World Cancer Day was observed on Feb 4 and ApEx interviewed three esteemed doctors specializing in cancer treatment to gain a deeper understanding of the fight against this disease. They shared their insights on cancer prevention, treatment advancements, and the misconception in Nepal. Their expertise sheds light on the evolving landscape of cancer care and the critical steps we can take to reduce cancer risk and improve outcomes.

Dr Anu Bajracharya, Sr consultant gynaecologist

Many people have the misconception that cancer will spread after biopsy and that cancer cannot be cured in Nepal. A few women have denied treatment once they find out that they have cancer. Recent advancements in research and innovation have significantly enhanced the detection and treatment of gynecological cancer. About 99.7 percent of cervical cancer cases are caused by persistent genital high risk oncogenic Human Papillomavirus (HPV). Lifestyle changes can help reduce the risk of cancer. Our government has recently started providing free HPV vaccination to girls upto 15 years old which is the milestone for preventing cervical cancer. They need to subsidize cancer treatment, reduce the cost of chemotherapy and increase funding and insurance schemes. Treatment centers need to be established not only in urban areas but also in rural areas. Mental health support is also crucial for cancer patients as the emotional and psychological toll of cancer diagnosis can be overwhelming and treatment often brings physical, mental and financial stress. 

Dr Bijesh Raj Ghimire, Sr consultant medical oncologist

One of the most common misconceptions people have about cancer is the belief that there is no cure and that recovery is impossible. In Nepal, a lot of people aren’t even aware that cancer can be treated in the country. There are trust issues and a lack of knowledge that contribute to this misunderstanding. The good news, however, is that ongoing research is leading to new discoveries and interventions for treating cancer. Advances in surgery and medical treatments are offering hope, chemotherapy, too, has evolved, and various therapy options are now available. 

Prevention is crucial, and there are two main factors that we can control: tobacco use and maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Additionally, regular screenings and health checks can help catch potential issues early on, increasing the chances of successful treatment. A world free of tobacco would significantly reduce cancer rates—if tobacco use were eliminated, many cancers could be prevented altogether. I think the government must look into expanding insurance options for patients to help alleviate the financial burden of cancer treatment. The government should also work to expand cancer care in Nepal by building new hospitals and medical centers, and ensuring that doctors specializing in cancer care are available in medical colleges. 

Dr Sudip Shrestha, Sr consultant medical oncologist

In Nepal, there’s a lack of awareness about early cancer detection and treatment. Many people believe they must seek care abroad. Social media influencers often promote herbal remedies as cures, misleading people and potentially causing harm. This dangerous trend is growing, diverting attention from effective, proven treatments. Many people also think a biopsy is something that worsens or spreads cancer and is dangerous. Many studies are being conducted worldwide on cancer treatment, and whenever new methods or breakthroughs emerge, Nepal adopts them and achieves success in implementing them. 

Changing our lifestyle can reduce cancer risk by upto 50 percent. This includes cutting back on processed foods, red meats, and trendy cooking methods like roasting or barbecuing. Regular exercise, healthy eating, good environment and getting vaccinated on time also play a key role. The government’s initiative to provide financial support for cancer patients, with a focus on insurance, is good. However, if they could extend awareness campaigns and treatment options to every district and village in Nepal, it would be a significant step in reducing the number of cancer cases and improving early detection and care.