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Artificial intelligence (AI) is the Swiss army knife of modern technology, with a slew of groundbreaking characteristics that are transforming our lives. Consider it a brain that learns and develops via a technique known as machine learning. This implies that AI may become wiser over time as it processes data, allowing it to excel in tasks such as identifying faces in photographs and comprehending what you’re saying. Then there’s its ability to tackle tough problems: AI can analyze complicated circumstances, see patterns, and devise solutions in the same way that your brain can solve a puzzle. This magic may be seen in self-driving cars weaving in and out of traffic, or in medical instruments identifying illnesses based on patient data. But wait—there’s more!

AI’s strength is its capacity to solve mundane tasks, enabling us to perform more important things. Picture this: 4,444 robots in factories performing the same duty repeatedly without breaking a sweat, or nice chatbots answering client queries without stopping. It’s like having an assistant that works nonstop. The extent of AI is comparable to a cosmos waiting to be discovered. In healthcare, it’s like having a competent medical assistant who can help identify ailments, discover new treatments, and customize the best therapy for each individual. Finance is also being aided by AI, which crunches statistics to locate the greatest investments and uncover shady deals.

AI’s strength is its ability to solve routine jobs, freeing us to do more important things. Consider this: 4,444 robots in factories completing the same task endlessly without breaking a sweat, or lovely chatbots answering client concerns nonstop. It’s like having a 24/7 helper. The scope of AI is analogous to a universe waiting to be explored. In healthcare, it’s similar to having a qualified medical assistant who can help detect illnesses, uncover new medicines, and tailor the best therapy for each individual. Finance is also being boosted by AI, which crunches data to find the best investments and reveal dubious agreements.

The great promise of AI creates substantial hurdles in a variety of industries. The main issue is job loss. As AI takes over tasks, there is concern about widespread unemployment as repetitive activities disappear. Another big issue is prejudice in AI algorithms. The data utilized to educate AI may be skewed, resulting in discriminatory employment or loan approval processes, aggravating social inequalities. The mystery of AI decision-making is also a hurdle. Many AI systems behave like ‘black boxes’, making it impossible to comprehend how they make judgments. This makes it harder to remedy any underlying biases or inaccuracies. Security issues are also a major concern. Hackers target AI systems, posing a risk of data breaches or even influencing essential processes, endangering both privacy and security. Ethical problems are also raised, particularly when autonomous weaponry and AI make critical judgments. It is critical to identify who is in charge and who is accountable. To overcome these difficulties, we need to properly create and control artificial intelligence. Balancing innovation and ethical issues is critical for AI to function for our benefit while causing no damage.

Nepal’s road towards artificial intelligence has only just begun. As the rest of the world adopts self-driving vehicles and modern medical equipment, Nepal is making the initial moves. Universities are taking the lead in addressing Nepal’s linguistic variety by doing research in areas such as natural language processing. This might indicate that AI helpers can speak and comprehend local languages, so overcoming the communication gap. Meanwhile, firms are launching AI-powered customer service chatbots and agricultural data analysis. These programs aim to increase efficiency and decision-making in a range of fields. However, Nepal has hurdles such as limited resources, infrastructure, and a rapidly changing technical scene, which might stymie growth. Despite these challenges, Nepal’s initial step into AI promises a future of creativity and growth. It appears that we are witnessing the beginning sparks that will ignite incredible possibilities for the country.

In short, Nepal’s AI adventure has only just begun, yet the seeds of development are already firmly established. Universities are driving research in fields such as natural language processing (NLP), while entrepreneurs are studying artificial intelligence for customer service and agriculture. These initiatives claim to boost efficiency and encourage innovation in a variety of industries. However, there are several hurdles, including limited resources and a technology ecosystem that is still establishing its feet. Responsible development and ethical issues are key to Nepal's AI path. This emerging industry has the potential to transform Nepal's future, but success requires addressing these challenges and ensuring that AI serves the general good. It's like raising a seedling tree: given the correct care and attention, it has the potential to develop and develop into something absolutely spectacular.

Alan Adhikari

Xavier International College, Kalopul

Over the past few years, Nepal has witnessed a significant surge in the number of students opting to pursue higher education abroad, particularly in countries like the United States, Australia, and the United Kingdom, among other popular destinations. This article delves into the reasons behind this growing trend, analyzing the factors that drive Nepali students to seek educational opportunities overseas. By examining relevant statistics and facts, the aim is to shed light on the underlying motivations that have reshaped the higher education landscape in Nepal.

Quality of education

One of the primary factors driving this interest in studying abroad is the perceived higher quality of education offered by renowned international institutions. Many students believe that attending colleges overseas would provide them with a more comprehensive and globally recognized education, preparing them for the competitive global job market. According to research conducted by the Ministry of Education, approximately 65 percent of students seeking higher education abroad cite improved academic facilities and resources as their main motivation.

Specialized courses and opportunities

Another significant motivator is the lack of specialized courses offered in Nepal’s institutions. Many students have specific career goals and seek programs that are not available in their home country. Countries like the US and the UK are known for offering a wide range of courses that cater to diverse interests and career options. Subjects such as artificial intelligence, robotics, biotechnology, and environmental studies are more readily available in international universities.

Research opportunities and infrastructure

Opportunities for research and access to advanced infrastructure are additional drivers pushing students to pursue further education overseas. Foreign research institutes offer state-of-the-art facilities, well-equipped laboratories, and funding for research initiatives, which can significantly contribute to a student’s academic and professional growth.

Global exposure and cultural diversity

The prospect of global exposure and cultural diversity also plays a vital role in influencing students’ decisions to study abroad. Immersing themselves in different cultures and perspectives enhances their overall educational experience and fosters cross-cultural dialogue, tolerance, and adaptability. Surveys show that over 78 percent of Nepali students consider the chance to experience other cultures and environments as a critical factor in their decision-making process.

Visa policies and job opportunities

Favorable visa policies in countries like Australia, Canada, and New Zealand also attract Nepalese students looking for better job opportunities upon graduation. Many students view obtaining a foreign degree as a pathway to lucrative employment in their host country or even back in Nepal. Data from the Nepal Immigration Office indicates a steady increase in the number of student visas granted for these nations over the past decade.

Political and economic factors

Socioeconomic and political factors also come into play in Nepali students’ decision-making processes. Concerns about the insecurity of Nepal’s education system due to frequent strikes and disruptions have raised questions about educational quality and reliability. Moreover, the competitive nature of the domestic labor market and limited prospects for professional advancement have encouraged students to seek better opportunities abroad.

Language barriers, specifically English language proficiency, are also influencing factors. While English is one of Nepal’s official languages, the quality of English language education may not always meet international standards. Consequently, students often choose to take English language competency exams such as TOEFL and IELTS as admission requirements for overseas universities.

The increasing number of Nepali students seeking higher education abroad reflects a global trend where overseas education is becoming more accessible and attractive. This movement is driven by perceived higher academic standards, specialized course offerings, research opportunities, exposure to different cultures, and the potential for better job prospects. It is crucial for policymakers and education authorities to acknowledge these reasons and work towards improving educational quality and expanding opportunities within the country, in order to retain talent and contribute to national development.

Furthermore, to stay abreast of global advancements in various fields, the government should explore partnerships with international institutions and invest in research infrastructure. By addressing the issues that drive students overseas, Nepal can transform its education system into one that not only attracts students from other countries but also retains talented individuals from within the nation, ultimately contributing to the country’s growth and development.

The author works for an education consultancy firm

The Covid-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on the global economy, and Nepal has not been immune to this economic decline. The nation is facing exceptional challenges that have greatly affected the socio economic welfare of its citizens. Nevertheless, Nepal has the opportunity to revitalize its economy and pave the way for a prosperous future. This essay aims to explore the major issues, potential opportunities, and future strategies for Nepal’s economy after the Covid-19 crisis. Furthermore, it will offer recommendations to the government on resolving current economic challenges while fostering the development of small, medium-sized, and startup enterprises. Challenges Nepal’s economy has been severely impacted by the Covid-19 pandemic, particularly due to its heavy reliance on tourism, remittances, and agriculture. The country is expected to experience a 1.5 percent decline in its economy during FY2021, and the unemployment rate has surged as a result of the crisis. The tourism sector, which contributes approximately seven percent to Nepal’s GDP, has been severely affected, with travel restrictions bringing the industry to a standstill. It may take several years for the sector to fully recover. Remittances, accounting for nearly 25 percent of Nepal’s GDP, have also declined due to the pandemic. Many Nepali workers who were employed abroad lost their jobs and returned home, exacerbating the unemployment situation. The decrease in remittances has also affected the purchasing power of Nepali households, leading to a decline in demand for goods and services. The agriculture industry, which employs around 70 percent of the Nepali population, has also faced significant challenges. Market closures and disruptions in transportation have impacted the supply chain, resulting in a decrease in agricultural output. Small-scale farmers have been particularly affected, facing difficulties in accessing markets and suffering from a decline in their livelihoods. Opportunities Despite the challenges posed by the pandemic, Nepal possesses unique opportunities to rebuild its economy and create new prospects for its population. The country boasts abundant natural resources and a youthful and talented workforce, which can be leveraged to foster sustainable economic growth and employment opportunities. Nepal’s tourism industry holds immense potential. The nation is endowed with numerous natural and cultural assets that can be harnessed for tourism purposes. The government can prioritize the development of new tourism products that align with the principles of sustainability. Initiatives such as ecotourism and community-based tourism can create fresh avenues for local communities while ensuring the protection of the environment. Furthermore, renewable energy represents a significant avenue for growth in Nepal. The country possesses abundant hydroelectric resources that can be harnessed to meet its energy demands. By focusing on the development of renewable energy sources, Nepal can reduce its dependence on imported fossil fuels, enhance energy security, and promote a greener future. Supporting the development of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and startups is another crucial aspect for Nepal’s economic growth. SMEs already contribute over 22 percent to the country’s GDP and employ approximately 2.2m people. The government can offer financial and technical assistance to SMEs, enabling them to expand their operations, create more job opportunities, and contribute further to the economy. By capitalizing on these opportunities, Nepal can overcome the pandemic’s impact and pave the way for a resilient and prosperous economy that benefits its people. Roadmap to prosperity Nepal requires a comprehensive roadmap encompassing short-term, medium-term, and long-term actions to ensure sustained economic growth and prosperity. The following key areas should be addressed: Building resilience: Nepal needs to enhance its resilience to future pandemics and economic shocks. The government should prioritize healthcare spending to strengthen its response capabilities. Additionally, implementing social protection programs will provide support to vulnerable populations during economic downturns. Economic diversification: It is crucial for Nepal’s economy to diversify and reduce dependence on a few sectors. The government should actively promote the growth of new industries such as renewable energy, information and communications technology (ICT), and manufacturing. Tourism growth: Long-term growth of the tourism industry should be a priority, with a focus on sustainable practices like ecotourism and community-based tourism. Investments in infrastructure development and public-private partnerships can drive tourism growth, particularly in rural areas, creating employment opportunities and stimulating economic progress. Development of SMEs and startups: The government should facilitate the growth of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and startups by providing them with financial and technical support. Streamlining regulatory procedures and improving access to financing for small businesses are essential steps to foster their growth. Education and skill development: Investing in education and skill development is crucial to build a competent workforce capable of meeting the demands of the modern economy. The government should prioritize technical and vocational education and training (TVET) to equip young people with the necessary skills. Promoting entrepreneurship education can also inspire young individuals to establish their own businesses. Infrastructure development: Nepal needs to invest in infrastructure development to support economic progress. Strengthening transportation infrastructure, particularly roads and airports, will improve connectivity. Additionally, investments in energy infrastructure, such as hydropower, will contribute to fulfilling the country’s energy needs. By addressing these areas and implementing a well-rounded roadmap, Nepal can pave the way for sustained economic growth, resilience, and prosperity. Short-term measures In the short term, Nepal should prioritize swift action to address the immediate concerns posed by the pandemic. The government should focus on the following steps: Health sector: Investing in the health sector is crucial to enhance the country’s capacity to respond to pandemics. Providing healthcare professionals with personal protective equipment (PPE) and increasing hospital capacity to treat Covid-19 patients are essential initiatives to ensure effective healthcare delivery during such crises. Social protection: Introducing social protection programs is vital to support low-income households and individuals who have lost their jobs during economic downturns. Measures like cash transfers and food assistance can provide immediate relief and mitigate the impact of the crisis on vulnerable populations. Tax relief: Offering tax relief to businesses severely affected by the pandemic is important. Deferring tax payments and providing tax credits to enterprises that have experienced financial losses can alleviate their financial burdens and help them navigate through challenging times. Financial assistance: Providing financial support, such as low-interest loans and grants, to businesses facing financial difficulties due to the pandemic is crucial. This assistance can help them overcome immediate cash flow problems and sustain their operations during the crisis. By taking prompt action in these areas, Nepal can address the immediate challenges brought about by the pandemic and provide support to its healthcare system, vulnerable populations, and businesses in need. Medium-term measures In the medium term, Nepal should prioritize actions to facilitate economic recovery and build resilience. The government should consider the following steps: Infrastructure development: Investing in infrastructure, particularly transportation and energy infrastructure, will contribute to economic growth and improved connectivity. Developing and improving roads, airports, and energy networks will enhance accessibility and attract investment in various sectors. Tourism development: Focusing on sustainable tourism practices, including the development of infrastructure and public-private partnerships, will stimulate tourism growth and create job opportunities. Emphasizing ecotourism and community-based tourism will help protect natural and cultural assets while promoting economic benefits for local communities. Development of SMEs and startups: Continued support through financial and technical assistance for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and startups is essential. Streamlining regulatory processes and enhancing access to capital will facilitate their growth and enable them to contribute to job creation and economic development. Education and skill development: Increasing investments in education, particularly in technical and vocational education and training (TVET), will equip the younger generation with the necessary skills for the modern economy. Promoting entrepreneurship education will inspire and empower young people to become entrepreneurs and create their own businesses, fostering innovation and economic growth. By prioritizing these actions in the medium term, Nepal can lay the foundation for sustainable economic recovery, resilience, and the creation of new opportunities for its population. Long-term measures In the foreseeable future, Nepal should prioritize long-term economic growth and prosperity by considering the following steps: Economic diversification: Encouraging economic diversification by promoting sectors such as information technology, renewable energy, and manufacturing will reduce reliance on traditional industries. This diversification will not only create new job opportunities but also drive long-term economic growth. Good governance: Emphasizing good governance practices is crucial for creating a business-friendly and transparent environment. By tackling corruption, reducing bureaucratic regulations, and increasing transparency, Nepal can attract foreign investment and foster economic growth. Trade expansion: Expanding trade connections with other nations through negotiation and implementation of trade agreements can enhance export opportunities and attract foreign investment. Increased trade activity will result in job creation and stimulate economic growth. In summary, Nepal’s path to economic success in the post-Covid-19 era requires a comprehensive strategy that encompasses immediate measures to address the pandemic’s impact, medium-term plans to promote recovery and resilience, and long-term actions for sustainable growth.  By diversifying the economy, developing sustainable tourism, supporting SMEs and startups, investing in education and infrastructure, and promoting good governance, Nepal can unlock its potential, attract investments, and build a resilient economy that ensures a brighter future for its citizens.