Mustang apple farmers rely on innovation to overcome climate change challenges

Mustang: In recent years, global reports have highlighted the immense impact of climate change on snowy regions. The Himalayan district of Mustang has been a focal point of this concern. Mustang is globally renowned for its tourism attractions, such as Muktinath and the Annapurna Circuit Trek, as well as its apple farming industry. Marfa’s apple farm, in particular, is famous throughout Nepal. Local stakeholders report that Mustang produces tons of apples annually, selling them to tourists both retail and wholesale. The demand for apples has increased in recent years, prompting the production of various apple-based beverages, such as brandy, wine, juice, and jam. This diversification has transformed farmers into entrepreneurs, with over a dozen apple industries now operating in the area.

However, diminishing snowfall, crucial for apple growth, has become a significant concern. Climate change has led to reduced snowfall, threatening apple production in terms of both quantity and quality. Despite these challenges, locals have remained resilient, applying scientific solutions to offset the lack of snow. Their dedication and hard work have enabled them to overcome the adverse effects of climate change on apple farming.

Local entrepreneurs attribute their success to innovative agricultural methods and the versatile use of apples in various products. We spoke to some of Mustang's experienced apple entrepreneurs about their experiences and strategies in recent years.

‘We overcome challenges through innovation’  

Deepak Lalchan, Apple Farmer, Marfa, Mustang

I have 3,500 apple trees in Marfa, producing 25 tons of apples annually. With over fifteen years of experience, I believe dedication is key to overcoming the challenges posed by climate change. The diminished snowfall in Mustang initially caused many farmers to lose hope. However, I sought expert advice and replaced the natural snowfall with scientific alternatives. This innovation has increased our apple quantity, though the taste is slightly less sweet. I now invest 1,000 rupees per apple plant, with 300 plants currently in my farm.

‘We mobilize women and create opportunities’ 

Kamala Lalchan Adhikari, Apple Farmer, Marfa, Mustang

When an unknown disease attacked our apple plants, I was initially disheartened and uncertain about continuing. For almost two years, our efforts and investments were wasted due to insect infestations and inadequate snowfall. However, we eventually adopted scientific methods to replace snow, increasing our apple yield despite a slight decline in quality. This success inspired us to establish local industries and cooperatives, mobilizing local women and creating new economic opportunities.

‘Apple farming is the identity of Mustang’ 

Surendra Hirachan, Apple Farmer, Mustang

For nearly 50 years, I have been producing apples. In the past, we relied entirely on snowfall. Recent years have required extra attention due to reduced snowfall, but I remain committed to my work. Farming is not only a major livelihood source but also a cultural and social identity for Mustang locals. While some have abandoned apple farming due to natural calamities, most continue, driven by love and respect for their traditional livelihood.

‘We are determined to protect our apple farms’  

Indra Prasad Thakali, Social Worker, Chimang Village, Mustang

Mustang’s dedication to apple farming has made it a significant employer for people from other districts. Mustang residents are deeply committed to their work and their indigenous business. Additionally, there is no shortage of workers. After the large-scale earthquake a decade ago, many from affected districts sought employment in Mustang. Most found work in apple farms, potato fields, and buckwheat fields. The apple industry is crucial to our living standards, and we are determined to protect it at any cost.