President Ram Chandra Poudel on Friday administered the oath of office and secrecy to newly appointed Prime Minister Sushila Karki, who will serve as interim head of government with the primary responsibility of holding national elections within the next six months.
Karki has made history as the country’s first female prime minister, breaking her own earlier record from 2016 when she became Nepal’s first female chief justice.
Earlier, President Poudel appointed her under Article 61 of the Constitution, which states that it is the president’s duty and responsibility “to adhere to and protect the Constitution.” However, Karki’s appointment is likely to be challenged in the Supreme Court, as Article 61 does not grant the president the authority to appoint a prime minister.
According to current constitutional provisions, the prime minister must be a member of the House of Representatives and nominated under Article 76. Top leaders of the major political parties, except former prime minister Baburam Bhattarai, boycotted the oath-taking ceremony.
Even KP Sharma Oli, who resigned following the killing of 19 Gen-Z protesters, did not attend the swearing-in ceremony, breaking the tradition of an outgoing prime minister formally handing over power to the incoming one. The ceremony was attended by ambassadors from various countries, including the US and China, along with government officials, security chiefs, and Gen-Z representatives.
The violent protests of Sept 8 and 9 left at least 51 people dead and more than 400 injured, with the toll expected to rise as police continue to recover bodies from burned private homes and commercial buildings. In line with the demands of Gen-Z protesters, Nepal’s 275-member House of Representatives is expected to be dissolved once election dates are announced.
Karki’s foremost challenge will be winning the confidence of major political parties such as the Nepali Congress, CPN-UML, and CPN (Maoist Center), which together command a two-thirds majority in parliament. These parties have already opposed the possible dissolution of parliament and the announcement of new elections, arguing that parliament should not be dissolved without a clear guarantee of elections.
Soon after Karki took the oath, the Maoist Center issued a statement opposing preparations to dissolve parliament, becoming the first party to formally reject her move. Similarly, UML General Secretary Shankar Pokhrel has also spoken out against it. Other major parties that remained silent in the immediate aftermath of the protests may gradually unite to push their own agenda.
In 2013, the interim government led by then–chief justice Khil Raj Regmi successfully held the second Constituent Assembly elections, largely due to strong backing from major political parties. This time, however, Karki is unlikely to receive such support. She faces double pressure: from Gen-Z protesters demanding action against political parties in the name of fighting corruption, and from established political forces at both the central and local levels who may resist cooperating with her government.
At the same time, Gen-Z and other political groups are pressing for constitutional amendments—or even the scrapping of the charter—an agenda that the major parties strongly oppose. If Karki fails to hold elections within six months, she will come under pressure to step down.
Another major challenge will be reviving Nepal’s already troubled economy, which has been severely hit by the protests. She will also face domestic and international pressure to address serious human rights violations committed during the unrest. Another key responsibility will be tackling corruption, including investigations into past scandals, which remains a central demand of the youth. With reports of rights violations by both police and protesters, public pressure is likely to mount for impartial investigations and prosecutions.
On the economic front, Karki must restore security and confidence in the private sector. Attacks on industries and businesses have sent negative signals about Nepal’s investment climate and further threatened the tourism industry. The lack of jobs and political stability could push even more young Nepalis to seek employment abroad.
Externally, Karki faces the task of convincing the international community that Nepal is safe for investment, while securing support for reconstruction and elections. Like every government before hers, she will have to carefully manage relations with the three major powers most influential in Nepal—India, China, and the United States.
Photo: Photo Library
