clear, either. According to analyst Karna, ‘social system’ is a part of GCI and Nepal’s development path has already been determined in Nepal’s Constitution and there are no questions over it in Nepal. Experts fear that such carelessness on the part of the PM may affect Nepal’s principled position of not engaging in great power confrontations and sticking to the policy of non-alignment.

Prime Minister and CPN (Maoist Center) Chairman Pushpa Kamal Dahal has briefed the party about his recent visit to the United States of America to attend the 78th Session of United Nations General Assembly and the subsequent official visit to China.

In a meeting of the party office-bearers today, Dahal said Nepal's participation in the UNGA had helped promote Nepal's identity globally.  "From Nepal's participation in the UN mega event, the world community could know about Nepal better."

Talking about his visit to the northern neighbor, the Prime Minister said bilateral agreements and understandings reached during the visit were of long-term importance for Nepal's development, according to party Vice-Chairman and spokesperson Agni Prasad Sapkota.

"The meeting with the UN general secretary and other meetings held on the sidelines of the event were important," the Prime Minister was quoted as saying in the party meeting.

The Prime Minister was learnt to have described the agreement for cooperation between the National Planning Commission and China's National Development and Reform Commission, on the development of cross-border transmission lines and on agriculture and science technology as important ones.

 The meeting instructed the party leaders and cadres to contribute to making the ' transformation campaign' launched by the party since September 2 successful.

Prime Minister Dahal Dahal had on September 16 departed for the United Nations headquarters in New York and had directly embarked on the China visit from there, beginning on September 23.  He returned home on September 30.

Prime Minister Pushpa Kamal Dahal, who is currently on a week-long visit to China, has skipped the disputed issues between two countries, a similar approach that he adopted when he visited India in May this year. 

Dahal on Monday completed his official engagements in Beijing. He held talks with Chinese President Xi Jinping, his counterpart Li Qiang and Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress of China Zhao Leji.  

In the meeting with Dahal, according to Xinhua News Agency, Xi said that China and Nepal have set an example of equal treatment and win-win cooperation between big and small countries. The Chinese leader, like always, also raised the issue of China’s concerns in Kathmandu, mainly of security interests.

Due to the fluid domestic political situation in Nepal and growing activities of Western powers, China is more concerned than ever about its security, according to an official. The two sides should always understand and support each other on issues concerning each other’s core interests and major concerns, and constantly consolidate the political foundation of bilateral relations, Xi told Dahal.

Dahal tried to reassure Nepal's firm adherence to the one-China policy. Both Taiwan and Tibet are inalienable parts of China's territory, and Nepal will not allow any forces to use its territory to undermine China’s sovereignty and security, Xinhua quoted Dahal as saying in the meeting. Another key priority of China was the Belt and Road Initiative, which was prominently figured out in all meetings in Beijing, including with Xi. 

Noting that the two countries have made progress in BRI and the Trans-Himalayan Multi-Dimensional Connectivity Network has taken shape, according to Chinese media, Xi urged efforts from both sides to promote infrastructure connectivity and expand transit transportation cooperation to help Nepal transform itself from a land-locked country to a land-linked at an early date. 

Dahal appreciated the BRI and expressed keenness to join it, but there was no concrete progress on the matter. Of late, there are confusions about China’s BRI in Nepal. China has listed Pokhara International Airport under the BRI on which Nepal disagrees.  A statement issued by Nepal's Foreign Ministry after Dahal's high-level engagement with Beijing leaders, does not mention anything about BRI. Over the past few months, Nepal has refused to mention BRI in the press statement, without providing any reasons behind it.  But, there is a mention of BRI in the joint press statement. 

A report published in The Global Times on September 24 says: “Nepal is also a beneficiary of the China-proposed Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), through which Nepal has become a land-linked country from a landlocked one.” 

The Pokhara International Airport, which the Chinese company China CAMC Engineering Co (CAMCE) helped build in Nepal, is a typical example, the report says, the project started in July 2017, and China provided a soft loan to nepal for this project, which not only created a model of development cooperation but also effectively guaranteed the smooth implementation of the project. 

The much-anticipated deal on energy trade between Nepal and China did not materialize during Dahal’s visit. Weeks before his trip, the prime minister had publicly said that he would sign the energy trade deal with China.  Similarly, the two sides had exchanged a draft of the BRI implementation plan, but the issue was skipped, citing the lack of sufficient homework.  Though Nepal is keen on signing the trade agreement with China, experts say, prospects of power trade between the two countries are very slim. 

Over the past few months, there have been talks about China’s Global Security Initiative (GSI), Global Development Initiative (GDI) and Global Civilizational Initiatives (GCI). Though the two sides touched upon these issues in Beijing, there was no concrete outcome.  Chinese Ambassador to Nepal Chen Song briefly mentioned those initiatives through his X handle: “ … Dahal said that Nepal supports a series of important concepts and initiatives proposed by President Xi and is willing to work with China to promote the development of the international order in a more just and reasonable direction.”  

Over the past few years, mainly after Xi Jinping’s Nepal visit in 2019, China has been focusing more on strategic partnership, a term China often uses in bilateral talks with countries from the Global South.  The Chinese Foreign Ministry said China stands ready to work with Nepal to deepen strategic mutual trust, expand practical cooperation and elevate strategic cooperative partnership to a new height through the visit. 

It seems PM Dahal did not raise the map issue with China despite pressure at home. A new map issued by China a few weeks back does not recognize the new map that Nepal’s Parliament had endorsed in 2020. The statement issued by Nepal's ministry does not say anything about the map issue.

Agreements between two countries

·         Cooperating in the field of science, technology and innovation

·         Letter of exchange on human resources

·         Letter of exchange on providing disaster relief to Nepal  

·         Cooperation in the field of agriculture livestock and fisheries

·         Joint technical working group to review Nepal-China payment agreement

·         Export of plant-derived medicinal materials from Nepal to China

·         Cooperation in translation and publication

·         Handover of certificate of the production and living materials for northern hilly region of Nepal

·         Cooperation in digital economy

·         Cooperation on green and low-carbon development

·         Agreement on implementation of Sijali higher secondary school project

PM Dahal says 

• I am confident and optimistic that China-Nepal relations will be further consolidated, which will reach a new height during my tenure.
• Nepal views China’s development trajectory as an opportunity, with the BRI serving as a suitable platform for enhancing trans-Himalayan multidimensional connectivity. 
• This connectivity has great potential for realizing Nepal’s economic goals while acting as a vibrant bridge between the two largest economies in Asia and also between China and South Asia. 
• A Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) has been signed between China and Nepal, solidifying mutual commitment to the BRI. We are fully prepared to take the maximum benefits from this cooperative framework.
• Nepali people have high expectations for the China-Nepal railway, and they are eager for the railway project to commence as soon as possible
• Nepal's relations with both China and India are guided by principles of good neighborliness, peaceful coexistence, and a non-aligned foreign policy. Nepal deals with China and India independently. 
• Our relationship with one neighbor will not be influenced by our relationship with the other, nor will we seek to play one against the other.
• Both neighbors are close friends and important development partners. We will continue to develop our relationships with both the neighbors on a bilateral basis. 
• If any differences arise with either of them, such issues will be resolved through friendly bilateral negotiations. 
• China’s socialism and Mao’s ideas offer us valuable insights to improve the socio-economic status of the oppressed and economically disadvantaged class of people.
• Our key priorities with China include early and time-bound implementation of previously agreed upon agendas and understandings. At the same time, we want to further boost economic cooperation. 
• Our particular emphasis is to attract more Chinese direct investments in Nepal, promote trans-Himalayan connectivity networks, increase Nepali exports to China, and address Nepal's trade deficit.

An excerpt of Dahal’s interview published in The Global Times

Major points of joint press statement 

Nepal and China have come up with a joint statement after the official talks. Here are the major highlights: 

• The two sides will maintain the momentum of high-level exchanges, deepen political mutual trust, and expand exchanges and cooperation at all levels between the two countries. 
• The Nepali side reiterated its firm commitment to the one-China principle. Recognizing that the Government of the People’s Republic of China is the sole legal Government representing the whole of China, and Taiwan is an inalienable part of China’s territory, the Nepali side is against “Taiwan independence.” The Nepali side reiterated that Tibet affairs are China’s internal affairs, that it will never allow any separatist activities against China on Nepal’s soil.
• Two sides expressed their commitment to accelerate the consultations to finalize the text on the BRI Implementation Plan at an early date. They expressed readiness to exchange experiences on their development strategies, deepen practical cooperation in such fields as infrastructure connectivity, trade, tourism, production capacity and investment, and further deepen and solidify Belt and Road cooperation to deliver greater benefits to their peoples.
• Both sides agreed to accelerate the feasibility study of the Tokha-Chhare Tunnel project, recognizing that the project will elevate the level of connectivity between the two countries.
• The two sides expressed satisfaction over the progress of the feasibility study of the Jilong/Keyrung-Kathmandu Cross-Border Railway, and planned to hold the 8th Working Meeting on China-Nepal Railway Cooperation as early as possible. The Chinese side is ready to help Nepal train railway professionals. 
• . The two sides agreed to undertake joint inspection of China-Nepal boundary
• The two sides maintained that law enforcement cooperation is of great significance to the security of the two countries, and agreed to further strengthen information exchange, capacity building and cooperation on training between their law enforcement institutions. The two sides agreed to expedite the ratification of the China-Nepal Treaty on Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters
• The two sides agreed to strengthen cooperation within the framework of the United Nations and other multilateral mechanisms to uphold the common interest of developing countries. The two sides support the multilateral trading system, and oppose protectionism
• The two sides expressed satisfaction over the outcomes of Prime Minister Prachanda’s visit to China, and agreed that the visit is of great significance to advancing the China-Nepal Strategic Partnership of Cooperation Featuring Ever-lasting Friendship for Development and Prosperity. 

During Prime Minister Pushpa Kamal Dahal’s official visit to China, the Confederation of Nepalese Industries (CNI) and the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade (CCPIT) have solidified their commitment to strengthen economic ties and cooperation between Nepal and China.

This understanding culminated in the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between CNI and CCPIT. The MoU paves the way for the establishment of the Nepal-China Business Council, reflecting the deep-rooted friendship and the strategic geographical proximity between the two nations.

The primary objective of the Nepal-China Business Council is to enhance bilateral economic cooperation between the two friendly nations. To achieve these goals, CNI and CCPIT have outlined a comprehensive roadmap, including the formation of the council itself. Under the terms of the MoU, the Nepal China Business Council will consist of four members, with two representatives nominated by each organization. CNI will appoint two office bearers, and CCPIT will nominate two members to serve on the council.

Likewise the council’s functions will encompass the exchange of valuable information and insights to streamline business activities, conducting research and study-related initiatives, creating networking opportunities to fuel growth in business, trade, and investment, and organizing exchange visits, conferences, dialogues, webinars, seminars, focused group discussions, training programs, and trade fairs to explore and introduce markets and trade opportunities, while also examining policies and regulations in both countries.

Prime Minister Pushpa Kamal Dahal has said that he was excited from the meeting and discussions with Chinese President Xi Jinping held on Saturday.

Prime Minister Dahal said so this evening while addressing a reception organized by the Embassy of Nepal in Beijing.

The talks remained very fruitful and it would contribute to further deepening the bilateral relations, the PM expressed his confidence.

“The China visit this time has become unique and remarkable achievements have been made. I have realized that a further environment of confidence has been created for the country from the talks,” he added.

Likewise, the PM said that the visit has added a new chapter in the centuries-old Nepal-China relations adding that the discussions were also held on the areas of investment in new sectors for the development assistance in Nepal.

During his speech at the reception, the PM said that his government has taken the policy to collaborate also with the private sector.

The PM further said that his visit was focused on making different dimensions of Nepal-China relations more robust and ensure cooperation and understanding in the areas of agriculture, tourism, health, education and others in future.

Earlier, the PM had addressed the Nepal-China Business Summit on the theme “Facilitating Investments in Nepal: An Interaction with Chinese Business Enterprises” in Beijing urging the investors from China to invest in Nepal and reap benefits.

Prime Minister Pushpa Kamal Dahal is leaving for a seven-day official visit to China.

Issuing a statement on Thursday, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs said that Prime Minister Dahal is leaving for a seven-day official visit to the northern neighbor from September 23-30.

He is leaving for China at the invitation of his Chinese counterpart Li Qiang.

Nepal government’s ministers will also take part in the Prime Minister’s China visit.

The Foreign Minister said that Minister for Foreign Affairs NP Saud, Drinking Water Minister Mahendra Raya Yadav and Physical Infrastructure and Transport Minister Prakash Jwala among others will take part in the visit.

Prime Minister Dahal, who is leaving for Hangzhou of China straight from New York on September 22, is scheduled to call on Chinese President Xi on September 23.

The next day, he will meet his Chinese counterpart, Li Qiang.

He will also meet Beijing-based National People's Congress Standing Committee Chairman Zhao Leji.

Similarly, Prime Minister Dahal is scheduled to address the China-Nepal Investment Conference jointly organized by the Nepali Embassy in Beijing.

Prior to that, he will participate in the opening ceremony of the 19th Asian Games to be held in Hangzhou on September 23.

Prime Minister Dahal is scheduled to visit Chongqing Municipality to observe agricultural and industrial development.

The Foreign Ministry said that the Prime Minister is also scheduled to visit Lhasa, the capital of the Tibet Autonomous Region.

He is currently in New York to take part in the 78^th session of the United Nations General Assembly.

Wrapping up his seven-day visit to China, he will return home on September 30.

Prime Minister Pushpa Kamal Dahal has apprised the Parliament of his New York and China visit.

Dahal is scheduled to meet Chinese President Xi Jinping in Hangzhou.

Prime Minister Dahal, who is leaving for Hangzhou of China straight from New York on September 22, is scheduled to call on Chinese President Xi on September 23.

After meeting the Chinese President, he will take part in the Asian Games.

The next day, he will meet his Chinese counterpart, Li Qiang.

Prime Minister Dahal said that bilateral agreements will be signed between Nepal and China during the meeting with his Chinese counterpart.

He, however, did not reveal anything about the agreements to be signed in the meeting.

Prime Minister Dahal said that Nepal and China have had a close relationship for a long time.

Saying that Nepal and China are development partners, he said that China’s role is very important in Nepal’s development.

Earlier this week, Prime Minister Pushpa Kamal Dahal sought cross-party advice to shape the agenda for the 78th UN General Assembly taking place in New York from Sept 18-26. Dahal’s plans extended beyond the formal assembly proceedings; he wished to gather insights for the high-stakes meetings he is slated to hold with influential world leaders on the assembly’s sidelines. His journey doesn’t end there—he’s also gearing up for a rendezvous with Chinese leaders in Beijing, where he will fly next after attending the UN meeting.   

The gravity of Dahal’s presence in New York cannot be overstated. Since 2018, no Nepali prime minister has graced the UN General Assembly with their physical presence. In the intervening years, the world witnessed virtual addresses by the prime minister and the occasional foreign minister attending on Nepal’s behalf. The Covid-19 pandemic only exacerbated the situation, where remote participation was encouraged.

This year, Dahal is set to make history by addressing the general debate of the 78th UN General Assembly. World leaders will convene to deliberate on how best to confront the multifaceted global polycrisis and expedite the realization of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) will take center stage, rallying leaders and communities alike to reaffirm their commitment to these goals at the halfway mark to 2030.

Another marquee event is the Climate Ambition Summit, scheduled for Sept 20. This presents an invaluable opportunity for leaders to collectively demonstrate their resolve to tackle the ever-escalating climate emergency, as emphasized by the UN.

In the United Nations chamber, Dahal is poised to advocate for several crucial issues. He intends to spotlight the devastating impacts of climate change and the intricate challenges posed by Nepal’s transition from a Least Developed Country (LDC) to a Middle-Income Country, particularly in the realms of international trade and a gamut of socioeconomic concerns.

Crucially, Dahal will strive to reassure the international community regarding the culmination of Nepal’s transitional justice process, aligning it with the Supreme Court’s verdict and international norms. He was planning to present the transitional justice bill in Parliament before his departure to New York, but  the main opposition, CPN-UML, didn’t cooperate.

But  Dahal has to understand that even as he endeavors to advance his vision, the international community remains skeptical of the current bill, challenging his resolve to forge ahead.

Of late, the Dahal government is under immense pressure to expedite the transitional justice process. During a visit by US officials to Nepal, they inquired the Nepali leaders about the transitional justice process, perhaps prompting Dahal to feel the heat.

In New York, the prospect of Dahal holding high-level meetings remains uncertain, with the exception of a photo opportunity with US President Joe Biden. Dahal is at a crossroads, navigating between his pursuit of a blanket amnesty and the resolute international opposition. 

The Beijing leg of his journey presents its own set of challenges, particularly concerning the contentious map issue and the broader development agenda. While he may not have broached this topic during his New Delhi visit, mounting pressure from opposition parties and civil society might compel Dahal to address the map issue unequivocally, at least for domestic consumption.

To further complicate matters, Dahal grapples with other pressing priorities. He must finalize the implementation plan of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) while navigating the delicate terrain of Nepal’s stance on China’s evolving claims regarding the BRI, Global Security Initiative, and Global Civilization Initiative. 

Dahal has long sought to make progress in his dealings with China but exercises caution, especially given security considerations embedded within the proposed plan. His coalition partner, the Nepali Congress, has reservations about embracing the BRI, further complicating matters. With Nepal’s acceptance of the US Millennium Challenge Cooperation fund under the Indo-Pacific Strategy, Beijing is pressuring Dahal to make headway on the BRI.

Last week Dahal also talked about inking a deal on power trade with China, but the chances appear slim. He recognizes the pivotal role played by continuous support from New Delhi and Washington in sustaining his government. Both India and Western powers closely scrutinize Dahal’s China policy. Unfortunately, substantial preparations for his Beijing visit appear lacking, with Foreign Minister NP Saud notably absent from Beijing preparations in favor of the New York leg.

As a prelude to the visit, Nepali Ambassador to Beijing Bishnu Pukar Shrestha engaged with Liu Jinsong, the director-general of the Department of Asian Affairs of the Chinese Foreign Ministry. Their discussions centered on deepening mutual understanding and trust, underscoring Nepal’s unwavering commitment to the One-China policy. Nepal aims to fortify traditional friendship and expand cooperation across diverse domains including the BRI with China. Yet, for China, security remains paramount, and Dahal’s visit presents an opportunity to seek reassurances on this front.

The shadow of the Chinese map issue and the Chinese ambassador's recent comments regarding India cast a pall over Dahal’s visit preparations. Beijing may not harbor high expectations this time around, appearing more amenable to New Delhi. Nevertheless, they favor the continuity of Dahal’s government over the Nepali Congress, recalling their ‘bitter experiences’ with the previous Sher Bahadur Deuba-led administration. Incremental progress and reaffirmations of past agreements may be on the agenda, but transformative breakthroughs seem unlikely. Dahal, now seasoned and matured since 2008, must balance his overtures to Beijing to prevent a change in government—a recurrent theme in Nepali politics dating back to the Panchayat era.

Prime Minister Pushpa Kamal Dahal is scheduled to visit China from Sept 23, following his participation in the 78th United Nations General Assembly in New York. 

While bureaucratic preparations are underway, the prime minister is also engaging in consultations with political leaders to determine key issues to be raised with Chinese leaders. Nepali Ambassador to China Bishnu Pukar Shrestha has been holding meetings with high-ranking Chinese officials to finalize the potential agenda for the visit. 

While the Chinese side is insisting that both sides should focus on implementation of the past agreements, there are some key issues that Dahal needs to raise when he sits with Chinese officials. Foremost among these is China’s new map that does not acknowledge Nepal’s political map launched in 2020. Dahal has already pledged to raise this issue, and the nation is keenly anticipating how he will approach it and how the northern neighbor will react.

Of late, there are confusions in Nepal over some issues raised by China. For example, China has categorized the Pokhara International Airport as a major project under the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Nepali authorities have consistently refuted this claim, yet the Chinese side has not clarified its stance. Likewise, there are confusions on BRI even eight years after signing of the agreement. It is the duty of the Prime Minister Dahal to articulate Nepal's concerns on the initiative.

Furthermore, there are confusions in both the political and diplomatic circles of Nepal about China’s new initiatives such as Global Security Initiative and Global Civilization Initiative. Chinese Ambassador to Nepal Chen Song recently said that Nepal is already a part of GCI. His predecessor, Hou Yanqi, too, had publicly declared that Nepal had joined the GSI.

Another pressing issue is the absence of a joint border inspection between Nepal and China. This has given rise to various issues including allegations of border encroachment by China. During his visit, Dahal should urge Beijing for a joint inspection of the border. While there are other bilateral matters that require attention, it is paramount that Dahal take up the aforementioned issues with Beijing. If both sides are genuinely committed to elevating the bilateral relationship to a new level, they must resolve these outstanding issues first.

In a multiparty democracy, even if there are differences among the parties on other issues, let us establish the tradition of maintaining national consensus on foreign relations and foreign policy and always follow it. No one should make an open or opaque agreement with any foreign power against national interest for political parties, factions and private interests. In the context of a new Cold War (or Hot War?) unfolding with Asia at the center, Nepal should pay attention to its unique geo-strategic location. 

On one hand, we have to end the traditional dominance of some entity and maintain our complete independence/sovereignty/geographical integrity. On the other, we have to prevent our fall into the abyss. With regard to PM Pushpa Kamal Dahal’s visit to China, emphasis should be on implementation of previous agreements and quick construction of physical and other infrastructure that will connect Nepal with China’s vast market.

The author is a former prime minister

Prime Minister Pushpa Kamal Dahal said that his visit to China will be fruitful and effective.

The Prime Minister, who will leave for China after taking part in  the United Nations General Assembly in New York, had called a meeting on Sunday morning to discuss the agendas.

After receiving the suggestions, Prime Minister Dahal said that he is trying to make his upcoming visit to China more fruitful.

“I will try to make the visit effective by fixing the agendas keeping in mind the suggestions given by you,” he said.

Before leaving for the northern neighbor, former prime ministers and foreign ministers said that it is necessary to review the implementation status of the agreements made with him in the past.

The participants suggested to the Prime Minister to convince the neighboring countries about the non-aligned foreign policy of Nepal, maintain balanced diplomatic relations, take into consideration the issues of mutual concern and including each other’s security.

In response, Prime Minister Dahal said that he is committed to maintaining balanced relationships with all the countries of the world including the neighbors and Nepal’s non-aligned foreign policy.

Similarly, the Prime Minister said that he will appraise the United Nations General Assembly of Nepal’s peace process, development efforts and impact of climate change among others.

Former prime minister KP Sharma Oli, Sher Bahadur Deuba, Madhav Kumar Nepal, Democratic Socialist Party Chairman Mahantha Thakur, Janamat Party Chairman CK Raut and Rastriya Janamorcha Party Chairman Chitra Bahadur KC among others were present in the meeting.

Prime Minister Dahal is leaving for New York to take part in the United Nations General Assembly on September 16.

He is scheduled to leave for China from there.

Nepal has an extensive list of requests that it hopes to receive assistance from China during Prime Minister Pushpa Kamal Dahal’s upcoming trip to China. One of them is getting Chinese assistance for a detailed project report (DPR) of Tokha-Chhahare Tunnel. 

Officials from Nepal’s Ministry of Physical Infrastructure and Transport (MoPIT) stated that Nepal plans to ask China to bear the expenses for conducting the Detailed Project Report (DPR) of the tunnel. According to Arjun Jung Thapa, joint secretary at MoPIT, the ministry has already communicated with the Foreign Ministry to include the Tokha- Chhahare Tunnel in the agendas of the Prime Minister’s visit. 

On 13 October 2019, Nepal and China entered into a memorandum of understanding (MoU), outlining China’s assistance in constructing two segments of the road connecting Kathmandu and Rasuwagadhi. The first stretch of the road will span 32 kilometers, starting from Tokha in Kathmandu and extending to Chhahare in Nuwakot, including a 4.17-kilometer tunnel. The second section, spanning 19 kilometers, will connect Mailung with Syaphrubesi in Rasuwa district.

The road project serves as a vital link for connectivity between Nepal and China, and upon its completion, it will lead to a reduction in both the distance and the travel time between Kathmandu and Rasuwagadhi.

According to the Department of Road, the Tokha-Chhahare tunnel project has received significant priority from the government in the current fiscal year. Out of the total budget of Rs 1.94bn allocated for the tunnel road development program in the 2023/24 federal budget, Rs 1.25bn has been earmarked for the Tokha-Chhahare tunnel road. However, the detailed project report (DPR) and the environmental impact assessment (EIA) report for the Tokha-Chhahare road are yet to be prepared. Currently, a technical team from the China Communication Construction Company is conducting a study of the tunnel. 

The upgradation of roads linking the northern neighbor has also been proposed by the MoPIT. According to Thapa, the ministry has sent a proposal for upgrading three highways—Karnali Corridor, Koshi Corridor, and Araniko Highway to be included in the Prime Minister’s agenda. 

Thapa said that the ministry has forwarded the list of road projects linking with the Chinese border and the Tokha-Chhahare Tunnel to the Foreign Ministry. “It is up to the Foreign Ministry to finalize them,” he said. 

Among them is the upgradation of the 290-kilometer Hilsa-Khulalu segment of the Karnali Corridor. According to the department, the track opening is left in the 3-kilometer stretch of this segment. 

The ministry has also included the upgradation of the Dhulikhel-Tatopani segment of the Araniko Highway. The ministry has proposed to upgrade the 84-kilometer segment into a two-lane road with Chinese assistance. The 144-kilometer Araniko Highway was built with Chinese assistance in 1967. 

The blacktopping of a 162-kilometer road in the Koshi Corridor is amongst the road projects where Nepal is seeking Chinese assistance. Currently, the Nepal Army is doing track opening of this road.

The construction of the Khutiya-Dipayal-Chainpur-Taklakot road is a new road project for which the government is looking for Chinese help.

The government should chalk out agendas before Prime Minister Pushpa Kamal Dahal’s visit to China. Such preparations are standard for any official visit. However, the government’s main focus should be on executing the agreements inked with China in the past. We have many agreements with our northern neighbor awaiting implementation. 

Additionally, the government should actively engage with the Chinese government to boost the arrival of Chinese tourists to Nepal. Bringing in more tourists is vital for the growth of Nepal’s tourism industry.

Regarding the recent alterations to China’s map, it is imperative for the government of Nepal to engage in diplomatic discussions with Chinese officials. Prior to this, the government should ensure that the international community is duly informed about Nepal’s updated map. It’s worth noting that the map issue was not taken up during the PM’s visit to India, even though it’s an important matter concerning our bilateral relationship.

The author is a former ambassador of Nepal to China

A high-level delegation of the CPN-UML is visiting China at the invitation of Communist Party of China (CPC).

A team led by UML General Secretary Shankar Pokharel will head towards Beijing, the Capital of China, via Guangzhou next week.

The delegation led by General Secretary Pokharel, who has already become the Chief Minister of Lumbini Province, will stay in the northern neighbor for two weeks.

According to a source, the UML leaders will leave for Beijing on Sunday.

A UML leader said that the General Secretary Pokharel-led team will hold a meeting with senior leaders of the Communist Party of China.

The Foreign Department of the Communist Party of China had invited the UML delegation to visit China.

“A high-level team led by the General Secretary is leaving for China at the invitation of Communist Party of China,” the UML leader said.

The Communist Party of China has also invited a high-level delegation of the UML to visit China at a time when preparations are being made for Prime Minister Pushpa Kamal Dahal’s visit.

A team led by CPN (Maoist Center) Vice-Chairman Agni Sapkota had also visited China on May 19.

On August 10, CPN (Maoist Center) General Secretary Dev Gurung left for China.  Gurung, who had left for the northern neighbor to make preparations for Prime Minister Dahal’s China visit, has already returned home.

On August 16, a team led by Major General Yue Ande, the Tibet Military Commander of the Chinese People's Liberation Army came to Nepal.