Nepali diaspora and NRNA citizenship

The concept of Non-Resident Nepali (NRNA) citizenship has sparked mixed reactions in Nepal. Some view it as a significant step toward recognizing the contributions of the Nepali diaspora, while others dismiss it as largely symbolic. Since its inception in Nepal as a concept, there has been confusion and ambiguity surrounding the practical implications of this citizenship. With over 7.5m Nepali nationals living abroad, the diaspora has become an important force in the national economic, cultural and diplomatic landscape. As Nepal’s global presence continues to grow, the idea of NRNA Citizenship is gaining importance, both to strengthen Nepal’s ties with its global community and to acknowledge the vital role of Nepali nationals living overseas.

The diaspora contributes in multiple ways to national development—through remittances, investments, trade and cultural exchanges, and international reputation. Many NRNs also act as cultural ambassadors, promoting Nepali values and traditions around the world. The introduction of NRNA citizenship aims to formalize this relationship by ensuring NRNs’ increased and significant involvement in Nepal’s political, diplomatic and economic processes. By offering NRNs the right to vote in presidential and parliamentary elections, the citizenship provision seeks to ensure that the global Nepali community has a direct voice in shaping the country’s future. This, in turn, would help foster a stronger sense of national identity and civic responsibility among Nepalis abroad.

Granting NRNs the right to invest and own property in Nepal could have both positive and negative implications. On the one hand, NRNs could contribute significantly to Nepal’s economic development by injecting capital, creating jobs, and facilitating trade, while on the other, wealthier NRNs, particularly those from economically advanced countries, could dominate the real estate and business sectors. This could drive up property prices and create economic imbalances between Nepalis living abroad and those residing in Nepal. The influx of foreign capital could distort local markets and exacerbate wealthy disparities, further entrenching inequality in the country.

While remittances remain a crucial source of income for many families in Nepal, there are concerns that an over-reliance on NRNs for investment could limit the country’s economic diversification. Nepal might become increasingly dependent on its diaspora for financial support, making it vulnerable to external economic fluctuations. A downturn in the global economy or a decrease in remittance inflows could negatively impact Nepal’s economic stability, especially if the country has not developed other robust sources of revenue. Moreover, as NRNs gain more economic influence, the gap between the wealthy diaspora and the average Nepali citizen could widen, potentially leading to social tensions.

NRNA citizenship could also lead to political manipulation. If NRNs are granted voting rights, there is a risk that political parties in Nepal might attempt to influence the diaspora to secure electoral support. This could distort the democratic process, especially in a country with a history of political instability and external influence. Politicians could try to sway NRNs to vote in ways that benefit their political agendas, which could undermine the integrity of Nepal’s elections. Furthermore, nationalist groups in Nepal may oppose the idea of granting voting rights to NRNs, arguing that individuals who do not live in Nepal should not have a say in the country’s political decisions. This could create tensions between those living abroad and those residing in Nepal, especially if NRNs are perceived as receiving special privileges without contributing equally to the country’s development.

NRNA citizenship could also cause diplomatic complications. Many countries, including India, Saudi Arabia, and the United States, do not recognize dual citizenship. For NRNs living in these countries, attempting to hold Nepali citizenship while retaining their foreign nationality could create legal challenges. These NRNs may face difficulties navigating the conflicting requirements of their host countries and Nepal. For example, they could risk losing their legal status in countries that do not permit dual nationality. These diplomatic complexities will require careful negotiation between Nepal and the host countries of its diaspora to ensure that NRNA citizenship does not lead to strained relations or legal complications for NRNs.

NRNA citizenship presents a unique opportunity for Nepal to strengthen its relationship with its vast diaspora. By granting legal status, voting rights and business opportunities to NRNs, Nepal could benefit from the resources and expertise of millions of Nepali nationals living abroad. NRNA citizenship could also help enhance Nepal’s international standing, improve foreign relations and stimulate economic development. However, these benefits must be carefully balanced against the risks associated with dual citizenship, national security concerns, economic inequality and political manipulation.

To make NRNA citizenship successful, they will need to approach its implementation with thoughtful planning and inclusive dialogue. Constitutional amendments to allow dual citizenship must be pursued, but they must take into account the potential risks of divided loyalties and national security. Additionally, diplomatic discussions with countries that do not recognize dual nationality will be essential to ensure that Nepal does not jeopardize its relations with these nations. Moreover, Nepal must work to mitigate the potential for social and political divisions between NRNs and those living in Nepal, ensuring that NRNA citizenship does not create new sources of tension or resentment.

If managed effectively, NRNA citizenship could become a powerful tool for bridging the gap between Nepal and its global community. The focus should be on encouraging the diaspora to align with the expectations of the Nepali state through constitutional provisions, not on purely technical issues. Alongside citizenship, the additional rights that the NRNA community seeks should be addressed through continuous discussion and debate, ensuring that all perspectives are considered collaboratively.