The final agreement on a long-term electricity trade deal between Nepal and India could be realized within this fiscal year. According to Energy Ministry officials, preparations are being made to sign the final agreement within Ashad (mid-July). The draft of the final agreement on long-term electricity trade between Nepal and India has also reached the Indian cabinet. Once the agreement is endorsed by the Indian cabinet, the final agreement on long-term electricity trade between India and Nepal will be signed, according to Energy Ministry officials. “Once the draft is endorsed by the Indian cabinet, the final agreement will be signed,” said Madhu Bhetuwal, spokesperson at the Energy Ministry. “The final draft has already been approved by our cabinet.”

Nepal and India were supposed to sign the final agreement in the third week of June in New Delhi. While Energy Secretary Dinesh Kumar Ghimire did travel to New Delhi, the signing did not take place. Energy Ministry officials said the final deal signing was delayed as Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi was busy on an abroad visit.

The signing of the agreement, according to the Energy Ministry will most probably take place in Kathmandu. Energy Secretary Ghimire and his Indian counterpart Alok Kumar will sign the final agreement. Nepal and India had signed an initial agreement between Nepal and India at the energy secretary level on June 2 in New Delhi. During Prime Minister Pushpa Kamal Dahal’s India visit, the southern neighbor agreed to buy 10,000 MW of electricity from Nepal in the next 10 years. Nepal has been requesting the southern neighbor for a long-term power trade deal arguing that an inter-government agreement would lock in the market and end the unpredictability of the Indian market’s availability for electricity from Nepal in the long run. According to Bhetuwal, the agreement is an umbrella agreement that will pave the way for power trading agencies in Nepal and India such as Nepal Electricity Authority and NTPC Vidyut Vyapar Nigam Limited (NVVN) to enter into a long-term power purchase agreement (PPA).  The NEA and NVVN will sign a separate agreement for commercial deals. The long-term power deal has become of paramount importance for Nepal with the country's electricity generation capacity gradually increasing. If the market for Nepali electricity is not ensured, the country faces the risk of electricity spillage every year, especially during the wet season.  In the rainy season last year, the country’s electricity spillage reached as high as 800 MW during the festive period in October and November. The country’s generation capacity has already reached nearly 2,700 MW which requires more exports to India to avoid spillage in the rainy season when power plants start generating power at their full capacity. According to NEA Executive Director Kulman Ghising, the country is expected to produce surplus energy of 1,000 MW in this wet season. The country’s power generation capacity is rising along with the completion of one after another power projects. The country’s power generation capacity is expected to rise to 2,853 MW by the end of the current fiscal year, according to NEA. The projected peak domestic demand for power in the current fiscal year is 2,036 MW. By the end of the next fiscal year 2023/24, the country’s electricity generation capacity is expected to rise further to 4,507 MW and to 5,251 MW by the end of fiscal 2024/25. Nepal exported power worth over Rs 11bn in the last wet season.