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Born into a traditional Newar family in Bode, Bhaktapur, Sujan Baga Shrestha grew up watching and celebrating various Newa festivals and rituals. From a young age, he felt a deep calling to participate in the sacred tongue-piercing ritual, a tradition deeply rooted in his family. His father had performed the ritual for eight years, and his uncle (kaka) had also upheld the practice for several years. For Shrestha, this was more than a ritual—it was a spiritual journey, a connection to his ancestors, and a way to honor his identity.

He remembers that he was only 8–9 years old when he started understanding that his uncle also pierced the tongue. When he used to ask about the ritual, his father used to say that it was only done for god and to honor god. However, when he was 18 or 19, his father refused to let him participate, believing he was too young. Shrestha recalls the emotional moment vividly. Tears streaming down his face, he pleaded to his father to allow him to continue the family tradition in front of the camera who were shooting for his father’s piercing ceremony. As a child, he had witnessed the ritual up close, and the experience had left an indelible mark on him. He was determined to follow in his father’s footsteps, no matter the challenges.

Now a professional driver, Shrestha sees the tongue-piercing ritual as a profound spiritual experience. He believes that Nepal’s Newa culture is a source of global pride, and many Nepalis abroad continue to honor these traditions. By participating in the ritual, he aims to preserve and promote this cultural heritage, ensuring that it remains alive for future generations.

Shrestha’s faith in the power of tradition was reinforced during the devastating 2015 earthquake. While destruction ravaged much of Nepal, no houses in his community were damaged, and no lives were lost. He attributes this miracle to the blessings of the gods, who he believes watch over those who uphold their cultural practices with a pure heart.

His father, who observed the ritual for four consecutive years, was a major source of inspiration. However, after his grandmother’s passing, his father had to pause, and another uncle took over. Shrestha had wanted to step in, but his father deemed him too frail at the time. This only deepened his resolve to participate when the opportunity arose again.

Despite his passion, Shrestha has faced physical challenges, including a recurring shoulder dislocation that makes strenuous activities difficult. His first experience with the ritual was a mix of excitement and nervousness. Participants must fast for four days beforehand, consuming only alcohol if they choose. On the day of the piercing, Shrestha’s father and uncle, the ritual leader, instructed him to close his eyes. The initial piercing of the upper layer of his tongue was bearable, but the lower part brought searing pain, forcing him to squeeze his eyes shut. Yet, in that moment, he felt an overwhelming sense of pride.

One of the most remarkable moments came during the fasting period. Shrestha felt weak and suffered from a persistent cough. “But as soon as I wore the ritual costume and ghungroo (ankle bells),” he recalls. “I suddenly felt empowered, and my cough vanished.” This transformation left him in awe, reinforcing his belief in the spiritual energy of the tradition.

His second experience was even more daunting. Battling a 102-degree fever, Shrestha endured the ritual with grit and determination. When asked if he would participate again this year, he said he would decide in a few days, showcasing his unwavering commitment despite the physical toll.

The rituals surrounding the tongue-piercing tradition are steeped in discipline and reverence. Participants must offer coins which are called Bapenatyau to four key individuals—Pama (the main leader), Kaminaya (the piercer), and two Pancha Bali (representatives from the Shahi family). Strict purity rules follow: no contact with animals and women, staying indoors, and avoiding food touched by others. Even local leaders, including the Mayor and parliamentary representatives, join the ritual, underscoring its communal significance.

After the piercing, the restrictions lift, and participants enjoy a feast. When asked how they manage to eat after such a painful procedure, The leader of the ritual, Pama explains that temple mud is applied to the pierced area, providing relief. With a laugh, he adds, “After the piercing, I can easily eat a whole plate of spicy choila in the evening.”

Shrestha is passionate about passing down the tradition. If the younger generation expresses interest, he vows to support them wholeheartedly. As a newly married man, he acknowledges it may be years before his future son might participate, but he encourages his younger brother to take part if he wishes. For Shrestha, keeping the tradition alive is a sacred duty.

Though he doesn’t know the exact history of the ritual, he shares that it was practiced by his grandfather. Growing up in a family that faced poverty, Shrestha witnessed many struggles. Yet, he believes that dedicating time to the ritual has brought divine blessings and protection. “God has looked after us and kept us safe from harm,” he says.

The ritual has also shaped how the community perceives Shrestha and his family. They are treated with immense respect, and neighbors are always willing to lend a hand. For Shrestha, the tradition has brought only positivity into his life.

The final stages of the ritual are equally profound. On the 5th day of Baisakh, the leaders carry the Khatt/Kharpan of Kalika Kumari, a deity, in a sacred procession. No one is allowed to see them, and the carriers chant “Binami,” a Newar word meaning “Excuse me,” as they roam the area at night. Shrestha admits he is particularly scared of this day, as he has never dared to break the rule and peek.

Through his journey, Shrestha embodies the enduring power of tradition. His unwavering dedication to the tongue-piercing ritual reflects his deep connection to his culture, spirituality, and community. He hopes that future generations will continue to uphold these time-honored customs, ensuring that the rich heritage of the Newar people thrives for years to come. 

As we observe International Day of Happiness on March 20, it is imperative to reflect on what truly brings us joy in modern life. Every year, the World Happiness Report (WHR) publishes data on the list of happiest countries, and Finland has consistently ranked the happiest country among 143 countries for the seventh year running. The latest report puts Nepal at the 93rd place. 

Khusbu Agrawal, psychologist at Happy Mind says, “Today, happiness is linked to material possessions, success, external validation, psychological well-being, relationships, and personal development where traditional methods emphasize the significance of leading a life that is in line with one’s values and contributing to something greater than oneself, which offers a sense of purpose that goes beyond transient joys.”

She explains, “The traditional concept of togetherness and the contemporary desire for social interaction are bridged when one participates in activities that promote connections with family and friends—such as sharing meals, playing games, or volunteering for community service—putting more emphasis on meaningful activities, connections, and experiences than on material belongings.”

According to Agrawal, fostering inner peace, developing a sense of connection to something greater than oneself, and spiritual practices like meditation and prayer can help an individual manage stress and anxiety.

Siddhi Laxmi Shrestha, a local from Bhaktapur, defines happiness as the well-being found in togetherness. “I am happy when my family is healthy and doing well,” she says. “There was a time when we used to find joy without money because we exchanged things with each other and had everything within our community. But now, people chase money, social media likes, and viral fame, which isn’t a good sign.” 

For Shrestha, true happiness lies in appreciating what we have rather than dwelling on what we lack. Happiness, she says, is something one should feel at all times by embracing and appreciating what they have at present.

Aditya Dangol, counseling psychologist and mental health advocate, agrees with Shrestha. She says, “Community spaces where bonds can be created that help rekindle emotional conversations and exchange the playful side of human beings can grow a sense of belongingness and ultimately, happiness.” 

Astik Poudel, a college student, finds happiness in helping those in need. He believes that life is a one-time opportunity, and true fulfillment comes from doing good deeds rather than chasing material possessions. “I am a very spiritual person and we have only one life where our soul resides, and we must make the most of it by doing meaningful things rather than being consumed by materialism,” he says.

Acknowledging the endless nature of human desires, Poudel emphasizes the importance of practicality and selflessness. “Materialistic life makes us crave for more, but true happiness comes when we focus on helping one another. That’s what brings real contentment within ourselves.” 

Bishan Magar, who works as an inDriver, believes that financial stability is the key to happiness. For him, a good bank balance brings security and the ability to fulfill personal and family needs. “There are different aspects of happiness, but I will be happy when I have money because everyone has desires they want to fulfill, and only money can make that possible,” he says.

Magar acknowledges that happiness is subjective, but he sees wealth as a crucial factor in achieving a comfortable and fulfilling life. “If you have enough money, you can take care of yourself and your household, which ultimately brings peace of mind,” he adds.

Despite the struggles of modern life, there are individuals/organizations dedicated to spreading happiness. Poudel, who works for Divine Youth Club in Radhe Radhe feels happy when he is helping people who are in need. He says, “I feel lucky working in such a place where we help people in need and in return, receive lots of blessings and I think that is the means of happiness for me personally.”

Jiban Mani Poudel, an anthropologist, says, “People find happiness in different ways depending on their environment, age, and time. For example, we live in the city surrounded by gadgets and machines, which make our lives easier and more fulfilling. However, when we bring our grandparents here, they don’t quite feel the same. They long to return to the village because they find true happiness there, not in the city.”

Poudel says unlike in rural places, city people live close to each other, yet they seem distant and unfamiliar. 

“Talking about today’s generation, every person seems to be occupied with their phones. They no longer feel the need to socialize in real life.”

Poudel emphasizes that people today own a lot of property and have the means to fulfil all their material desires, yet they are still not completely happy. 

“Happiness is defined differently by different people and professions. As an anthropologist, we may define happiness in terms of material and cultural well-being. Psychologists, on the other hand, might define it as a state of good mental health, while doctors may see it as physical well-being. Each perspective offers a unique understanding of what it means to be truly happy,” he adds. 

Prabin Shrestha conceptualized an outdoor cafe under a magnificent mango tree, creating a warm and inviting space where people could gather, converse, and find inspiration. Named in honor of his mother, Mira, the café symbolizes the love and luck she has brought into his life. For him, La’ Mira is a sanctuary for those who value creativity, connection, and culture.

Born and raised in Hetauda, Shrestha grew up observing his father, who navigated business challenges with resilience and determination. He developed a keen interest in business from an early age. After completing his +2 in Science, he pursued a Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA). His desire to excel in the business world led him to obtain a Master of Business Administration (MBA) in 2023. 

In 2025, he was elected the Vice President of Junior Chamber International (JCI) Hetauda, an opportunity that allowed him to enhance his leadership skills and contribute to the local community.

After completing his MBA, Shrestha planned to go abroad for a PhD in Marketing, believing it to be the next logical step in his academic and professional journey. “But when I returned to Hetauda, I realized that, despite the city growing rapidly, there was no place where I could enjoy good coffee in a welcoming atmosphere,” he says. So, he decided to take matters into his own hands.

With a piece of family-owned land adjacent to his house, he saw the perfect opportunity to bring his vision to life. Thus, La’ Mira was born.

Before founding La’ Mira, Shrestha had already embarked on multiple entrepreneurial ventures. He co-founded Addy Marketing, a digital marketing agency that assisted over 100 businesses in establishing a strong online presence. Additionally, he co-founded Kathmandu Gifts, an online gifting platform that successfully delivered over 1,000 gifts across Nepal. These experiences equipped him with essential skills in branding, business strategy, and consumer behavior. “But La’ Mira was different. It was personal,” he says. 

Establishing a café in Hetauda came with its own set of challenges. The coffee culture in the region was still developing, and most people were accustomed to dark roast coffee. Shrestha, however, preferred medium roast and had to introduce this concept gradually. Through customer engagement and a well-structured loyalty program, he helped people appreciate the nuances of different coffee flavors. “The key wasn’t forcing people to adopt coffee culture, but rather to introduce them to it in a way that felt natural,” he says. 

Another significant challenge was the lack of mentorship. Shrestha had to learn the intricacies of running a hospitality business from scratch. From sourcing quality ingredients to managing a team and ensuring operational efficiency, he navigated these hurdles through continuous learning and adaptability. Hiring and retaining skilled staff in Hetauda proved to be difficult, as many hospitality professionals sought opportunities in larger cities or abroad. Despite these obstacles, he remained committed to his vision, focusing on in-house training and implementing Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) to ensure consistency in service and quality.

La’ Mira stands out due to its emphasis on experience and community building. Shrestha says that they focused not just on serving great coffee but on curating a unique ambiance, a friendly environment, and an evolving menu. Alongside coffee, La’ Mira introduced innovative food items such as open momo, choila rice, and chicken chatpatey—local flavors with a modern twist. 

La’ Mira has also become a space where students come to study, professionals come to work, and friends gather to share ideas. Shrestha’s commitment to consistency and customer engagement has helped shape a new coffee culture in Hetauda—one where coffee is not just a beverage but a lifestyle choice.

“As Hetauda grows, with better schools, colleges, and hospitals, the population is expanding, and with it, the demand for a place to connect. We’ve become part of that change.

Looking ahead, Shrestha envisions La’ Mira growing beyond a single location. While expansion is a possibility, he believes in strategic and thoughtful growth rather than rapid scaling. He is considering opening another branch in a Tier-2 city where café culture is still evolving and where La’ Mira’s unique ambiance could thrive. However, his broader vision extends beyond coffee. He aims to establish La’ Mira as a lifestyle brand synonymous with quality experiences, good connections, and unforgettable moments.

To strengthen the brand, Shrestha will be launching La’ Mira Events, a venture dedicated to organizing large-scale community gatherings. Shrestha is exploring the idea of introducing specialty coffee at La’ Mira, refining the café’s offerings, and deepening connections with coffee connoisseurs. With Hetauda’s growing population, improving educational institutions, and rising number of young professionals, the demand for quality coffee and community spaces is set to increase. La’ Mira is well-positioned to be at the forefront of this evolution. “But for now, the focus remains on solidifying La’ Mira’s identity, but when the time is right, expansion will definitely be on the table,” he says.

For those looking to start their own ventures, Shrestha offers simple yet powerful advice: Stay practical, embrace failure, and understand your market. He emphasizes the importance of balancing passion with market research, as well as seeking mentorship to navigate industry-specific challenges. He believes that while setbacks are inevitable, they are also opportunities to learn and grow.

“Small businesses contribute to the local culture and identity, making each area unique. As an entrepreneur, you have the power to shape the local economy by supporting other small ventures and investing in your community. The ripple effect of supporting and growing small businesses is immense. In the long run, small businesses build a more resilient and diverse economic landscape,” he says.

Shrestha also highlights the role of small businesses in shaping local economies. By supporting and creating small businesses, entrepreneurs contribute to job creation, innovation, and community building. Through La’ Mira, he has demonstrated that a small idea, when nurtured with vision and dedication, can transform into something much larger—a symbol of connection, culture, and shared experiences.

Shrestha’s journey as an entrepreneur resembles the power of vision, resilience, and community-driven business. From digital marketing and e-commerce to hospitality and lifestyle branding, he has carved a unique path in Nepal’s entrepreneurial landscape. La’ Mira The Coffee Club is more than just a café—it is a movement redefining coffee culture in Hetauda. With a focus on authenticity, innovation, and meaningful connections, Shrestha continues to inspire the next generation of entrepreneurs, proving that success is not just about business but about the experiences one creates along the way.

Every year, we celebrate women’s day on March 8 and take a moment to reflect on the meaningful changes in favor of women. In Nepal, women have made remarkable strides in education, employment, and leadership, yet challenges like gender inequality, societal expectations, and work-life balance persist. As we mark this day, ApEx spoke to three people regarding the role of society, families, and future generations in shaping a more inclusive and equitable world for women. 

Lasata Shakya, 17

For generations, deep-rooted psychological and cultural beliefs have contributed to the discrimination of women in our society. Many still think that women are incapable of performing tasks traditionally assigned to men, unfit for leadership, or lack the ability to provide guidance in professional settings. The key to breaking these barriers lies in support, encouragement, and education. 

Family members play a crucial role in shaping a woman’s confidence, both at home and in her professional life. Instead of criticism, they should offer guidance and opportunities to learn from mistakes. Education, above all, is the most powerful tool for transforming societal mindsets. When families understand that education is not just a necessity for men but equally important for women, they pave the way for a more balanced and progressive future. Psychological and social awareness initiatives can help dismantle gender biases. Creating platforms that encourage equal participation across all fields, along with maintaining a safe and inclusive environment for women, is essential for true empowerment. 

Sagar Mainali, 29

Women continue to face many problems related to equality, some of which are deeply rooted in societal norms. For instance, the demand for separate seats in public transport may unintentionally reinforce the idea that women are weak and need special provisions. While safety is a concern, true equality comes from creating an environment where women feel secure everywhere, not just in designated spaces.

In our conservative society, daughters are often seen as temporary members of their birth families because they are expected to move to their husband’s home after marriage. As a result, many parents hesitate to invest in their daughters’ education, believing that only sons can provide financial returns. However, we must shift this mindset. Education should not be seen as an investment with expected returns but as a fundamental right and a tool for personal growth. Rather than expecting financial benefits from children, parents should focus on equipping them—both sons and daughters—with the knowledge and skills to shape their own futures. Women, in particular, play a crucial role in national development, and empowering them through education will bring significant positive change.

Jamuna Shakya, 64

I don’t have any idea on women’s day as we have never celebrated the day and never heard of it too. There was a time when women weren’t allowed to work and they had no career aspirations but things have changed today. Women go out to work and have flourishing careers. That makes me happy. I think there is nothing women can’t do if they are given the right opportunities. I hope no girl is denied education and that it becomes compulsory to send girls to school. Our society treats men and women differently and that will only change when both of them are equally educated and aware and I hope I live to see that day. 

Public spaces should be safe for everyone, yet countless women continue to face daily threats to their safety and dignity. As we celebrate Women’s Day, it is imperative to shine a light on the persistent challenges women encounter in the real world. From public harassment and workplace discrimination to online abuse, these issues are not only widespread but often deeply embedded in societal structures, making the fight for safety and equality an ongoing struggle. The reality is that women’s safety is not just a women’s issue—it is a societal issue that requires collective action, systemic change, and a commitment to dismantling the structures that perpetuate inequality and violence.

For many women, leaving their homes is an act of courage. Street harassment, ranging from catcalling to physical intimidation, remains one of the most common forms of gender-based violence. A staggering majority of women worldwide report experiencing some form of harassment in public spaces. Whether it’s on public transportation, in parks, or simply walking down the street, women are often subjected to unwanted attention, comments, or even physical contact. Despite its prevalence, legal frameworks to address these issues remain inadequate, leaving many women to navigate these threats alone.

Prerna Shakya, a 22-year-old professional, shared a harrowing experience: “Once, while on a bus, an elderly man tried to inappropriately touch me. I froze, unsure how to react, but a brave woman intervened. She pushed him away and stayed with me until I felt safe.” Shakya expressed her initial helplessness, adding, “It felt like some elderly people, lacking awareness, tried to exploit you. I realized that women need to take action in such situations—something I couldn’t do then but am prepared to do now.”

This incident highlights the importance of bystander intervention and community support. However, it also underscores the need for systemic change, including better enforcement of laws and public awareness campaigns to educate people about the impact of harassment. Women should not have to rely on the bravery of strangers to feel safe in public spaces.

While progress has been made in promoting gender inclusivity, the workplace remains a battleground for many women. Pay inequities, the glass ceiling, and rampant sexual harassment continue to hinder women’s career advancement. Fear of retaliation often silences those who wish to report misconduct, perpetuating a culture of impunity. Many women are forced to endure hostile work environments because they cannot afford to lose their jobs or fear the social stigma associated with speaking out.

Natasha Shrestha (a pseudonym), a student working at a small tile shop, recounted her ordeal: “When I started working here three months ago, the shop owner asked me out for coffee. When I declined, his behavior turned hostile.” She added, “I can’t afford to leave this job due to financial instability, and I fear that complaining would cost me my job. That’s why I don’t want to reveal my name.” Her story is a stark reminder of the countless untold experiences of workplace harassment faced by women.

To address these issues, companies must adopt stricter anti-harassment policies, provide safe channels for reporting misconduct, and foster a culture of accountability. Leadership opportunities for women should be prioritized, and pay equity must be enforced to ensure that women are not disadvantaged in their careers. Legal frameworks that hold companies accountable for gender discrimination and harassment are critical to creating a more inclusive and equitable workplace.

Even in the digital age, the internet, while a platform for empowerment, has become a breeding ground for online harassment. Cyberstalking, non-consensual image sharing, and explicit messages disproportionately target women, undermining their sense of security in virtual spaces. An undergraduate student shared her experience: “I once received explicit images and inappropriate messages from a stranger using a celebrity’s profile picture. It was deeply disturbing and made me realize how vulnerable we are online. I now advise others to be cautious—avoid sharing personal information and be wary of adding strangers on social media.”

Her experience is echoed by countless women who face similar threats in digital spaces. Online harassment not only affects women’s mental health but also restricts their freedom to express themselves and participate fully in the digital world. Experts emphasize the need for stronger penalties for digital harassment and better enforcement of existing laws to protect women’s rights online. Social media platforms must also take responsibility by implementing stricter policies and tools to combat abuse.

Countries around the world have taken steps to address these issues, offering models for reform. In Japan, women-only train cars during peak hours have been introduced to protect women from harassment in crowded trains. Similarly, South Korea has implemented women-only taxis and designated floors in public places like parks to ensure women’s safety. Mexico and India have also introduced women-only transportation options and emergency helplines to provide immediate assistance to those in need.

Technological innovations are also playing a crucial role in enhancing women’s safety. Panic buttons, GPS-tracking safety apps, and AI-driven threat detection systems are empowering women to navigate public spaces with greater confidence. These tools, combined with educational initiatives aimed at shifting societal perceptions of gender equality, are essential in the fight to ensure women’s safety in both physical and digital spaces.

Education is a powerful tool in the fight for gender equality and women’s safety. Laxmi Sharma, Under-secretary of the Law Section at the National Women’s Commission, emphasized the importance of education and community involvement. “Women often hesitate to report harassment, which is why reported cases appear low. Educating parents and communities is essential to raising awareness and fostering a supportive environment for women.”

In rural areas, where girls are often denied access to education, the lack of awareness about women’s rights and safety is particularly concerning. By ensuring that girls receive an education and are informed about their rights, we can empower them to stand up against harassment and discrimination. Parents and community leaders also play a crucial role in challenging harmful stereotypes and promoting gender equality from an early age.

Dinesh Kumar Acharya, Deputy Inspector General of Nepal Police (DIG), noted a decline in reported cases of public harassment, attributing it to the efforts of NGOs and awareness campaigns. “We are working with organizations to raise awareness, including teaching students about ‘good touch’ and ‘bad touch.’ In the 2023/2024 fiscal year, only two cases were reported, which is a positive sign,” he said. However, experts stress the need for stronger penalties for digital harassment and more robust corporate policies to combat workplace discrimination and harassment.

Gita Neupane, a counselor at The Women’s Foundation Nepal, emphasized the importance of legal support. “Many girls experience harassment but are too scared to speak up, which only perpetuates the problem. While we don’t directly handle such cases, we provide legal support to those who seek our help. Every woman has the right to feel safe in public spaces, and authorities must take stricter actions to address this issue.”

Rabindra Dhant was born and raised in Bajhang, a remote place in Sudurpaschim. From a young age, he wanted to be recognized and was driven by a strong desire to make a name for himself. Although his formal education ended after 10th grade, Dhant’s aspirations reached far beyond the classroom. He eventually made a pivotal decision to move to India in search of job opportunities, hoping to create a better life for himself.

While working in India, he noticed a Martial Arts (MA) gym on his daily commute. He was immediately drawn to it, and the idea of pursuing martial arts struck him deeply.  “ I was self-conscious about my height but I was determined,” he says. Dhant began learning more about martial arts and its various benefits, gradually realizing that it was not just about being physically strong but also about being mentally disciplined.

Soon, he decided to take part in a competition. In 2019, at just 18 years old, he competed and won in the MMA amateur National Championship in India. However, his opportunity to represent Nepal internationally was limited due to restrictions around his Nepali passport in India.

But he remained committed to his passion. He made the bold decision to pursue professional MMA, but found that opportunities were limited in India. After participating in three professional fights, he began to face pressure from his family who were unsure about his future in the sport. Despite their concerns, he chose to follow his dream.

He returned to Kathmandu and tried various avenues, including consulting for a visa, but found no clear path. Struggling financially and lacking economic support, Dhant felt torn between continuing his fighting career and securing a steady job. Nevertheless, he remained determined to keep pursuing his passion for MMA.

Upon his return to Kathmandu, he continued his search for a suitable gym for regular training and practice. He used to practise boxing in Satdobato, Latitpur. He connected with friends who practiced karate and was introduced to Pump Gym in Jhamsikhel, Lalitpur. Eventually, he met Diwiz Piya, a seasoned Muay Thai and Jiu Jitsu practitioner, who allowed Dhant to join the training sessions and participate in ground game competitions at Lock and Roll, a boxing gym in Patan, Lalitpur.

Dhant’s persistence paid off when he received an offer to fight in India once again, which he accepted. At this point, the MMA scene in Nepal began to gain momentum, with both striking and ground games becoming more popular. He continued his MMA training, now focused on both the striking and ground game aspects, dedicating himself to improving his skills.

After two years of intense training and competitive fights, Dhant’s story caught Sisan Baniya’s attention, who proposed making a documentary about his journey. The duo traveled to his village and shot footage for the project, but they decided to pause it as they felt the narrative needed to conclude with an international fight. Dhant’s dreams were closer to coming true.

In an unexpected twist of fate, Dhant found himself in Thailand, where he trained for a month. Thanks to his coach, Piya’s connections, he got a chance to fight in the One Championship League. He won the match. He then returned to Nepal but lost his next fight. He has also fought a Russian fighter in his first fight in One Championship with a technical knockout, marking the first time ever a Nepali has fought and won at that level.

Recalling his first experience, he shares that he initially competed in jiu-jitsu, where his nerves got the best of him. “I was so nervous that my legs felt heavy. As I climbed the stairs, the sound of my steps echoed loudly,” he says. “I didn’t even realize when I entered the cage.” However, in his first MMA fight, he learned to control his emotions. “I figured it out and managed to walk confidently onto the cage. I did my best in my MMA fight later,” he adds.

Dhant remained focused and trained rigorously, organizing the Nepal Warriors Championship (NWC) in Nepal with an Australian opponent, which he won. Now, with a strong team in Bali at the Soma Fight Club, Dhant is prepared for the next chapter in his MMA career. He credits the Nepali fighter Yuki Angdembe for his support and sponsorship along the way.

Over time, his family also came to accept and support his passion. Although they initially encouraged him to quit, they eventually saw the value in his dedication after his national victory. Today, his family is proud of his accomplishments and the path he has chosen.

MMA has become more than just a sport for Dhant; it is a passion that fuels him every day. “I used to be so tired after work but it never bothered me when I entered the gym. I was in love with MMA, and it gave me energy,” he says. The financial challenges were daunting, but his love for the sport pushed him. 

“At the beginning of my training, everything felt easy as I was highly motivated and eager to push myself. But, as I progressed, the intensity increased, making it much more challenging. Now, I have to train two to three times a day at a high level, constantly analyzing my opponents, keeping up with trends, and preparing for fights,” he says.He adds that at times, it’s tough to push himself, but he has learned to accept the pain as part of the process. Body aches have become normal, he says. 

MMA in Nepal is still in its early stages, but it has grown significantly in just two years. Previously, two organizations used to host amateur fights, but they shut down due to a lack of awareness. Back then, no one even knew about NWC, but today, we see more fighters rising and following their passion. NWC is continuously improving, offering players better opportunities, sponsorships, and support, despite some financial challenges. 

“Many people are surprised when they learn about the resources and facilities available at NWC. While sports like football and cricket dominate in terms of popularity, MMA is rapidly gaining recognition, and the crowd has developed a strong love for the sport,” says Dhant. 

Injuries are inevitable in sport but whether a fight continues after an injury depends on both the player and the doctor. “In small leagues, we have to bear the medical expenses ourselves, but in grand leagues, the company and sponsors take care of it,” he says. However, he emphasized that fighters are more likely to get injured during training than in actual fights. 

Having competed in both national and international fights, Dhant notes how the atmosphere changes with the venue. “Here, we fight in a small cage, which is enough for us, but when fighting abroad, it feels different—the bright lights and the huge cage make a big impact.”  However, he points out a stark difference in India. “The cages there don’t function properly, and for medical emergencies, they only provide ice cubes and Vaseline. We even have to find a doctor ourselves.”

For those aspiring to follow this path, Dhant emphasizes the importance of patience, hard work, and discipline. “MMA is an expensive sport to pursue,” he admits.

Reflecting on his journey, he shares, “I have learned to speak in front of people and cameras. I have gained discipline and a strong work ethic. Since I always wanted to be recognized from a young age, I’m grateful to have reached a point where people know me and want to learn about me.”

The growing reports of conductors overcharging passengers or deliberately disabling the use of student cards after a certain hour in the evening highlight a pressing concern—why hasn’t the digitization of bus fares been fully embraced? The initiative was first introduced on 14 March 2017, by Sajha Yatayat in Kathmandu, initially implemented on 10 buses along the Lagankhel-New Buspark route. The system aimed to bring efficiency to fare collection and put an end to unfair pricing practices. However, despite its potential to streamline public transportation and ensure transparency, the adoption of smart travel cards remains sluggish.

Sajha Yatayat installed smart travel card readers on both doors of the buses, enabling passengers to pay fares by swiping their cards upon entry and exit. The system deducts fare amounts based on the traveled distance. Sajha planned to expand this system across all routes within the Valley. Smart cards were made available for purchase at the Pulchowk office and Lagankhel bus stop, with recharges facilitated through bus conductors or Sajha offices. Despite these efforts, the adoption of smart cards remains minimal after a year of operation.

Before Sajha Yatayat, city buses operated by Global Metro City Bus Company in Bharatpur and 800 buses in Pokhara adopted smart card technology; these systems failed due to issues such as recharging difficulties, technical malfunctions, and lack of government mandates.

Janak Risal, Assistant manager of Sajha Yatayat office said, “We introduced the bus card digital payment system to better understand the flow of passengers and to know how many passengers were using the bus in which routes. The goal behind this initiative was to keep accurate records of commuters and improve our understanding of bus usage patterns.”

He mentioned that there are fewer regular passengers who consistently use the bus on the same route, and many don’t prioritize getting a monthly bus card subscription. “We’re currently working on improving this, and to raise awareness, we’re displaying the importance of digitization at the front of the bus.”

“We’re also hopeful that other bus services will start coordinating with us, as in the past, private buses haven’t been as involved. Another challenge we face is the lack of WiFi availability on all buses, and we’ve noticed that some elderly passengers struggle to navigate the system. We’re working on addressing these issues to ensure the transition is smooth for everyone,” he added.

Risal explained that many people are unaware of the system, and during a survey, they didn’t see much interest from passengers either. To help raise awareness, they’ve equipped each bus with WiFi, hoping this will encourage people to get familiar with the system over time. “Our plan is to gradually normalize online payments among passengers and, eventually, transition to a completely cashless system on the buses.”

While the idea of a smart card fare system sounds like the perfect solution to Nepal’s long-standing issues with fare collection, its implementation has been anything but smooth. Several challenges continue to hinder the widespread adoption of this digital payment method, keeping Kathmandu’s public transport stuck in its traditional cash-based system. We can know normally that for years, bus conductors and drivers have pocketed a portion of daily fare collections, often reporting only half of their actual earnings to vehicle owners. A fully digital system would track every transaction, cutting off this extra income source.

One regular passenger from Bhaktapur shared, “This is a great initiative for our country. I’ve often seen conductors being rude, and sometimes, when we’re in a hurry, it’s frustrating not having the exact change. With this system, there will be no need to worry about that anymore.”

He said that the government should implement digital payments to reduce travel time, and eliminate the need for exact change. It would simplify drivers’ jobs, provide transparency, and help track payments. “However, challenges such as network issues, resistance to change, and potential technical problems like poor connectivity or low battery for passengers may arise.”

Many countries around the world have successfully embraced innovative changes in infrastructure, technology, and policy, why does Nepal seem hesitant to follow suit? Countries like South Korea, Denmark, and Singapore have adapted to new technologies, improved transportation systems, and embraced environmental reforms with ease. So, why is it that when it comes to implementing similar changes in Nepal, there seems to be a lingering sense of fear or hesitation?

The smart card systems offer seamless and cashless travel, reducing the hassle of carrying change and speeding up the boarding process. They have not only improved the efficiency of public transport but also increased the convenience for citizens. In contrast, Nepal’s public transport system still relies heavily on cash transactions, creating bottlenecks and inefficiencies that could be easily resolved by introducing a similar card-based payment system.

For example, Singapore, where the adoption of a contactless card system revolutionized the city’s transportation network. People embraced the convenience, and within years, it became the norm. Similarly, in South Korea, the T-money card has been integral to a sophisticated, efficient public transport system. 

Yet, in Nepal, the discussion about introducing a bus card system has been slow to gain momentum. The fear of a large upfront investment or the complexity of implementing such a system has kept it on the back burner for years. But what if Nepal’s hesitation isn’t just about cost, but about a deeper reluctance to embrace change? 

Countries that have adopted these smart systems have shown that education and public awareness are key. A bus card system isn’t just a new way to pay for a ride—it’s a cultural shift. If Nepal’s government, bus operators, and the public can come together to educate and raise awareness about the ease and advantages of such a system, the transition could be much smoother than anticipated.

The introduction of a digital fare system raises concerns about job security among conductors. If passengers can simply tap their smart cards and board the bus, the role of a conductor traditionally responsible for fare collection could be diminished, leaving many workers uncertain about their future in public transport. A large portion of Nepal’s transport workforce has limited experience with digital tools, making it difficult for them to transition to a tech-driven system. 

Overcoming these barriers will require more than just technology—it demands a coordinated effort between transport operators, government bodies, and financial institutions to create an integrated, user-friendly, and widely accepted digital fare system.

To ensure fairness and efficiency in the implementation of bus fare systems, the role of technology experts becomes increasingly crucial. With their expertise, we can build robust systems that not only streamline the process but also ensure transparency and fairness for all users. This technological intervention will be essential in creating solutions that prevent fraud, simplify payment methods, and make the entire fare collection system more user-friendly, thereby fostering trust and accessibility for everyone. 

For Nepal’s public transport sector to successfully transition to a digital fare system, government intervention is crucial. One effective approach could be introducing tax incentives for digital payments, encouraging both passengers and transport operators to embrace the change. Valuable lessons can also be drawn from the success of ride-sharing services like Pathao and inDrive, which overcame similar resistance by implementing smart strategies. These included extensive education campaigns for both passengers and drivers, attractive incentives and discounts for digital transactions, simplified and user-friendly technology, strong customer support systems, and close collaboration with regulatory bodies to ensure smooth operations.

According to Madhav Raj Pandey, Section Officer at the Transport Management, The policy to implement an online payment system along with a GPS feature and WiFi in 100 buses is underway. While the integration of these technologies will enhance the efficiency and convenience of the service, it will take time to develop and implement a robust system to ensure seamless functionality.

“The new system will keep a detailed record of all transactions, helping to reduce incidents of conductors overcharging passengers. By securely storing this information, the system will ensure greater transparency and accountability.”

Pandey added, “We’ve been raising awareness about it through Radio FM broadcasts from traffic FM and sharing informative videos on our Facebook page, Newspapers highlighting the importance of these initiatives.”

As Nepal looks towards the future of public transportation, the introduction of a bus card system is just the beginning. The real potential lies in scaling this system to encompass all forms of transport, from taxis to microbuses. Imagine a seamless travel experience where a single card allows access to buses, taxis, and even tempos, making the city’s transport system more connected, efficient, and user-friendly. 

The economic implications of such a digitized transportation system are far-reaching. By moving away from cash-based transactions, Nepal can foster a more transparent and efficient economy. Digitization reduces the cost and risks associated with handling cash, prevents revenue leakage, and increases efficiency for both passengers and operators. With easier tracking of fares, the government can implement better pricing models and even offer incentives or discounts for sustainable transport choices. 

By investing in this digital infrastructure, Nepal can not only modernize its transportation sector but also pave the way for a smarter, more sustainable future. As we look ahead, it’s clear that the future of transport in Nepal is one of innovation, inclusivity, and sustainability. The question is no longer ‘Why?’ but ‘When?’

A well-implemented system benefits everyone, vehicle owners get transparency, drivers and conductors secure earnings, and passengers enjoy fair, hassle-free travel. With the right strategies, Nepal can finally move towards a seamless, digital public transport system.

Have you ever heard of parasocial relationships? Imagine feeling an intense emotional connection to someone who doesn’t even know you exist. It could be an actor whose movies you never miss, a fictional character you adore, an influencer whose posts feel relatable, or a YouTuber you feel deeply connected to. This one-sided attachment, though imaginary, can feel incredibly real. In today’s digital age, where screens bring personalities closer than ever, parasocial relationships—those deep yet one-way emotional bonds—are becoming increasingly common. These relationships involve feelings of attachment, admiration, or affection toward someone who doesn’t reciprocate or even acknowledge your existence.

The term “parasocial interaction” was first introduced in 1956 by sociologists Donald Horton and R. Richard Wohl. They observed that television viewers often formed strong emotional bonds with on-screen personalities, such as talk show hosts and news anchors. These figures appeared approachable and intimate, creating an illusion of friendship despite the one-sided nature of the interaction. Over time, this concept has evolved, especially with the rise of digital media, where parasocial relationships have become more nuanced and widespread.

Parasocial relationships typically progress through three stages. The first stage involves interaction, where a fan begins following or engaging with a celebrity, influencer, or public figure. This could include watching their content, attending events, or interacting on social media. At this point, the connection is primarily one-sided, with the fan being the active participant. In the second stage, the fan starts to feel a deeper sense of connection, often viewing the figure as a “friend” or someone they personally know. They may spend more time consuming the figure’s content and believe in a mutual bond, despite the absence of real interaction. The third stage is marked by intense emotional investment. The fan may feel loyalty, support, and attachment to the figure, possibly leading to over-identification. They might celebrate the figure’s successes as their own and feel personally affected by their actions or life events.

With the evolution of technology, parasocial relationships have adapted to changing media landscapes. While people once felt connected to traditional celebrities like movie stars or TV anchors, they now form bonds with online influencers and even virtual avatars. Platforms like YouTube, TikTok, Instagram, and Facebook have created dynamic spaces for these relationships to flourish. Modern interactive features, such as live streams and comment sections, allow users to engage directly with their favorite personalities, fostering a sense of closeness. Additionally, people continue to form deep attachments to fictional characters from TV shows, movies, and books, experiencing emotions that mirror the characters’ journeys.

One of the key appeals of parasocial relationships is their emotional safety. Since the connection is one-sided, there are no interpersonal conflicts or disagreements. The media personality can be seen as an idealized figure, offering inspiration or aspiration. They provide a sense of connection or belonging to a community, even without direct interaction. Moreover, these relationships are easily accessible, as media personalities are often available through various platforms.

However, there are downsides to these one-sided bonds. Individuals may reduce real-life social engagement, focusing more on their parasocial connections. Media personalities can exploit these emotional bonds for financial gain or personal agendas. The lack of mutual interaction can lead to blurred boundaries, where fans may feel entitled to the attention of their favorite celebrities, resulting in unhealthy expectations and behaviors. In some cases, this can escalate into serious psychological issues, such as loneliness, unrealistic expectations, and emotional distress.

According to Kapil Sharma, a counseling psychologist,  there is also a high chance of a ‘breakup’ in parasocial relationships, where the fan’s connection is disrupted. “This could happen if the public figure becomes less accessible, faces scandals, or stops engaging with their audience.” Sharma explains that such disruptions can leave individuals feeling hurt, confused, or abandoned, leading to emotional withdrawal. “The breakup stage can disrupt sleep and eating habits, as individuals may become overly consumed with the relationship. The lack of reciprocity can lead to emotional dissatisfaction or loneliness. Focusing on parasocial relationships may also negatively impact professional and educational performance, as individuals prioritize media consumption over responsibilities.”

Algorithms play a significant role in reinforcing these relationships. For instance, watching videos of the same person on YouTube can lead to more recommendations, deepening the attachment. Samira Kiju, an 18-year-old fan of the South Korean pop group, BTS, says watching the shows and listening to the music of  his favorite group excites him. “Following BTS for six years has made me feel like I’m growing with them. Even though I’ve never met them, they feel like a part of my life. They motivate me to be confident and love myself. Their live streams feel like phone calls with a long-distance friend, helping me relax after an exhausting day.”

Rabindra Dhant, an MMA fighter in the Asia Pacific region, shares his perspective as a public figure. “I feel happy and motivated by people who form parasocial relationships with me. Sometimes I feel pressure, but I enjoy it because it makes this journey worth it.” He mostly interacts with his fans through Instagram and YouTube. “We motivate each other to be better than we were yesterday.”

Parasocial relationships also extend to fictional characters, who often feel as real as any person in our lives. We laugh, cry, and dream with these characters, forming bonds that blur the line between reality and fiction. They may be products of storytelling, but the emotional attachment they inspire is undeniably powerful.

Parasocial relationships highlight the intricate balance between human emotional connection and modern technology. While they offer comfort, a sense of belonging, and even motivation, they also present challenges that require introspection. As technology continues to reshape how we form connections, it’s worth asking: How deep are our bonds with media figures, and what does this mean for our real-world relationships? Are we truly engaging with each other, or are we becoming more isolated, seeking fulfillment from one-sided bonds? These questions challenge us to reflect on the evolving nature of human interaction in the age of screens and algorithms.