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Rivers and mountains have been and will continue to be an enduring feature of Nepal-China friendship. Rugged terrains and rare rough patches in bilateral relationship notwithstanding, people-to-people exchanges between the two countries have thrived and will, in all likelihood, continue to thrive in the coming days, years and ages. The visit of Faxian to Lumbini, the birthplace of Gautam Buddha, in the fifth century, the visit of Xuanzang in the seventh century, the marriage of Nepali Princess Vrikuti with King Songtsen Gampo in the seventh century and the visit of Nepali monk Buddhabhadra, the first Nepali monk to visit China, in the fifth century and the contributions of Nepali artist Arniko in China, including the construction of the White Pagoda, are among the key highlights of these exchanges.

Nepali people, including those living in the Himalayan region, have thriving relations with the Chinese people. They get their supplies from nearby Chinese markets, graze their cattle in pastures across the border in accordance with mutual arrangements, sell their products across the border and often find their soulmates there.

About 70 years ago, our two ancient countries established (updated, rather) their diplomatic relations. These years have also been marked by peace and amity between the two neighbors, with no major dispute, border or otherwise. This relationship achieved a key milestone during this time with the construction of the Kodari highway that has played a key role in improving connectivity between our two countries. Yet another highlight of this relationship is increasing Chinese investment in infrastructure projects. 

Against this backdrop, recent times have seen a disturbing tendency of dragging China’s flagship BRI project into controversy. They are as strong as the soaring mountains and as dynamic as the rivers born there. 

China can help Nepal tap the potential of her rivers for injecting life into her economy by investing in or providing assistance for the construction of multipurpose projects with hydropower, irrigation, navigation, fisheries and drinking water as components. There is also a huge scope for transformation of fossil fuel-run transport systems into green energy-run systems.  It can also help make sure that Gautam Buddha International Airport and Pokhara International Airport take off in a real sense.

On its part, Nepal will continue to be sensitive toward Chinese security concerns and abide by the principle of Panchsheel.      

In summary, Nepal-China relationship has a huge scope. Let’s hope that Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli’s upcoming visit to China will be yet another step in realizing that scope. 

With visas in their hands and time slipping out of their hands quite fast, about 1400 workers selected under the Employment Permit System are awaiting to fly to the Republic of Korea (South Korea) for jobs. 

According to reports, this grim situation has arisen because of the inability of the global sales agent for Korean Air (South Korea’s flag carrier), Universal Tour and Travels, to provide flight tickets to these people. 

Meanwhile, the ‘responsible’ authorities have not been twiddling their thumbs in a difficult situation, if the EPS Section of the Department of Foreign Employment is any indication. 

Rather, they have found some excuse this time also, at a time when things at the Tribhuvan International Airport things are very far from hunky-dory, with the airport undergoing major upgradation that is expected to take months. 

A report quotes Kamal Raj Shrestha, spokesperson for the section, explaining the reason behind the workers’ plight: Between Dashain and Tihar, a large number of migrant workers had their visas issued and this has affected their departure. While very few flights operated in November, we have already received a schedule for sending 650 workers (to South Korea) in December. 

Under the existing scheme of things, the selected workers have to arrive in South Korea within three months from the date of issuance of their visas. Apparently, workers do not want to miss the deadline and lose the jobs that have come their way. 

At present, Korean Air operates three direct flights along the Kathmandu-Seoul sector and the workers selected under the EPS and traveling on relatively cheaper tickets cannot enjoy transit facilities along the journey. While Universal charges these workers about 1.19 lakh rupees for each flight ticket, it charges others flying the same sector around 1.5 lakh rupees per ticket. 

This is not the end of air travelers’ woes, though. Amid major upgradation of the TIA, passengers’ difficulties have only increased, what with unauthorized hikes in the prices of tickets.

It’s sad that the government has not only failed to retain the youths for giving Nepal a turnaround, it has also failed to ensure a relatively comfortable journey to those workers, who wish to toil abroad and send remittances home. 

Responsible authorities like the Civil Aviation of Authority of Nepal and the Ministry of Tourism and Civil Aviation should bring a semblance of order before absolute chaos reigns supreme at the aviation sector.

The more things change, the more they remain the same.

This year’s monsoon proved more fatal than the previous year’s.

Government data don’t lie, do they?

According to the  National Disaster Risk Reduction Authority under the Ministry of Home Affairs, this year's monsoon disasters caused the highest human casualties in Nepal since 2009 and five times more than the last year’s.

This year’s monsoon, which entered earlier compared to previous years but stayed 10 days more than usual, wreaked unprecedented havoc between June 10 and October 12 in an ill-prepared and multiple disasters-prone country standing shakily on a seismic fault-zone.  

During the period, 494 people lost their lives (marking an increase of 537 per cent compared to the last year), 66 went missing and 532 suffered injuries in 2,136 monsoon-related incidents that affected 5,937 families.

This monsoon, floods affected 2,227 families in 397 locations, with 90 human casualties, 18 cases of missing and 45 injuries. In 943 reported landslides, 343 people died, 48 went missing and 276 sustained injuries, directly impacting 1,561 families, according to the authority.

Incidents of heavy rainfall recorded in 538 locations killed nine people and caused injuries to 38 others, affecting 1,814 families. 

In 258 incidents of lightning recorded during the period, 52 people died and 164 suffered injuries, affecting 335 families, per the authority’s data.

From June 14 to October 15 last year, the authority recorded 891 monsoon-related incidents that killed 92 people, 30 went missing and 168 suffered injuries.

It’s clear that stepped-up disaster preparedness could have minimized the scale of the monsoon tragedy in a country that is very susceptible to natural disasters worsened by climate change.

After the monsoon havoc, the winter has arrived, exposing a large number of survivors, including children, women and senior citizens, to multiple challenges like food shortages, lack of shelters, health and hygiene issues and disruption of education.

The onus is on government authorities at federal, provincial and local levels to act in tandem and take urgent measures to ensure the survivors’ well-being, and prove the opening line entirely wrong in this context. 

As the 29th United Nations Conference of the Parties on Climate Change (COP29) approaches in Baku, Azerbaijan, Nepal’s delegation under President Ram Chandra Paudel is set to represent the nation’s climate challenges. Nepal, one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change, faces rising threats from floods, landslides and unpredictable weather patterns. Yet, while Nepal’s participation aims to spotlight these urgent issues, the participation fails to reflect the voices of those most affected. Like always, this year’s COP preparation also exposes the troubling disconnect between official representation and grassroots needs.

Rather than including those directly affected by climate change—the farmers, local leaders and activists who confront these impacts daily—Nepal’s delegation comprises primarily political insiders and elites from NGOs and INGOs. Despite claiming to advocate for the vulnerable, these organizations have not extended a real invitation to those at the frontlines of climate change. Pre-COP meetings are being held in star hotels with closed doors to grassroots representatives, the very people whose insights and lived experiences could bring authenticity and urgency to the global stage. Instead, the delegation’s composition reflects political favoritism, not the inclusivity that should define climate advocacy.

The exclusion of affected communities, civil society and media professionals specializing in climate reporting raises serious concerns. Nepal’s most vulnerable regions are disproportionately impacted by climate change. Yet their voices remain unheard. UN agencies, NGOs and INGOs have largely ignored calls for transparency in the selection process, leaving the delegation stacked with privileged individuals who may lack genuine engagement with climate challenges on the ground.

For Nepal’s participation at COP29 to be meaningful, it must represent more than political interests. The experiences and insights of those facing climate-induced hardships must drive Nepal’s agenda, pushing for adaptive solutions rooted in the realities of vulnerable communities. Without grassroots representation, Nepal risks losing credibility on the international stage and, more critically, missing a vital opportunity to advocate for true climate justice. It is time for a change, ensuring that those directly affected by climate change have a seat at the table.