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The price of gold has increased by Rs 3, 500 per tola in the domestic market on Friday. 

According to the Federation of Nepal Gold and Silver Dealers’ Association, the yellow metal is being traded at Rs 256, 600 per tola today. It was traded at Rs 253, 100 per tola on Thursday. 

Similarly, the price of silver has increased by Rs 100 and is being traded at Rs 3, 905 per tola.

Nepal’s total public debt has reached Rs 2,729.42bn by mid-November, rising by Rs 55.37bn in the first four months of 2025/26. According to the latest data of the Public Debt Management Office (PDMO), the country’s public debt-to-GDP ratio now stands at 44.69 percent.

External debt continues to dominate Nepal’s debt profile, accounting for 53.25 percent, or Rs 1,453.45bn of the total debt, while domestic debt represents 46.75 percent, or Rs 1,275.96bn of the total debt. The report also highlights a significant negative exchange loss of Rs 44.23bn, which weighed heavily on the valuation of external liabilities during the period.

Between mid-July and mid-November of the current fiscal year, the government mobilized a total of Rs 138.75bn in public debt. Domestic borrowing accounted for Rs 120bn of the total public debt mobilized during the period, while the remaining Rs 18.75bn came from external debt.
Domestic debt mobilization remained at 33.15 percent of the target set for the current fiscal year. In contrast, external debt mobilization remained sluggish at just 8.03 percent of the annual target of Rs 233.66bn. This early imbalance suggests challenges in securing or disbursing external financing as scheduled.

In the current fiscal year, the government has earmarked Rs 411.01bn for public debt servicing—Rs 67.45bn to service external debt and Rs 343.55bn to service domestic liabilities. Of this amount, Rs 302.47bn has been allocated for principal repayment and Rs 108.53bn for interest payments. The budget is set aside.

The government has spent Rs 150.89bn, or 36.71 percent of its total annual debt-service budget, in the first four months of the current fiscal year. Of the total amount, Rs 131.66bn went for domestic debt servicing and Rs 19.23bn for external debt servicing. Of the total amount, Rs 127.61bn went for principal payment, while the remaining Rs 23.28bn was spent to pay interest.

The government mobilizes domestic debt primarily through instruments like development bonds and treasury bills. Development bonds make up 76.01 percent of the domestic debt stock, while treasury bills account for 22.51 percent. Smaller instruments, including citizen saving bonds, foreign saving bonds and IMF bonds, constitute the remainder.

According to the report, 9.57 percent of the total external debt came from bilateral lenders, while the remaining 90.43 percent was mobilized from multilateral lenders like Asian Development Bank, Word Bank, International Monetary Fund.

As banks and financial institutions (BFIs) increasingly turn to artificial intelligence (AI) to streamline operations and improve customer service, Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) has drafted a comprehensive set of AI Guidelines and circulated them among stakeholders for feedback. The guidelines intend to ensure safe, transparent and responsible use of AI across the financial system at a time when digital technologies are rapidly reshaping service delivery.

The proposed guidelines are designed for all institutions regulated by NRB, including commercial banks, development banks, finance companies, microfinance institutions, Nepal Infrastructure Bank, and payment system operators and service providers.

According to NRB, the primary objectives of the guidelines are to promote the adoption of AI tools in a way that enhances operational efficiency, innovation and customer experience, while safeguarding financial stability and institutional resilience. 

The guidelines state that AI-driven decisions of licensed institutions must remain transparent, explainable, fair and accountable to ensure that customer rights and data privacy are protected and that no discriminatory outcomes arise from automated systems.

The central bank has also warned licensed institutions to mitigate a wide range of risks associated with AI, including operational, ethical, systemic, model-related and cyber risks. To address these issues, all licensed institutions are required to define their AI-related risk tolerance as part of their broader risk management structure and establish strong governance mechanisms with clearly assigned roles and responsibilities.

As per the guidelines, licensed institutions must develop a comprehensive AI strategy accompanied by an integrated governance framework. This should include detailed policies, procedures and internal controls to guide the secure development, deployment and monitoring of AI models. They must also ensure that AI systems can maintain critical services during disruptions and have mechanisms in place to detect faults, restore operations and minimize service impacts.

To strengthen oversight, the guidelines require listed institutions to set up a cross-disciplinary AI steering committee—or designate an existing committee—to guide strategy, risk oversight and compliance. The committee should include senior management members with adequate expertise in technology and AI-related risks, and the overall AI framework must be approved by the Board of Directors.

The guidelines also distinguish between internal use of third-party AI tools and formal outsourcing. While internal use of ready-made AI tools for tasks such as drafting, summarizing or analysis will not be treated as outsourcing, BFIs must still follow their own risk and compliance policies. However, any AI-enabled service provided by an external vendor will require full outsourcing procedures, including due diligence, board approval and formal notification to NRB.

Licensed institutions are required to submit annual reports to the central bank, detailing AI use, risk controls and customer impacts, and maintain documentation—including data sources, algorithms and decision-making processes—for all AI systems.

Non-life insurance companies have so far paid out only 18.7 percent of the total claims filed for losses arising from the GenZ protests of Sept 8 and 9, according to updated figures from the Nepal Insurance Authority (NIA). The two days of violent unrest, marked by arson, vandalism and clashes between security forces and protesters, resulted in extensive damage to public property, business establishments, vehicles and private homes.

Of around 3,300 claims amounting to approximately Rs 23.44bn received by insurers, companies have made advance and parietal payments totaling Rs 4.38bn to policyholders, the NIA said.

Property insurance has accounted for the largest share of losses. Out of 710 property claims worth Rs 19.88bn, insurers have so far settled about Rs 3.21bn. Similarly, out of 2,308 motor insurance claims valued at Rs 3.47bn, payments totaling Rs 1.08bn have been made as of Dec 3..

Engineering and contractor’s risk policies have seen 225 claims worth Rs 555.5m, of which insurers have settled Rs 68.1m. Transport insurance accounts for 12 claims valued at Rs 16.8m, with payouts of Rs 6.6m. Under the “other” category, insurers have paid Rs 4.9m against 45 claims totaling Rs 384m.

According to the NIA, 1,984 of the total claims are linked directly to arson and vandalism in Kathmandu and several districts. Seventy-four people were killed in the protests, which escalated after police used excessive force to disperse crowds. Hotel Hilton Kathmandu alone reported damages of around Rs 8bn, making it one of the largest individual losses.

All fourteen non-life insurance companies and four microinsurers have reported exposure to losses from the protests. Seven companies have liabilities exceeding Rs 1bn each.

Oriental Insurance has received the highest claim totaling Rs 5.14bn from 40 policies, followed by Siddhartha Premier Insurance with Rs 4.93bn across 258 claims. Shikhar Insurance ranks third in terms of claim value, with 366 cases totaling Rs 2.39bn. IME Prudential Insurance has 24 claims worth Rs 1.59bn, while Sagarmatha Lumbini Insurance has reported 233 claims amounting to Rs 1.47bn.