Nepal’s voting in UN does not contribute to bilateral relations
With the start of the Russia-Ukraine war last year, the global situation has also changed drastically. Geopolitical tensions are rising and there is a legitimate threat of global energy and food crises. After the war, there has been a lot of discussion regarding Nepal’s formal position as well. In this context, ApEx talked to Russian Ambassador Aleksei Novikov on a host of global and Nepal-Russia relations. Excerpts.
- After the Russia-Ukraine war, global security is becoming increasingly complex and uncertain. Geopolitical rivalries, nuclear proliferation, food security and financial crises raise questions about our ability to maintain stability. What is your take on it ?
The subject matter of this issue is rather complex; however, there are a few clear reasons why global security is threatened nowadays. Firstly, the very possibility of the dominance of one country, or let’s say, a group of particular states must disappear. I strongly believe that a truly democratic world must be multipolar and shall be based on generally recognized international legal norms, primarily the principles of the UN charter. Secondly, those who ignore these principles are not embarrassed by the fact that their actions are creating new risks, undermining supply chains as well as food and energy security. For example, the number of countries headed by the US who try to “contain Russia” and flood the Kiev regime with weapons is provoking the risk of spreading weapons around the world, which may lead to an outburst of international terrorism. Everyone should learn that every action has its consequences. We believe it is important that the UN, which has of late been fairly quiet in this regard, should act proactively and step up its efforts in fighting global threats without the double standards.
- Since you mentioned energy security, how can we address this issue ?
Energy prices have risen consistently over the past year and a half, which Western leaders purposefully keep silent about. This was the result of the policy of the central banks of the United States, Great Britain, EU states to print unsecured funds. An increase in the money supply naturally caused inflation. Price hikes were also triggered by disruptions in supply chains due to the coronavirus lockdowns in various parts of the world. The surge in fuel prices was provoked by the attempts of the West to unleash a trade and sanctions war against Russia. Europe has created a deficit in the market with its own hands, stopping the purchase of Russian oil and gas, as well as seriously complicating their transportation to third countries. Replacing Russian fuel, the Old World began to buy it from the markets of Asia and Africa, thereby giving impetus to prices. Thus, the rise in fuel prices is in no way caused by Russia's actions. Moreover, Russia tried to contribute to the normalization of the market situation by supplying oil to friendly countries at a 20-30 percent discount.
- What about the global food crisis?
According to the FAO, the Russian Federation is one of the largest food producers in the world, it is a significant net exporter of agricultural products. For instance, in 2022, Russia harvested a record grain crop of 158 million tons, exported 70 million tons of agricultural products and food (cereals, oils, fish and seafood, etc.) to 160 countries of the world. As of today, every fifth export batch of wheat in the world is of Russian origin. The Russian Federation consistently advocates ensuring the activities of the FAO strictly within its mandate and without politicization. Solving the problem of food security and nutrition for all is possible only through the coherent and collective efforts of the entire international community. In the agricultural season 2023/24, Russian farmers plan to harvest at least 123 million tons of grain; half of it will be exported. In addition, the FAO confirms that the Russian Federation is one of the leading exporters of fertilizers, the largest in terms of the mineral ones. We are also the world's leading producer of other types of fertilizers, with up to 70 percent of the Russian exported fertilizers going to the developing countries of the Global South.
There have been many accusations of Russia blocking 20 million tonnes of grains in Ukrainian storage facilities, but the harsh reality of that issue is that the poorest countries are actually being held hostage to the EU and Washington’s ambitions. For the EU, food security problems are a side effect of anti-Russia policies and Western attempts to protect its self-serving “rules-based order.”
The projects to export agricultural products from Ukraine, including through EU’s so-called solidarity corridors, proved to be a humanitarian sham. Fodder corn, not wheat, became the main export in this scheme. It is the EU that needs this commodity more than others, and became the main recipient of these shipments (only 3 percent of the Ukrainian part of the “Black Sea Initiative” went to the poorest countries). The Russian part of the “package” had not been implemented at all.
- What is your take on Nepal’s decision to vote against Russia in UN voting on Russia-Ukraine conflict?
Russia considers Nepal a friendly state and we deeply respect its people, leadership and rich history. As you know, this year marks the 67th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic ties between our countries and I am very happy to state that since 1956, our cooperation has been built on the basis of mutual respect, trust and concern for each other's interests. However, some aspects of Nepal’s diplomacy seem to have changed. We got used to seeing Nepal as one of the most outstanding leaders of the non-alignment movement and the strong follower of neutral international policy. Not just Russia, but the whole world admired how perfectly Nepal implemented the Pancha Shila philosophy in its external policy. Nevertheless, the way Nepal supported confrontational anti-Russian resolutions during the UN 11th emergency special session does not contribute neither to relations with Russia, nor to the traditional Nepali approach in the international organizations. I sincerely admire the Nepali people, their honesty and optimistic attitude. Many of them told me that they supported and cheered Russia and its culture. During our conversations, literally everybody said how thankful they were for all the support that the USSR had provided Nepal with. And this makes me happy. I believe that we have many things in common. As we look forward, we remain committed to strengthening the ties between the peoples and governments of Russia and Nepal, to celebrating our shared history and achievements.
- Out of this perspective, how can Nepal and Russia work on the regional and international platforms?
The legal framework of the bilateral partnership consists of the number of existing agreements. Both Russia and Nepal are guided mainly by traditional multilateral international acts, primarily UN documents. Over the past years and decades, enormous changes have taken place in our countries and in the world. But the feelings of sympathy between the two peoples and the desire to deepen multifaceted bilateral cooperation have not changed. Our relations have a mutually beneficial ground and all the joint international efforts must be based on that principle. We have no tensions, our ties remain friendly despite all the efforts to spoil them. And answering your question, I would like to point out that all the future prospects of cooperation in the regional and international platforms shall stick to the same attitude as before—trust and support without relying on those who wish to draw our nations apart.
- Lastly, what are the new initiatives that Russia is taking to enhance bilateral ties including resuming flights between two countries?
First of all, Russia and Nepal are developing cooperation in infrastructure and railway construction. This August I had a wonderful opportunity to negotiate with Minister of Physical Infrastructure and Transport Prakash Jwala. Besides that, we maintain active contacts with the leadership of the Nepali railway industry. During the talks, the Nepali side expressed its interest in attracting RZD International and other Russian companies for the construction of the Pokhara-Ridi road, East-West railway, as well as a project to build a light metro in Kathmandu. We are also working closely with the Nepali friends in hydro energy development, having preliminary agreements on the possible participation of a Russian state company “Inter RAO” in the implementation of four projects for the construction of hydroelectric power plants in the Himalayan republic with a capacity of 300 MW or more. We believe that Nepal is interested in developing cooperation in the field of electricity generation and its export.
Agriculture continues to be one of the most promising areas of cooperation between Russia and Nepal. There have been many meetings with the Minister of Agriculture and Livestock Development that contributed to the active development of contacts in this field. The prospects of Russian-Nepali cooperation in agriculture, in particular, the supply of chemical fertilizers were on the agenda. We are actively exploring the possibility of joint construction of a plant for the production of chemical fertilizers in Nepal and we hope Russian farmers will shortly visit Nepal to explore the possibility of creating greenhouse complexes, including their construction in high-altitude areas. Training programs for Nepali specialists in Russia and study opportunities for Nepali students in Russian agricultural universities are discussed as well.
Today young people from Nepal have the opportunity to receive free scholarships to study in Russia. Moreover the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia already expressed its readiness to increase the number of positions for Nepali nationals to study in various programs and specialties (including medicine and IT) in the Russian educational institutions within quota of the Russian Government for 2024/25 academic year. And of course, establishing the direct flights between Kathmandu and Moscow is of essential importance to us. Such a measure would contribute to strengthening cooperation in all areas.
Raj Kumar Sharma: Determine flights based on weather conditions rather than fixed times
New rules for helicopter operations introduced by the Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal (CAAN) have made significant impacts in Karnali Province. There are fears that restriction in helicopter flight operations after noon, ban on movement of cargo using sling, and requirement of obtaining flight permit from CAAN instead of airports will affect transportation of goods to Karnali and rescue operations. Bishna Prasad Sharma of ApEx talked to Karnali Province Chief Minister Raj Kumar Sharma on these new rules and other aspects of the province government. Excerpts:
What are the priorities of the Karnali Province government?
The priorities of the Karnali Province government revolve around the effective implementation of policies and programs, as well as the budget. The provincial government has been actively working towards the implementation of approved policies and programs, reviewing past experiences, and engaging with relevant ministries and agencies for the successful execution of the new budget. The province government has passed the Karnali Training Institute Bill and is working on its implementation. Similarly, the Sport Bill, Civil Servant Bill, Provincial Police Bill, and Dalit Rights Bill have been drafted. The focus also lies on addressing issues related to federalism, including financial, administrative, and legal aspects, in order to overcome challenges and uplift the province from its current multifaceted poverty.
Do you think the people could feel the implementation of federalism in Karnali Province?
While the concept of federalism is enshrined in the constitution, the implementation of true federalism, encompassing financial, administrative, and legal dimensions, is still a work in progress. The Karnali Province, in particular, has faced challenges in fully experiencing the benefits of federalism. Despite the aspirations for a decentralized governance structure, challenges remain, and the province is still grappling with multifaceted poverty and neglect, requiring further efforts to bridge the gap and ensure the effective implementation of federalism.
How does the Karnali Province government plan to address the slow spending of the development budget?
The Karnali Province government is dedicated to accelerating development, job creation, and effective budget utilization. The slow spending of the development budget is attributed to various factors, including the lack of financial, administrative, and legal federalism. The interference of vested interests, such as the medical, land, educational, and contractor mafias, has also contributed to delays. The province recognizes the need for a robust legal system and adequate manpower to address these issues promptly. By improving administrative aspects, enhancing legal frameworks, and ensuring sufficient human resources, the government aims to expedite budget spending and promote timely completion of projects.
How does the Karnali Province government plan to enhance rescue mechanisms and address geographical difficulties?
The Karnali Province government is committed to addressing both preventive measures and effective rescue mechanisms in the face of geographical challenges and accidents. While accidents are a concern, the province emphasizes the importance of liberating its people from poverty and hardship through proactive measures. Initiatives include upgrading lifelines such as the Bheri Corridor, Karnali Highway, and Rapti Highway, as well as implementing immediate rescue operations through aircraft, helicopters, and other means. The government acknowledges the need for reliable air services and discussions have been held to improve air transportation. We also have plans to promote electric vehicles.
The government has imposed a rule prohibiting flights in remote areas after noon. What are your thoughts on this decision and its potential impact?
The government’s decision to restrict flights in remote areas after noon raises significant concerns. Accidents and emergencies can occur at any time. The decision to limit flights based on time without consulting relevant stakeholders, including us, is worrying. It is essential that decisions of this nature are made through collaborative discussions. I intend to address this matter with the relevant authorities and engage in further conversations. Flight schedules should be determined based on weather conditions rather than fixed times, as safety should always take precedence. Up until now, flights were permitted after 12 o'clock, and Karnali has not experienced any significant accidents in this regard. I will work diligently to resolve this issue through earnest discussions with the appropriate authorities.
How might this rule impact the transportation of essential goods, such as food and building materials, in Karnali?
Undoubtedly, this rule will have adverse effects on the transportation of essential goods in Karnali. Not all districts within the province have convenient transportation access. Even in areas with transportation facilities, certain types of construction materials cannot be efficiently transported via road. This is particularly true for remote districts like Humla and Dolpa, where air service is a necessity for transporting various items. It is crucial that air service availability is contingent on weather conditions rather than fixed timings, to ensure that the vital needs of the people are met without disruption.
For the last many years, goods have been transported to Humla using helicopters from Sallisalla to Kharpunath. Restricting takeoffs solely from airports will significantly impede these operations. Transportation options should be accessible and affordable, irrespective of location, and this matter demands careful consideration.
Could such regulations force Karnali’s residents to rely more heavily on Tibet for essential goods?
While it’s true that some residents of certain areas, like parts of Humla and Dolpa, have historically relied on Tibet for daily necessities, Karnali as a whole is not currently dependent on Tibet.
The restriction on helicopters for sling operations has been introduced. What might be the implications of this decision?
The decision to prohibit helicopters from conducting sling operations raises questions about its rationale. If there are safety concerns, it is worth noting that helicopters have previously conducted heavy-load operations without issue. This decision warrants further examination, and I am committed to engaging with the Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal (CAAN) to better understand the reasoning behind this rule. The safety of both the crew and passengers must remain a priority, but a well-informed and collaborative approach is essential to ensure that decisions made do not compromise crucial services and operations.
Flight permits, which were previously obtained at airports, now require clearance from CAAN. Could this potentially delay rescue efforts?
The transition from obtaining flight permits at airports to obtaining them from CAAN could indeed introduce delays in rescue efforts. The bureaucracy involved in this process may impede swift action, which is particularly concerning in emergency situations. As we uphold the principles of federalism, it is essential that decision-making authority is also extended to provincial levels. Alternatively, establishing provincial offices within the regulatory body could help facilitate smoother and faster clearance processes.
The government has imposed VAT on air tickets. Could this lead to increased flight costs for travel to Karnali?
The recent imposition of VAT on air tickets raises concerns about potential cost increases for flights to Karnali. It is important to thoroughly examine the reasons behind this decision. While the state's right to levy taxes is acknowledged, it is equally crucial to consider the impact on rural populations. People living in remote areas should not be burdened with excessive financial strain. Any taxation measures should be thoughtfully implemented, taking into account the financial capacities of the population. These concerns will be addressed through discussions with higher authorities, ensuring that the interests of the people are safeguarded.
How is the Karnali Province government working to create jobs and address poverty?
The Karnali Province government recognizes poverty as a significant challenge and is actively working towards its alleviation through various strategies. The province's policy and program emphasize key areas, including education, health, employment, good governance, and infrastructure. Job creation and self-employment are central to these efforts. The province is prioritizing industries related to agriculture and forest production and focusing on commercial agriculture and entrepreneurship. The protection and utilization of indigenous crops and natural resources are also part of the plan. The government aims to create employment and self-employment opportunities for 10,000 people annually, contributing to poverty reduction and economic growth in the region. The implementation of federalism is viewed as crucial in achieving these goals.
Arsen Tomsky: Dedicated to fighting injustice in transportation space
inDrive has been operating in Nepal since 2022 and has become one of the popular ride-sharing services. The founder and CEO of inDrive, Arsen Tomsky, was in Nepal a few days earlier for the launch of his biography, inDriver, now available in Nepali too. ApEx caught up with him to talk about his book and business. Excerpts:
How do you feel about your first book launch in Nepal?
I am delighted. The foundation and growth of inDrive is not just a professional endeavor for me, but a deeply personal and emotional journey that has shaped my life, and writing about its development has been transformative, and I am thrilled to invite everyone to embark on this adventure with me.
What was the inspiration behind writing the book?
I wanted to share my journey with readers. With this book, I seek to motivate people to develop themselves and the world around them in any circumstance. In my case, challenging injustices have become an important driver for the foundation and development of the application.
Why did you choose to publish your biography in Nepali?
The book is already available in English, Spanish and Portuguese. It is now out in the Nepali language. The book is not for any business purposes. Rather we have planned to donate these books in schools and libraries just to share my journey and motivate others.
Nepal has no legal provision for ride-sharing services. Still, you launched inDrive here. What made you do so?
We follow a common industry practice of testing new markets through research and development activities. In Nepal, we are currently offering the inDrive app to citizens without charging any fees or commissions. This helps us understand the market and its potential before we officially launch our services. We are in touch with relevant government bodies and are committed to getting the necessary documents and approvals required by the law before the official launch.
Yes, currently there are no ride-hailing laws as this is a recent development and in most countries the laws are being formulated. However, the concept of ride-sharing is not alien to Nepal. There are different service providers providing some form of platform-based services. In addition, the rise and need for such services have been acknowledged by courts and authorities.
inDrive is dedicated to fighting injustice and upholding transparency and fairness in the mobility and transportation space. The inDrive is focused on emerging economies where there are injustices to solve. The test run conducted in Nepal has made us more confident that the people would support our service.
inDrive has gained plenty of popularity in Nepal. Data suggests that it was last year’s most downloaded ride-sharing app here. What are the company’s future plans for Nepal?
inDrive arrived in Nepal in Q2, 2022 and since then thousands of drivers have been using inDrive on a daily basis and earning money with our platform. This year we are collaborating with NRS Sports Foundation to support a new initiative aimed at developing the running culture in Nepal and nurturing long-distance runners to participate in international running championships. The training program will be conducted within the Kathmandu Valley as well as in Thimi, Hetauda, Butwal and Pokhara, with plans to expand to other cities in the future. To promote young and underprivileged runners, inDrive will support more than 300 athletes by providing slots in Kathmandu Marathon which is scheduled for Oct 14.
We also run multiple initiatives supporting startups and gender equality in the tech industry around the globe. Very soon we will be announcing next year's traditional Aurora Tech Award in Nepal and in other countries.
What is your message to new entrepreneurs who are willing to start new ventures?
To other entrepreneurs with dreams of taking a startup into the global market, my advice is: We call ourselves underdogs because we are from a remote place. We didn’t have access to knowledge, experience, technology, investments, or other professionals. We had low chances to build something, but we did it. We focused on our goals and our mission to challenge injustice. We hope our example will inspire millions of other underdogs around the world.
What is inDrive’s goal for this year?
Our main objectives are to expand our business into new countries and grow in the markets we
currently operate in, launching new verticals including freight, courier delivery and others to offer more equitable services. Alongside this, we prioritize enhancing customer experience and ensuring safety for all users.
We are continuing our journey of empowering communities through our inVision programs, where we support access to education, arts, sports and science.
To uphold our commitment to safety, we have introduced the Safety Pact—an initiative empowering users with dedicated features, tips, and a code of conduct for drivers and passengers. We promote mutual respect and have a zero-tolerance policy for discrimination. By pursuing expansion, growth, customer satisfaction, and safety, we are well-positioned to continue delivering great results and making a positive impact in the communities we serve.
Dr Dipak Kumar Sah: Don’t use antibiotics for conjunctivitis
Conjunctivitis cases are on the rise, and it is mostly affecting school children. Also known as pink eye, conjunctivitis is commonly caused by adenovirus but it can also be caused by other viruses, bacteria and allergic reactions. Sabitri Dhakal of ApEx talked with Dr Dipak Kumar Sah, consultant optometrists and general secretary of Nepalese Association of Optometrists (NAO), to learn more about the infection and its treatment. Excerpts:
What is conjunctivitis?
Conjunctivitis is a communicable disease that causes inflammation of the conjunctiva, a thin layer of tissue on the inside of the eyelids. It can be caused by a viral, bacterial, protozoan or allergic infection. The disease has been fast spreading across the country.
What are the symptoms?
Reddening of the eyes, swelling of the conjunctiva, increased tear production, feeling like there is a presence of foreign particles in the eyes, swelling, itching, irritation and or burning, pus or mucus discharge are some of the common symptoms. People can first suffer from fever or later conjunctivitis can be seen in the eyes or vice versa as viral infection can affect anywhere first.
Why is it spreading?
Incessant rainfall, floods, increased moisture in the air have fuelled the spread of the disease. There is no sufficient sunlight and this is giving a perfect environment and temperature for the virus to grow and multiply. It is spreading very quickly.
Who is more infected?
Anyone with low immunity can be infected. Long infection can affect the cornea, which can affect one’s vision. Therefore, when people are infected with conjunctivitis, they must visit the ophthalmologist. Use of antibiotics is strictly prohibited. Also eye drops with steroids are harmful for the eyes. People must not buy the drugs over the counter to treat conjunctivitis.
What are the best ways for prevention?
Isolate yourself. Do not send children to school when they have conjunctivitis. Practice public health measures. Wash hands often with soap and water, and help young children do the same. Avoid touching or rubbing eyes. Avoid sharing personal items such as towels, eye glasses. Take a rest. Drink plenty of water. Visit an ophthalmologist.
