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Ranjan Adiga, whose debut short story collection ‘Leech and Other Stories’ was published by Penguin Random House India in April this year, says he has always felt like an outsider. Though his family has lived in Nepal for generations, a unique last name meant he was never Nepali enough. “My family moved to Bangkok when I was 10. I couldn’t speak in English properly, let alone Thai, and I felt out of place there too,” he says. Later, in college in India, despite having been mistaken as an Indian all his life, he struggled to fit in. Since then, he’s lived in Bahrain and the US but both these places never felt like home.  “My life story is that I’ve always been an outsider,” he says. 

In a conversation with Cilla Khatry of ApEx, he says perhaps that’s the reason why he is drawn to stories of outsiders—people who live on the margins of society, those who are trying to find their way or those who feel like they have been left out in some ways. Excerpts:

What is your writing process? Do you have a writing ritual?

I don’t wait for inspiration to strike. Over the years, I have tried to build a writing habit. I try to write every single day, even if it’s just for 15 minutes. Writing is a craft. You have to work on it. I don’t have the luxury of deciding when I’ll write. There is no fixed time so I’ll snatch whatever I can get. Sometimes, I just doodle or write rubbish but I’ll still sit at my desk and try to write. I believe the habit of writing has to be ingrained in your personality and for that a writer has to sit down and write every day. It’s okay even if you just stare at the screen for 15 minutes but you have to sit down and be thinking about the story and be willing to construct sentences.

How long do you take to write a story?

Every story is different. Some stories take time. Others come together really fast. Every story is several drafts in the making. Writing is rewriting. You have to keep chipping away at it. ‘A Short Visit’ was put together in two weeks as my agent didn’t like one of the stories I had submitted and my publisher wasn’t sure about it either. They gave me two weeks to write a new one. Usually, it takes me months to complete a story. I based it on my friend’s experience, changed the names, and tweaked the details. Surprisingly, it didn’t take long once I had the plot in my head. For others, where I have to build the plot as I go, it takes a while.

What compels you to write short stories?

I really love the concept of capturing the complexities of lives and characters in a shorter format. I also find it easier to write short stories than to write something longer. Some say writing short stories is difficult. You have to pack everything in a more concise form but I feel like I have much more control over the stories I’m telling. If something is not working, I can just scrap it. You have more chances to fail and pick yourself up again.

Why do you think stories are important in today’s society?

Stories are important because that is how people learn about other cultures and representation is so important. I think Nepal is underrepresented in South Asian literature. Most people have a stereotypical view of Nepal. Either they haven’t heard about the country or they start talking about Buddhism or the Himalayas. I wanted to represent the complex stories of Nepali life, and I was thinking about the western audience when I was writing my book.

We learn to be empathetic and connect with people who aren’t like us through stories. You can’t live multiple lives but you get a taste of what different lives feel like through fictional characters. And not to forget that knowledge comes through narratives, be it through TV shows, movies, or books.

In short stories, you don’t need to flesh out the characters as much as you would in a longer piece of fiction. What is your technique in getting people to care about these characters?

People relate to other people’s internal conflicts and vulnerabilities. No one likes someone who is perfect all the time. Those people don’t exist. It’s hard to relate to cardboard cutout characters, especially in this Instagram age where everyone is trying to put up their best faces in public. When I write, I try to tap into the character’s weaknesses and traits that make them human and relatable. Every character has some sort of inner turmoil that they are trying to navigate. It makes readers care about them even if they don’t like the character. I try to tap into the vulnerabilities to create an emotional bond that makes the readers connect with them.

Is writing cathartic?

Some stories can be cathartic and some stories give you more turmoil. Sometimes when I write a story, I feel like I need therapy after completing it. ‘Denver’ and ‘A Short Visit’ made me feel like that. On the other hand, writing some stories gives me a sense of release. It’s almost like writing a journal as you have communicated something that is deep within you. Writing is tough because it’s indirectly putting yourself on the page. But the good thing about fiction is you can render your thoughts and feelings through a different character, create a distance, and examine your emotions that way.

All writers draw from their own experience or from what they see around them. How do you toe the line between the stories being personal and fictionalizing them?

You have to confront your fears while writing. That is what gives humanity and power to your work. But the good thing about fiction is that it gives you the room to be imaginative and to add or make things up. Everything shouldn’t be taken as being the author’s point of view. I’m not writing to vent. I want my stories to be captivating so I have to think about them from the reader’s perspective. Only then will I be compelled to start playing around with a story. Even though a particular scene might mean a lot to me, it means nothing if it’s not serving the story. I try to make sure that even if the characters aren’t questioning and examining their biases, the story does that for them.

Are you afraid of feedback and criticism?

A writer has to be his/her own critic. You have to be able to look at your work objectively. It comes with experience and training. It’s something you develop. I workshop my stories with the students of the creative writing class I teach in the US. They read and give me feedback. Some of them have been really scathing but it has taught me to take criticism in my stride. Also, if you’re putting your work out there, you have to have a thick skin. I have faced so many rejections that it has taught me not to take things personally. A rejection doesn’t necessarily mean your work is bad. It might mean it’s not right for the publisher you have approached.

Do you have writer’s block? How do you deal with it?

Don’t all writers have writer’s block? I was writing for eight to 10 hours a day for about six months while working on my short story collection. There are 10 stories in the book but I must have written around 25. Some of the stories are new ones that I wrote from scratch while others are drafts that went through major revisions. Whenever I couldn’t work on a certain story, I let it be and worked on something else and went back to it later. That often did the trick. Other times, I wrote about not being able to write and got into the flow of writing that way.

What’s the best piece of writing advice you have been given?

I had a teacher who would always ask, “What’s at stake for the main character? What’s the big picture? Why should I care about your story?” It took a long time to understand what he meant. Initially when I started writing, I was immature and thus possessive about my stories. Now, I always try to ensure that a character has enough emotional frequency to be relatable. I’m not afraid of ‘killing my darlings’ or deleting lines or paragraphs that I think are absolute genius if they aren’t working for the story.

What advice do you have for aspiring writers?

You don’t have to go to a creative writing college to learn how to write. It helps but it’s not necessary. But you have to read and do so indiscriminately. Read, revise, and reflect—these are the 3Rs of being a good writer. Read different genres, and authors of various nationalities and gender. Don’t be afraid of revisions. Your first draft should never be your final draft. If you can find someone, preferably a reader, to go through your work and give you feedback, there is nothing as valuable as that. Then, you have to reflect on things and analyze your thoughts and actions. You don’t learn from experience. You learn by reflecting on them. This is an invaluable tool to give your writing the nuance it needs.

Which are some of your favorite books? 

There are plenty but let’s start with short stories as most of my literary heroes are short story writers. There’s Anton Chekhov and Raymond Carver who are absolute geniuses. I love short stories by Bernard Malamud. He’s an American Jewish author whose works explore the immigrant experience. ‘How We Fight for Our Lives’ by Saeed Jones is a coming-of-age memoir. Jones is a poet and when a poet writes prose, it’s a whole other thing. A poet, I think, will spend days on a line and make it perfect.

I also enjoy reading Bhupi Sherchan. I think he was especially good at capturing character details. I like everything Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie has written. Her writing is simple but she tackles important issues. ‘Purple Hibiscus’ is one of my favorites. It would be remiss if I didn’t mention Samrat Upadhay for telling stories about Nepal and inspiring me to do the same. ‘Dopesick’ by Beth Macy is a non-fiction book about the opioid addiction in America. This book taught me the value of research.

Subhankar Sen is the Executive Director (Lubes) of Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL). Shreya Shrestha from ApEx interviewed him about BPCL performance and the oil market in Nepal.

Can you brief about MAK Lubricants performance worldwide?

MAK Lubricants is from Bharat Petroleum, India’s national oil company, which covers the entire spectrum of automobile and industrial lubricants. Today, we cater to all models of automobiles and every industrial sector. We are really happy to say that we have one of the best research and development teams that work from Mumbai. They are constantly working on new formulations, sustainable lubricant grades because that is the need of the hour. Both across automobiles and industrial sectors. We have a presence across the length and breadth of India, and we are very proud that we are the one of the oldest lubricant brands in Nepal. We have an excellent parther in Sipradi who have been with us since 23 years.

Nepal is a very big market for us and very important as well. Just the way, it is a very important neighbor of India. It’s a very important market because we recognize that the economy of Nepal which is expected to grow with 4-5 percent which is also one of the highest growing economies in this part of the world, and we recognize that the consumer aspirations in Nepal are much as anywhere else in the world. We are looking at various propositions where we offer a complete solution. We are moving from a product centric organization to a solution centric organization. One of the initiatives that we have just started in Nepal is a MAK Serve, which is basically a proposition which takes care of the vehicle and lubricant is just one part of it. We also offer an end to end solution which is just like a car care. 

Across the world, we are present in over nine countries and we have plans to grow about 35 countries across the world and our immediate focus remains our immediate neighbors which is Nepal and Bangladesh where we have a long standing presence.

In this competitive industry, how do you differentiate yourself?

The first point of difference is always quality and I can tell you with a lot of conviction that our lubricant products are made out of the finest base oils in the world. Our base oils which are group 2+ and group 3, manufactured in our Mumbai factory, are acknowledged to be the finest formulations. Whether we are providing the lubricant or not, it's our oil which is going out of the majority of the vehicles. So that’s the foundation of the belief that our products are one of the finest. Ultimately, what does the customer want? They want a) quality b) peace of mind c) better value for money. And when all these three are put together, we can confidently say that MAK Lubricant is providing the best propositions to the customer.

What are your future plans for Nepali market?

For Nepali market, we are now going to focus on the newer grades for the newer vehicles because we have seen a lot of new models on the roads, including two-wheelers with four-stroke engines and passenger vehicles. We are focused on investing a lot both in terms of bringing new products, new value propositions, new service oriented offerings like MAK Serve. We are also looking for an industrial sector and we have a range of industrial products. We are making a beginning in certain areas and we believe that while we go forward working closely with Sipradi, we will be able to add a lot of value to the industries in Nepal from the perspective of total cost of ownership  with the products that we will provide.

What are some of the major trends in the industry and how is BPCL gearing for the same?

Asia and the Indian subcontinent in particular is where a lot of action is happening these days. Asia is at the top of the world and we see trends happening in terms of consumer aspirations to always go for propositions which are better both in terms of value and quality. We see ourselves doing a lot of work in the environmental sustainability area. In fact we are doing  a lot of work for sustainable products. So, back in India we have a large portfolio of sustainable products which are across the sectors and we hope to bring that to Nepal at the earliest. We have seen Nepal is also moving towards BS6 while regulations may come in but there are a lot of BS6 vehicles which are already on the road. So, pollution is one area where we believe we can play a role in bringing down automobile pollution by introducing some of our grades which are absolutely wonderful when it comes to reducing C02 emissions.

With the growth in EVs, how has the lubricant industry been impacted?

Well EV certainly is not the form factor of mobility and we are investing ourselves quite heavily in EV. In India, we can share that we have the largest network of EV fast charging stations which have 1,000 fast charging stations and we have set up across what we called fast charging highway corridors. The entire country is mapped. While we have done that on the charging space. On the Lubricant side, it's just  engine oil that is not required in EVs, everything else is required.we are specializing ourselves in looking at new technology for EV fluids. There are a whole lot of Lubricants which would be required, there are moving parts in Electric Vehicles. So, those will require friction to be taken care of so in that space, we see ourselves playing a big role. We see healthy co-existence in both segments and for times to come, I think that’s the way  it’s gonna be . Both segments will grow and we believe that there is space for growth. So, we are there as a solution provider for personal commercial mobility. Whichever form factor mobility comes in, MAK Lubricants will always be there.

Mumbai: Manisha Koirala’s father Prakash Koirala is a former Cabinet Minister and her grandfather Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala was the Prime Minister of Nepal. Despite being associated with a prominent political family, the actor is not interested in joining politics.

In an exclusive conversation with ANI, the ‘Bombay’ actor shared the reason why she is not keen to get into the political arena.

“I feel for an actor to be a good politician, it’s a struggle. Because as an actor, we get so much attention. So much is like on our call. We are like bosses. A politician is basically though there is a leader and you drive the people but you are also a servant of the people,” said Koirala.

She continued, “You are there to help people so if you have understood this if you have accepted that you are basically a servant of the people and there is a sense of service, then you will succeed. But a lot of actors have not been able to go beyond their own because we are pampered a lot. So many eyes are on us. So much attention we get. If we can leave that pampered-ness, then we can be a very good person in politics.”

Koirala was born into a politically-prominent family and this is the reason she understands politics very well and feels that it is not just a means to gain power.

As she mentioned, “Politics for me is service. Politics for me is not power. Politics for me is not that I want to be a PM or I want to be a minister or ten people are behind me.”

Although Koirala comes from a very illustrious political family from Nepal, she entered the film industry and opted for acting as a profession which was completely new to her and her family.

She said, “I was a black sheep of the family, but it turned out the other way around. I grew up in Banaras and my schooling was in Vasant Kanya Maha Vidyalaya and then from there, of course, Army Public School in Delhi, I studied for two years. Then after that, I got into movies.”

She first did a Nepali ad film which she got because of her mother’s cousin, “He was a batchmate of Jaya ji and everybody in Pune. So he was an ad film-maker in Nepal. So he called me and got my makeup done and took my photo and told me that you are very photogenic. Will you do an ad film? I said yes and from there developed an interest in acting and said that I wanted to go to Bombay. I want to be in the film industry. There was a lot of opposition as nobody knows that industry.”

Talking about the political scenario in Nepal, she said, “I grew up in a political family and I understand politics. My grandmother would say, it’s a sewa, and it’s for the people. I asked my father how do you define politics? And he said it’s a dream that you have for the people. So everything is for the people. And whenever that gets detached from reality, there’s trouble. I feel if the current lot of political people involved in Nepal could understand.”

Koirala continued, “Nepal is a landlocked country. Nepal is also very traditional in mind. Nepalese people are also very forward-thinking and very open to it. It’s a good society. It’s an open society but at the same time very rooted in tradition.”

She further shared her take on democracy and the constitution in Nepal and how it affected people. The constitution in Nepal came into effect in 2015.

The actress said, “I think there is no other solution to democracy. However, it is not a facade of democracy. But in a true sense, there should be a democracy. A stable democracy.”

Giving her insight on the impact of the constitution on people, she said, “They should have given a space to the monarch. 90 percent of the people or 80 percent of the people are Hindu in Nepal. Somehow or the other respects the king. That factor should not have been overlooked. And somehow it was. And somehow it's not going down too well… the sudden changes, sudden this thing.”

The Nepali royal massacre occurred on 1 June 2001 at the Narayanhiti Palace.

Recalling the massacre in the palace, she said, “I was shooting and I was in London at that time. And it was completely devastating. I was like howling. My mother was with me. My dad has cried and howled on the phone.”

Meanwhile, on the work front, she is known for her movies such as ‘1942: A Love Story’, ‘Bombay’, ‘Khamoshi: The Musical’, ‘Gupt’, ‘Dil Se’, and many more.

Koirala is currently being lauded for her role as Mallika Jaan in Sanjay Leela Bhansali’s debut web series ‘Heeramandi’.

In the show, Koirala  shared screen space with Sonakshi Sinha, Richa Chadha, Sanjeeda Shaikh and Aditi Rao Hydari among others. Set against the backdrop of India’s struggle for independence in the 1940s, the show explores the lives of courtesans and their patrons, delving into the cultural dynamics of Heeramandi. 

ANI

Jyotsna Yogi is a model and actor who has worked in several  music videos and films. Shreya Shrestha of ApEx interviewed Yogi about her career, life, challenges and achievements.

Can you share a bit about your family and educational background?

I have a diverse family background. My father is a skilled artist and handwriting teacher from Dang while my mother, who is from Sankhu, is also the backbone of our family. She is the sweetest and strongest woman I know. I also have a younger brother who lives in the US with his wife, who is a dedicated and intelligent nurse. My family has always been close-knit and supportive, encouraging me to pursue my dreams. As for myself, I was born and raised in Kathmandu. I finished my MBA in Human Resource Management and completed my undergrad in London. I also took a crash course in the Film and Television Institute of India Acting in FTII, Pune.

How did modeling and acting enter your life?

I had been studying all my life and wanted to do something completely opposite, something colorful and fun. As a child, I always wanted to be on television. That dream never left me, even though I majored in Business Management. It was during this transformative journey that I stumbled upon a modeling competition but never won any titles. In the end, the experience after that, I enjoyed every second of it that I never wanted to let go of this industry. Then I started my modeling career in 2013 with House of Fashion and by 2015, I debuted in the movie “Ma Ta Timrai Hoon,” which showcased my versatility and talent. I am engaged in acting and now I am pursuing Direction as well.

What is a challenging moment in your life and what lessons did you learn from it?

One of my most memorable struggles was when I moved to the UK for studies, because I am an introvert and socially awkward person. I had never left my family. So, when I had to relocate to the UK, my mind went blank. I used to panic a lot. In university, on buses, in front of literally everyone, I was a mother’s child. So that situation taught me a lot about being independent, making decisions, and breaking out of my childhood bubble. 

What is a proud moment in your life?

One of my proudest achievements that I admire is from the work on the music video “Upahaar” by Swoopna Suman, my husband. Even though this would’ve been my second directorial project, entrusting with the project, I took on responsibilities ranging from casting and styling to conceptualizing and directing. When viewers praised my work and Suman told me he made the right choice, it was a defining moment for me. The project not only validated my skills but also earned the respect and admiration of my family.

What inspired you to create the story of Book of Paws, and how did the idea come to life?

Beyond my work in the entertainment industry, I am passionate for animal welfare. I used to get a lot of messages on dogs and cats regarding adoptions, lost and found cases, emergencies and so on. They would request me to post it on my profile to spread the word, which I always did. Later, my page started to look a little less about me. Here, I thought about creating the Instagram page @bookofpaws, where I share posts about animals in need of homes and care. With nearly 2,000 followers, the page has successfully helped countless dogs and cats find their forever homes. It’s my way of trying to help them and it makes me happy more than other things.