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Experts have stressed the critical need to conserve the Chure region for the prosperity of Madhesh.

During a two-day orientation on "Chure conservation and development", organized by the Specialized Research Center of the Nepal Academy of Science and Technology (NAST), in Madhesh Province at Bardibas, experts noted that daily life in Madhesh is closely linked to the Chure region, and its conservation is a shared responsibility.

On the first day of the event, Dr. Sohan Prasad Shah, Vice Chair of the Madhesh Province Policy and Planning Commission, said that the livelihood of the people in Madhesh is interconnected with the Chure in many ways, including energy, drinking water, environment, and irrigation.

He stressed that the conservation of the Chure should be the priority of all. On the concluding day, Dr. Nagendra Prasad Yadav, an expert in the field, stressed the need to assess the challenges facing the Chure and the obstacles to its conservation.

He urged the three-tier government and relevant stakeholders to implement planned programs to find sustainable solutions for the issues affecting the Chure.

Experts pointed out that the Chure is a source of natural heritage and that clear policies are required for the responsible utilization of these resources for human benefit, with proper implementation.

Dr. Binod Bhatta, an expert on Chure and climate change, moderated a session titled "Chure Conservation: Whose Concern, Whose Responsibility?" and presented a working paper on the topic.

Another expert, Nagdev Yadav, gave a presentation on successful local-level practices to conserve the Chure region and mitigate the adverse impacts of climate change on the forests, watersheds, and surrounding areas.

His presentation highlighted the control of rivulets along the Chure hills, water refilling ponds, landslide control, and afforestation practices. Experts emphasized that Chure conservation efforts should be based on applied science.

Dr. Rabindra Prasad Dhakal, NAST Secretary was also present at the event.

The resident doctors pursuing their Master's Degree from private medical colleges would now receive stipend from the government.

Minister for Education, Science and Technology Bidya Bhattarai and Minister for Health and Population Pradip Paudel took this decision on Monday.

The minister duo also decided to write to the concerned agencies to provide stipend to the resident doctors.

As decided, the Master's Level resident doctors would receive at least Rs 25,000 in the first year, Rs 30,000 in the second year and Rs 35,000 in the third year.

Such a provision will come into practice from the Fiscal Year 2081/082.

The 15th meeting of the Medical Education Commission chaired by Commission's Chairman and Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli on November 24, 2024 had entrusted the responsibility to the Health Minister and Education Minister to resolve the issue of stipend to the resident doctors pursuing their Master's degree in the private colleges.

Wildfires have become an increasingly frequent and devastating phenomenon in many regions around the world. Los Angeles continues to battle devastating wildfires, including the Palisades and Eaton fires, which have collectively burned approximately 23,000 acres—an area significantly larger than Manhattan. The death toll has tragically risen to at least 16, with nearly 153,000 residents forced to evacuate their homes under mandatory orders, while an additional 166,000 remain on high alert. These wildfires have destroyed approximately 12,000 structures, including homes, schools, and cultural landmarks such as the historic Will Rogers Ranch House. Preliminary estimates suggest insured losses could surpass $20bn, potentially making these fires the costliest in US history, while overall economic losses are projected to reach $150bn, factoring in infrastructure damage and business disruptions.

The wildfires in Los Angeles also contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions. According to a report by the California Air Resources Board, the 2020 wildfire season alone released an estimated 112m metric tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, equivalent to the annual emissions of 25m cars. These emissions exacerbate global warming, creating a feedback loop where rising temperatures lead to drier conditions, which in turn fuel more fires. Furthermore, wildfires destroy vegetation that would otherwise act as a carbon sink, reducing the planet’s capacity to offset emissions. The loss of biodiversity, soil degradation, and the release of other pollutants like methane and nitrous oxide further compound the climate crisis.

Wildfires also have a profound impact on water resources. The intense heat and destruction of vegetation reduce the land’s ability to absorb water, increasing runoff and the risk of flash floods. This phenomenon was observed after the 2018 Woolsey Fire, where post-fire rains caused significant mudslides in affected areas. Additionally, wildfires contaminate water supplies. Burned vegetation releases harmful chemicals into rivers and reservoirs, while ash and debris clog water treatment systems. A study by the US Geological Survey found that sedimentation rates in reservoirs can increase by up to 30 percent following major fires, reducing water storage capacity and increasing treatment costs.

In 2019/20, the wildfire season in Australia was such a historically unprecedented event, burning large areas of catchments that provide drinking water to the 5.5m residents of the Sydney metro area and threatening numerous aquatic species with extinction. Likewise, in the Western United States, the area burned in the 2020 wildfire season was 1.7m hectares, the largest annual area burned recorded in the historical records in the United States. These fires caused extensive destruction as well, including the extinction of water distribution systems valued at tens of millions of dollars, and significant warnings of debris flows.

As the climate heats up and dries out and human activities continue to expand, threats to water security grow more intense. If hydroclimatic extremes (with increasing overlaps of the population exposed to extreme hydroclimatic events like wildfires and droughts) coincide with expanding human activities, water crises become increasingly frequent and intense. Warming due to climate change is linked to increased fire risk, even in areas that have long been unaccustomed to wildfires. Warmer weather dries out vegetation, making it easier to ignite, burn hotter and allow fire to spread farther and faster. WWR (wildfire-watershed risks) are an overall global problem that needs proactive action.

To address WWR, we need better governance of forests and water—and it starts with knowing where they are at risk. Countries prone to wildfires should invest in advanced technologies like satellite monitoring and AI-based early warning systems. California's use of drones and thermal imaging to detect hotspots has been instrumental in early fire containment. Controlled burns and forest thinning can reduce fuel loads, minimizing the risk and intensity of wildfires. Australia’s “fire-stick farming”—a traditional Indigenous practice—offers a valuable model for managing vegetation sustainably. Governments must ensure that water infrastructure is resilient to fire-related contamination. Developing rapid-response systems to clean and restore water supplies is critical for maintaining water security in affected areas. Urban areas near fire-prone regions should implement fire-resistant building codes and create buffer zones of non-flammable vegetation. These measures can significantly reduce damage and ensure safer communities.

The experiences of Los Angeles underline the urgency of addressing the interconnected challenges of climate change and water security. Global cooperation is essential to share knowledge, technology, and resources for wildfire prevention and management. Countries must also prioritize reducing greenhouse gas emissions to mitigate the broader impacts of climate change. As wildfires become a global concern, the lessons from LA Fires serve as a stark reminder of the need for proactive measures. By learning from California’s successes and shortcomings, nations can build more resilient ecosystems and communities to withstand the growing threats of a changing climate.

The author is special advisor for South Asia at Parley Policy Initiative, Republic of Korea. He is a regular commentator on the issues of Water Security and Climate change issues in South Asia. Views expressed are personal

The Embassy of Israel together with the Embassy of the Federal Republic of Germany marked the International Holocaust Day with a solemn “Memorial Event and Exhibition titled Auschwitz- A Place on Earth” on Monday in Kathmandu.

On the occasion, six candles were lit, honoring the six million Jewish people, who were brutally and systematically murdered during the Holocaust. A moving testimony from a Holocaust survivor was also screened, providing a powerful first-hand account of unimaginable suffering and survival.

Underlining the lessons of history, Dr Surya Prasad Sharma Dhungel, Member of the National Human Rights Commission, stated, “The Holocaust was not merely a tragedy of the Jewish people or Europe- it was a failure of humanity itself. It serves as a reminder of what can happen when hatred is normalized, when prejudice goes unchecked, and when justice is denied,” reads a statement issued by the Embassy of Israel.

Expressing solidarity, US Ambassador to Nepal Dean R. Thompson highlighted the shared responsibility to stand against anti-Semitism, racism, and all forms of hatred and intolerance. He conveyed greetings from the Secretary of State of Marco Rubio, who reaffirmed his unwavering support for the Holocaust survivors and their heirs, according to the statement. He stated, “I am confident that we will continue to be a partner in remembering and honoring the period of such devastation.”

Speaking at the event, Benjamin Siedel, Deputy Chief of Mission, on behalf of Dr Thomas Heinrich Prinz, German Ambassador to Nepal stated, “While today is primarily a day of remembrance, it is also a call to action. The Holocaust did not begin with gas chambers; it began with words- words of hate, division, and dehumanization. The sobering reality underscores our shared responsibility as democratic citizens to stand resolutely against anti-Semitism, racism, xenophobia, and all forms of discrimination.”

Shmulik Arie Bass, Ambassador of Israel stated, “Humanity must commemorate this day in memory of the victims to educate younger generations, emphasizing that a tragedy of such magnitude is never repeated." He further remarked, "On January 27, 2005, the United Nations General Assembly held its first special session to commemorate the Holocaust, marking the 60th anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz. For the first time, a Yad Vashem Museum exhibition was displayed at the UN building in New York, and the anthem of hope, “Hatikvah,” was sung. That year marked a pivotal effort to promote Holocaust remembrance within the UN, supported by then-Secretary-General Kofi Annan and Member States. The process culminated in the adoption of General Assembly Resolution 60/7, which established a UN Holocaust remembrance department and designated January 27 as International Holocaust Remembrance Day,” the statement further reads.

The event continued with a choir performance by students of Himali Boarding School and a musical piece performed by students of Kathmandu Pragya Kunja School, both of which added to the reflective atmosphere of the gathering.

The event also featured the exhibition, “Auschwitz- A Place on Earth” aiming at educating about the human-made brutality and delivering the message that such cruelty should never be repeated. The exhibition will remain open to the public at the following locations:

•      Himali Boarding School            : 28- 2 Jan 2025

•      Kathmandu Pragya Kunja School       : 3- 9 Feb 2025

Following these dates, the exhibition will also be open at other sites as well.

The memorial gathering served as a reminder of the importance of remembrance, solidarity and the global commitment to “never forget, never again.”

The Holocaust started with the vision to exterminate the entire Jewish population. It was the systematic, bureaucratic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of six million Jews (1.5 million of these were children) by the Nazi regime and its collaborators between 1930s and 40s in Europe.