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Our body cells need minerals in the form of crucial food to meet a medley of functions, from forging materials for our bones, muscles, heart, and brain to making enzymes and hormones and to other biologically active tasks such as maintaining the body's acid-base equilibrium, the body pH to neutral, nerve impulse transmission, and muscle contraction. 

The seven vital minerals, or macro-minerals, include calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, and sulfur. Other minerals, known as trace minerals (required in smaller quantities), also serve as backups, including iron, manganese, copper, iodine, zinc, cobalt, fluoride, and selenium. 

Among the seven vital macro-minerals, most people naturally meet their adequate daily potassium requirement through a variety of foods. Potassium is an electrolyte that helps regulate blood and fluid levels. It further supports the proper functioning of the kidneys, heart, muscles, and nervous system.

Potassium and sodium are like two sides of the same coin since they work hand in hand. Potassium plays a significant role in the body by helping to maintain normal fluid levels both within and outside cells. Furthermore, potassium helps muscles contract and regulates blood pressure to normal levels. 

The potassium level in your body can drop too low due to a low-potassium diet, immoderate alcohol drinking, and excessive use of laxatives, constipation, dehydration, excessive sweating, fatigue, persistent vomiting, diarrhea, adrenal gland disorders, medication like diuretics or water pills, and certain prescription medicines, including antibiotics. If the potassium level in the blood is low, the condition is called hypokalemia. 

The most common cause of hypokalemia is attributed to substantial potassium loss through urine owing to the use of prescription medication (generally for those who have high blood pressure or heart disease), such as diuretics or water pills, which induce an increase in urination. 

If the level of potassium in the blood drops too low, it can lead to several serious complications. These include cramps, numbness or tingling, diabetic ketoacidosis, chronic kidney disease, abnormal heart rhythms or arrhythmia, and in severe cases, muscle spasms, even paralysis, and possibly respiratory failure. These potential health risks underscore the importance of maintaining a balanced potassium level in your body. For instance, muscle cramps, especially in the legs, are a common symptom of hypokalemia. Numbness or tingling in the hands, feet, or other parts of the body can also indicate a potassium deficiency.

In cases of mild hypokalemia, people typically barely show symptoms. There is nothing to be alarmed about, though. The average blood potassium level should range from 3.6 to 5.2 millimoles per liter (mmol/L). A level below 3.6 mmol/L is considered low and may indicate hypokalemia. A simple blood test, recommended by your healthcare provider, can help determine your body's potassium level. Your doctor may also ask you to take a urine test to determine if you're losing potassium through your pee.

Hypokalemia, or dangerously low potassium levels, can affect your kidneys if left untreated. You may frequently have to visit the bathroom and more often feel thirsty. However, there are loads of potassium-rich foods that can work wonders in mild cases of hypokalemia. By incorporating these foods into your diet, you can take proactive steps to boost your potassium level and maintain your health. 

A recommended daily potassium intake for a healthy adult male is 3,400 mg, and 2,600 mg for females. This daily intake, when met consistently, can significantly contribute to maintaining a healthy potassium level in your body. By understanding and meeting this requirement, you can feel confident in your ability to manage your potassium intake and maintain your health.

If you’re committed to maintaining a balanced diet rich in potassium, the following foods can be your allies in this journey. The good news is that your body absorbs approximately 85 percent–90 percent of the potassium from your diet, allowing you to take control of your potassium intake and remedy any deficiency.

The recommended potassium-rich foods: 

• Fruits like dried apricots, raisins, prunes, oranges, bananas, avocados, and apples 
• Vegetables, such as squash, potatoes, spinach, tomatoes, kale, silver beet, acorn, broccoli, zucchini, eggplant, carrots, sweet potatoes, and pumpkin
• Lentils include kidney beans, soybeans, walnuts, peanuts, and almonds
• Dairy products like milk, yogurt, and cream
• Meat—chicken and fish

The following juices are high in potassium: passion fruit juice, carrot juice, pomegranate juice, orange juice, prune juice, tomato juice, and vegetable juice. Even tea and coffee contain potassium.

Potassium, a macromineral, is essential for maintaining good health. It plays a crucial role in safeguarding kidney health, cardiovascular health, bone and muscle health, normal cell functioning, proper muscle and nerve mobility, protein synthesis, and carbohydrate metabolism. For instance, it helps regulate blood pressure, supports muscle function, and aids in the transmission of nerve impulses. Maintaining a healthy potassium level is therefore vital for overall health and well-being.

Before you consider taking any potassium supplements, it's crucial to consult your doctor. Excessive potassium intake can lead to hyperkalemia, a condition where there's too much potassium in your body. Remember, 'Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food.' This oft-quoted phrase, spoken by the father of modern medicine, Hippocrates, the ancient Greek physician, around 400 BC, has never been more relevant. It serves as a reminder to be cautious and responsible when it comes to your health.

Disclaimer: The views expressed in the above text are solely research-based, not medical advice; the author solicits reader discretion and cross-references or consultations with a healthcare practitioner for further substantiation. 

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Shilajit, a Sanskrit word, if translated, refers to the conqueror of the mountains and the destroyer of weakness. It is a sticky, tar-like, rocky exudate, a natural byproduct of humus and decomposed plant remains found at high altitudes in the Himalayas, reaching up to 10,000 feet. Some experts also refer to it as a plant fossil—an intriguing aspect of bio-science. 

Shilajit, a dietary supplement with a rich historical background dating back to the Bronze Age, has been a trusted part of traditional medicine for centuries. This natural, rocky exudate, known as Shilajit, is also referred to as Mimi or Mummiyo. It is called asphaltum, black bitumen, or mineral pitch in the West. The unique mountain resin is a safe and potent source of 84 minerals, including copper, silver, zinc, iron, and lead. Its active compound, fulvic acid, has been associated with numerous health benefits, carrying forward the legacy of our ancestors. 

Shilajit has played a significant role in myriad medications, including stress and anxiety, piles, anemia, kidney stones, urinary disorders, epilepsy, skin diseases, and thyroid glands. According to the Ayurvedic scripture, shilajit is a ‘Rasayana’, a term that refers to a rejuvenating substance that fights diseases and promotes overall wellness and longevity. 

Shilajit, a natural multi-mineral originating in India, is also used in Siddha, Ayurveda, and Tibetan medicine regimen. It is extracted from high mountain rocks, primarily found in the Himalayas, as well as in Russia, Tibet, Norway, Bhutan, Nepal, Afghanistan, China, and Pakistan. When purchasing Shilajit, it’s essential to ensure it comes from a reputable source to guarantee its authenticity and quality. 

Shilajit supplements are widely available from various sources, including online shops, Ayurveda pharmacies, drugstores, and health food stores. They may come in different forms, such as powder, extract, resin, or capsules, offering you a variety of options to suit your preferences and needs. 

Each form has its own benefits and usage instructions. It’s essential to note that the quality and safety of Shilajit can vary depending on its source. Therefore, it’s crucial to choose products from reputable sources that adhere to strict quality control measures to ensure the purity and safety of their products. 

Some of the top picks include Pure Shilajit Organic Himalayan Resin, Essencraft Pure Himalayan Shilajit Supplement, Sennasi Organic Pure Himalayan Shilajit Supplement, Rasaynam, and Hima Pure Himalayan Shilajit Resin.  

Widely used today worldwide, Shilajit offers a range of potent health benefits worth exploring.

May enhance testosterone

A sex hormone, testosterone, takes a high seat in men's health.  Testosterone deficiency, besides low sex drive (libido), may lead to other symptoms like loss of muscle mass, hair loss, body fat gain, and fatigue. According to Healthline’s website, a clinical study on male volunteers found that Shilajit was effective. In a clinical study of male volunteers aged 45-55, half received a placebo and the other half a 250 milligram (mg) dose of purified shilajit twice daily. The study conducted over three months deduced that participants taking purified shilajit had a remarkably higher testosterone level in contrast to those under placebo.

There is more. Rich in minerals, regular intake of the recommended dose of shilajit may also enhance vigor, agility, and endurance and work as a potent aphrodisiac.

May slow down Alzheimer’s disease

Some researchers suggest that owing to shilajit’s molecular composition it may help slow the progression of Alzheimer’s or even avert it—a type of age-related mental disorder or dementia that affects memory, thinking, behavior, and social abilities. Shilajit, rich in a potent antioxidant called fulvic acid, is purported to enhance cognitive health, potentially offering a ray of hope in the fight against Alzheimer’s.

In further studies, experts found the abnormal tau protein buildup as the main culprit behind brain cell damage, ultimately leading to Alzheimer’s. Shilajit, rich in fulvic acid, may help prevent the buildup of tau protein, reduce inflammation, and act as a retardant in the progression of brain cell damage.  

However, experts note that further research and clinical trials are necessary to assess the role of fulvic acid fully. 

Contains anti-inflammatory antioxidant properties

Researchers suggest that shilajit functions as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent, strengthening the immune system through its fulvic acid content. It may help curb or allay chronic inflammatory disorders such as allergies, asthma, eczema, and even diabetes, as high sugar levels trigger the body’s inflammatory response. Due to its high mineral content, it also helps lower oxidative stress.

May strengthen bone and stamina

Collagen is the most abundant body protein, accounting for 30 percent of the body’s protein. It provides support, framework, and power to muscles, bones, tendons, and connective tissues and repairs and restores them. Regular intake of shilajit may promote collagen production, potentially benefiting athletes and fitness enthusiasts. Shilajit showed positive results in boosting physical performance and alleviating fatigue, as it helps produce enhanced adenosine triphosphate.

Good for the heart and diabetes

Rich in antioxidant properties and chock-full of minerals, including fulvic and humic acids, as well as adaptogenic compounds, shilajit enhances the health of body cells and reduces cholesterol levels; experts believe it may lower the risk of heart disease and maintain a healthy lipid profile. Furthermore, science-backed studies have shown that regular intake of the recommended dose of Shilajit helps boost insulin sensitivity and maintain glucose metabolism, the two primary factors that regulate and stabilize blood sugar levels. Owing to its high mineral content, Shilajit helps the body use insulin more effectively and regulate blood sugar levels. 

For being mineral-rich, containing over 80 essential minerals, and loaded with fulvic acid, humic acid, and other organic compounds, these components give shilajit abundant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and adaptogenic properties, making it a promising ingredient for managing diabetes and maintaining a stable glycemic level.

Dosage

Clinically, a dose of 300-500 mg once daily is considered safe and effective for healthy individuals. However, it’s essential to note that the appropriate dosage may vary depending on factors such as age, health condition, and the form of Shilajit used. Rest assured, following the instructions on the product bottle and purchasing Shilajit from a reputable source will ensure you get the most for your money and health.

While Shilajit is a natural dietary supplement with potential health benefits, it's essential to remember that it remains a supplement. To ensure your safety and the best possible health benefits of Shilajit, you should consult your healthcare provider or an Ayurved healthcare expert before starting it. Their guidance can help you navigate potential drug interactions and side effects, ensuring your journey with Shilajit is safe and beneficial.

Is Shilajit safe?

Today, Shilajit is making waves in the US due to its numerous purported health benefits. Research into the efficacy of these health claims is ongoing, and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has yet to approve Shilajit due to a lack of adequate research and studies.

Regarding safety, shilajit is usually considered safe for most people when taken in recommended doses. Some science-backed evidence suggests that shilajit is safe and well-sustained, and most people have benefitted from its intake, even when taken long-term, with hardly any adverse reactions.  

Suppose you plan to take shilajit as a supplement. In that case, it is wise to consult an Ayurveda healthcare professional or your healthcare provider who can advise you about potential drug interactions to get the best results. Don't take shilajit to treat a health condition or to replace a prescription drug without consulting a healthcare provider.

Caveat: Intake of shilajit is usually considered safe for most people when taken in recommended doses. However, some people may experience potential side effects, such as bloating, upset stomach, diarrhea, and allergic skin reactions, including rashes, hives, and itching. Further, pregnant or breastfeeding mothers are advised not to take shilajit.

Disclaimer: The views expressed in the above text are solely research-based and intended for informative and educational purposes only: the author solicits reader discretion and cross-references or consulting a healthcare practitioner before incorporating it as a supplement.

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Yes, it is back with a vengeance. MSG has sparked a comeback, weathering the storm. After enduring an undeserved bad rap for over five long decades as an unhealthy food additive that made you sick, it looks like it has finally resurrected itself. So, what’s MSG?

MSG, or monosodium glutamate, is a food enhancer additive produced by fermenting plant-based ingredients such as sugar cane, sugar beets, tapioca, cassava, or corn.

During the fermentation process, the protein containing glutamic acid turns into glutamate. This glutamate triggers our taste receptors, resulting in that quintessential savory taste called umami. You won’t believe it: a mother’s breast milk contains amino acid molecules—not just one but all nine essential amino acids! In addition to proteins, human milk contains free amino acids, glutamate, and glutamine, which are the most abundant.

Created in Japan by Ajinomoto Co Inc in 1908, MSG took the culinary world by storm for its inimitable umami kick, enhancing endless delectable dishes. MSG was the brainchild of a Japanese scientist, Professor Kikunae Ikeda. Over the past century, Oriental cuisine has used the wonder flavor enhancer for its umami zing.

MSG, a flavor enhancer, is frequently added to restaurant dishes, canned vegetables, soups, deli meats, and fried chicken to enhance their flavors. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has classified MSG as a food ingredient ‘generally recognized as safe’. However, the issue still faces a barrage of debates.

Ironically, in the late 1960s, MSG came on a hit list for allegedly being a toxic inclusion to a horde of favorite foods, from Chinese takeouts to soups and salad dressings, not sparing even the most cherished snack like French fries. It looked like the flavor enhancer used for centuries was doomed. MSG became so heavily stigmatized that scores of restaurants resorted to pitching that they’d removed it from their entire menu.

Next followed the ‘Chinese Restaurant Syndrome’ panic, fueling the fire. It demonized MSG as dangerous to humans, and evidently, Chinese dishes had to bear the brunt. The syndrome claimed that MSG causes ‘numbness of the neck, arms, and back with headache, dizziness, and palpitations’. However, further investigations uncovered it as a hoax, but the myth remained; the fallacious hype had already done the damage; the bullet had already left the barrel. People remained uncertain and suspicious. However, with this knowledge, righteous people felt informed and enlightened, understanding the truth about MSG.

Today, most of those myths and adverse anecdotal reports about MSG stand dispelled, and the US FDA and global food-regulating bodies like the Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) have pronounced MSG ‘generally recognized as safe’. This reassurance should instill confidence in your food choices. Even fast-food chains like McDonald’s, Chick-fil-A, and KFC use MSG to season their hot-selling items, such as fried chicken, chicken nuggets, chicken sandwiches, and French fries.

MSG’s flavor-enriching effects are due to its umami taste, which induces salivary secretion. In other words, umami flavors make your mouth water, making the food taste better.

The bottom line

MSG is a flavor-enhancing seasoning that naturally occurs in many protein-rich foods, such as poultry, meat, cheese, fresh or hydrolyzed vegetable protein, and soy extracts.

‘The reality? You’re consuming far more glutamate from proteins than you ever could in added MSG. An average adult consumes approximately 13 grams of glutamate daily from protein in foods. In comparison, consumption of added MSG comes to about 0.55 grams per day,” writes Dr Andrea Love for the Genetic Literacy Project, an immunologist and microbiologist with over a decade of experience in basic sciences, translational medicine, and clinical research.

Further, “While 1 teaspoon of MSG contains 500 mg of sodium, 1 teaspoon of salt contains 2300 mg,” Kelsy Arndt, a credited dietician, said. “Using MSG can help decrease the total amount of sodium intake in our diet, which should be between 1,500 to 2,000 mg per day. And it can help aid in improving the overall nutritional status of the elderly.” (Source: bannerhealth.com).

Despite its past misplaced notoriety, current studies and evidence have debunked the myth that MSG is toxic. You can now feel secure and at ease, knowing that moderation is the key when enjoying food flavored with MSG. Remember, the US FDA and global food-regulating bodies like the Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) have pronounced MSG ‘generally recognized as safe’. This knowledge empowers you to make informed and enjoyable food choices.

Those allergic to MSG may well avoid foods seasoned with the flavor enhancer. Some people may experience adverse effects from consuming MSG due to a condition called MSG symptom complex (MSC), which can cause symptoms such as headache, sweating, and numbness. However, it's estimated to affect people only skin-deep—less than one percent of the general population.

For those who love their food, remember that the small amounts of MSG in your favorite Chick-fil-A’s spicy chicken sandwich and waffle fries or a bowl of Chinese chicken noodle soup are safe. So, relish your meal, knowing that these popular dishes are not only toothsome but safe to consume. Bon appétit!

Disclaimer: The views expressed in the above text are solely research-based and intended for informative and educational purposes only: the author solicits reader discretion and cross-references or consulting a healthcare practitioner.

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If you are a neophyte, at first glance, Tibetan singing bowls look no more than plain bowls you use to store food or even eat things like your morning cereals or soups at dinner.

Tibetan singing bowls, also known as Himalayan Singing Bowls, are not just commonplace. Crafted from pure copper, they resonate like the sacred bells in temples. Their unique blend symbolizes the divine seven Chakras, the energy cores in our body. These Chakras, each associated with specific physical, mental, and spiritual aspects, are believed to be balanced by the sound and vibrations of the bowls. The composition of the bowls and spiritual beliefs has it, resonates with and balances these energy centers, promoting holistic well-being. 

The unique composition of these bowls supposedly channels perceptive energy to nurture your bodily organs, mind, and intellect. Tibetan singing bowls come in various sizes. The smaller the bowls, the higher the pitch; more giant bowls produce low-pitch bass notes. There are nine kinds of bowls, each with their unique shape, size, and sound: Thadobati, Jambati, Manipuri, Mani, Lingam, Pedestal/Naga, Trapezoid, and Ultabati. These bowls, for good measure, are also available in crystal ware, producing better unbroken and sustained sound and vibrations. 

How to make a Tibetan singing bowl sing

The singing bowls available in the many antique shops are either hand-hammered or others that are machine-made. Some hand-hammered bowls also carry the compassion mantra, Om Mani Padme Hum, in Tibetan script.  In truth, no two bowls emit the same sound as you might expect. The difference between the hand-hammered and machine-made bowls is the slightly different notes, with the hand-hammered throwing a more resonant pitch. 

Next, place the bowls flat on cotton mats or donut mats woven from straw. You can also use them by placing the bowl in the center of your palm, straightening your hand out, facing upwards. You are not supposed to touch the sides of the bowl with your fingers while playing.

Playing a Tibetan singing bowl is a specific process, a unique ritual that connects you with the instrument and its healing powers. First, place the bowl flat on a cotton or straw mat. Then, hold the wooden mallet, with one end wrapped in leather, suede, or felt (the male end) and the other plain timber (the female end). Gently strike the side of the bowl, then firmly press the mallet against the outward rim of the bowl and move it in a circular motion. This process, when done correctly, produces a continuous, soothing sound. 

As you rotate the mallet around the bowl's rim, a unique, soothing, bright, clear tone fills the air, accompanied by perceptible vibrations and resonance. The friction between the mallet and the bowl’s rim creates a rich and soothing timbre that is truly one-of-a-kind, inducing a sense of calm and tranquility.

Singing bowls emit sound frequencies between 110 Hz and 900 Hz, with variations based on the bowls’ size, weight, and composition.

These bowls are played in an inverted position, with the face upwards, so they are also called standing bells, unlike the conventional bells in temples.  

History of Tibetan singing bowls

Shrouded in the wisdom of antiquity, Tibetan Singing Bowls have served as a gateway to spiritual awakening and healing for time immemorial. Their history, dating back to the era of Buddha Shakyamuni (560–480 BC), adds a layer of mystique and reverence to these sacred instruments, connecting us to a rich cultural heritage. According to Buddhist legends, the great tantric mystic Padmasambhava, or the Guru Rimpoche, one of the founding fathers of Tibetan Buddhism, brought the bowls from India to Tibet, along with Buddhist teachings, in the 8th century AD. These bowls have been integral to Tibetan and Himalayan culture and used in religious ceremonies, meditation, and healing practices. 

However, the true origin of the Tibetan singing bowl remains an enigma, adding to its allure and fascination. Some theories suggest that, despite their Tibetan name, these bowls originated in Mesopotamia (modern-day Syria) over 5,000 years ago before finding their way to Tibet, Nepal, and India. 

The speculation about the roots of those singing bowls does not end here. Some researchers argue that they originated in the Himalayas of Nepal and India before fanning out to countries like Tibet, China, Japan, Vietnam, and even America. The craftsmanship of the bowls reflects the culture and tradition of the land to which they belong, signifying different spiritual values.

Discover the healing powers of Tibetan Singing Bowls. These ancient instruments are cultural artifacts and tools for sound therapy, offering a unique way to alleviate stress and promote relaxation. 

We know about prescription medication (allopathic medicine), Ayurveda healing, therapeutic healing, and homeopathic treatment. However, in addition to these conventional practices, healing with sound therapy and vibrations has become a norm today in therapy technology. It's also called vibroacoustic sound therapy, which uses audible sound vibrations to alleviate stress and anxiety, enhance relaxation, and improve health.  

Surprisingly, even science today backs the efficacy of sound healing through Tibetan singing bowls. The sounds the singing bowls produce are said to create a kind of energy that may align the frequencies of the body, mind, and soul. This scientific validation adds a layer of credibility to the ancient practice, reassuring those who may be skeptical. 

The therapeutic benefits of Tibetan Singing Bowls are not mere folklore. The sound waves they emit harmonize with the body's vibrations, inducing a profound sense of relaxation and inner peace. This unique process aids in reducing stress, a significant factor in elevated blood pressure, heart rate, and blood sugar levels, offering hope for those seeking natural healing methods. 

It would help if you were enthusiastic and always cheerful to maintain a healthy life and stick to a nutritious diet. Scientific studies suggest that poor mood and elevated anxiety lead to increased incidence of disease. Tibetan singing bowl meditation has also come in handy in this issue. It has also shown that it helps reduce negativity and boost positivity.  

Listed below are the health benefits of listening to the ethereal note of the Tibetan singing bowl:

*Relieves stress (low self-esteem, worries, fear, anger, anxiety, and depression)

*Maintains a stable blood pressure level

*Enhances sleep (cuts down on insomnia)

*Energizes the immune system

*Improved concentration

*Relieves chronic pain 

*Synchronizes inner harmony 

*Stimulates your alpha and theta waves

The Tibetan singing bowl therapy

Often used, the Tibetan singing bowls also serve as tools for healing in sound therapy and guided meditation sessions. These sessions involve strategically placing bowls of various sizes around the room or on your body. A healing practitioner, often a meditation guru or a sound therapist, then performs the therapy by playing the bowls to produce a variety of notes. The practitioner’s role is to create a harmonious and healing environment through the sounds and vibrations of the bowls. 

Caveat: Regarding such therapy, certain people should avoid it, such as: 

*Individuals who have epilepsy.

*Those who carry metal implants or devices in their body like a pacemaker, artificial heart valves, coronary shunt, or metal pins. 

The bottom line: We have five basic senses: sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch, which all make our lives meaningful. In truth, what we experience through those senses is life, offering nourishment like water and food. 

Sound is energy made by vibrations creating movement in surrounding air molecules. These molecules bump into the molecules close to them, causing them to vibrate as well. The resultant sound possesses characteristics that convey emotions in various nuances and subtleties.

History stands firm as a testament to the authenticity of the charismatic Tibetan singing bowls. These bowls have an untold past and, for ages, have been used for spiritual awakening, healing, and transporting us on the emotional and spiritual planes.

Frank Perry, a leading expert in Himalayan singing bowls, a composer, performer, astrologer, artist, and healer, says:

“Listening to the singing bowls of Tibet is like taking a ‘sound- massage’, the sound swells and ebbs away again softly, like the great rhythm of the ocean, conveying the feeling that it is massaging or washing clean the listener’s soul. There is also the sense of a profound spiritual presence living in this world of ringing harmonic overtones.”

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After Syange, the terrain transformed into a rugged beauty, with challenging climbs and narrow roads adorned with rocks and gravel—tricky to navigate. Raju took it in stride, but I had to dismount frequently and push my bike. The elevation gain had begun, and we felt a slight chill in the fresh morning air, a reminder of the breathtaking beauty surrounding us. 

We stopped at Jagat (1,300 meters) to regain our breath and rest briefly. Like other towns, we left behind a row of back-to-back tea shops and lodges flanking the road with tilting, colorful roofs, primarily two-story. We had a cup of tea, some biscuits, and a brief chat with Ghale Gurung, the owner.  

Upon my casual questioning about his business, he shook his head. “Not as it used to be after the road opened. Trekkers prefer traveling by jeep to Chame, the district headquarters of Manang. The teahouses have lost their business by as high as 60 percent, if not more; many have quit,” he said, his frustration echoing the plight of many local businesses affected by modernization. 

A little further, we ran into a group of American hikers taking a break by the roadside. They were hiking back from Manang. One of the guys looked my age, but when I casually asked, I found he was only 65. He looked surprised when I told him my age and that we were doing the Annapurna Circuit on our bicycles.

For the next two hours, we slugged it out on grueling uphills, an isolated gravelly road across forested hills with sheer escarpments that dropped way down to Marshyangdi. But if anything, we were still pedaling across Lamjung, the Manang border a long way away. We were already late for lunch but mighty relieved to see a town in the distance, Chamje 1,430m). 

Well, well, well, what do you know—another colossal waterfall! Fascinated, we gorged on our dal-bhat, peering out the tea-house window, the waterfall across the Marshyangdi, cannoning down a steep hill that looked like 100 meters to me. It was called the Boong Jharna (waterfall). 

Chamje, as the teahouse owner told us, was also a popular haunt for water canyoning adventure sports. As we left, my eyes fell on hedges of flaming crimson poinsettia in full bloom around the small settlement. To add to the appeal, clumps of yellow marigolds appeared scattered around the locale, a vibrant display of the local flora that adds to the village’s charm. 

It took us barely 20 minutes to arrive at the main town of Chamje, a tight cluster of teahouses and hotels on a sharp incline fringing both sides of the road.

Hardly had we left behind the town, an excited Raju hollered out: “Another waterfall!” A small crowd, primarily motorbikers, was gathered at a teahouse next to the waterfall to watch the arresting sight. 

It was called the Octopus waterfall and cascaded down to the roadside in a dramatic multi-pronged configuration that evoked the flailing tentacles of an octopus, thereby dubbed with that name, we figured. This unique natural formation, with its striking resemblance to an octopus, is a testament to the diverse and awe-inspiring landscapes of the Annapurna Circuit. 

Although we ran out of time, we couldn’t resist and hung around for quite some time. “Wow! Lamjung seems brimming with incredible waterfalls,” said Raju, sounding euphoric. Suddenly, it struck us that we did not have all the time in the world, and we hastened to spin; it was already past 3 pm. 

The sun lurked on our shoulders as we left, warning us with each spin that it would get dark soon. The road got rockier and narrower as we huffed it up steep ascents, Tal still dim and distant as far as we could stretch our eyes.

When we sighted Tal (1,700 meters) from a bluff, way up, outstretched along the banks of Marsyangdi, it was a sight for sore eyes. However, the dirt roadway to Manang did not lead through the imposing city across the Marshyangdi. 

Darkness soon crept in after Tal, and the road turned into a mess. Navigating the slush, the road spattered with rocks and debris from the aftermath of the post-monsoon flooding and landslips, over the narrow beam of our bicycle light was anything but tricky, nay dangerous. The road conditions were treacherous, with the constant threat of slipping or hitting a rock, making our progress slow and cautious. 

Then we froze in our tracks. It looked like we had hit an impasse as a frightening water chute fell with a rumble at a curb, surging over the road, inundating it, and crashing down a ravine to our right. 

“Ke garne (what to do)? It looks like we are stuck,” I said, mighty alarmed, and looked at Raju. The pool appeared deep, but we could not figure it out. We could not walk our bikes across either, as the entire road was waterlogged, and it was not wise to wet our only pair of shoes. 

“Uncle, I’ll attempt first to pedal across,” Raju said. I genuinely admired his grit and gumption at such tight corners; he always held on to a forerunner. Over the din of the crashing water, Raju, without a second thought, tore across; I watched with bated breath. Thank heavens, he made it! 

It was my turn, now. It was a moment of truth for me; with my heart in my mouth, I shot at the pool. And I did it, too! Phew! Granted, we had overcome the hurdle but landed with dripping shoes soaked to the socks as the water level almost reached the bike’s mid-tire.

I was past hope about making it to our day's layover at Dharapani but dragged along the pitted and muddy road, which seemed to play tricks on my eyes in the narrow flare of my light. After about 7:30 pm, we finally arrived at Dharapani (1,860 meters), an elevation gain of almost 800 meters that day, and it felt pretty cold. 

What on earth! To our misery, no lodges had a vacancy. However, one staff member from the hotel we had dropped by volunteered to scout around and eventually managed a crummy room for us. Near desperation, the thought that we might have to bunk under an open sky made me shiver involuntarily. 

Cold, exhausted, and wet, we hit the bunk early after a hasty supper, with a comforting and lasting feeling that we had, after all, a roof over our heads—and thankful to the guy for doing us a good turn. The relief and gratitude we felt at that moment were palpable.

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All psyched up, Raju and I left Besisahar the following day in the morning—our mountain bikes were well-dialed in Kathmandu. The challenge had ultimately begun for our bid to accomplish the Annapurna Circuit. 

For my partner, Raju, at age 35, it appeared it would not be much of a sweat. But the thought I was daring the Annapurna Circuit at age 70 kept wriggling like a worm in my head—a daunting prospect.  

Following a hearty breakfast and a once-over of our bicycles, we left Besisahar. Raju appeared excitedly bursting at the seams. So was I—a little apprehensive, though. Both of us were first-timers in the Lamjung district. Our itinerary for the day was Syange, some 30-plus km away. 

Given Beshisahar's low elevation (760m), the weather was warm and the sun bright. Surprisingly, after barely pedaling an hour, the hubbub of the city receded into thin habitation. Soon, we were feasting our eyes on a laid back rustic countryside. The Marsyangdi River, we never lost sight of, did one better to steal our hearts.

River Marshyangdi (translating to a raging river) drains high up in the glaciers of the northwest face of the Annapurna massif and Manaslu Himalayan range. It is further fed by glacial runoff from the Larkya Himalayan sub-range; seasonal and perennial springs further feed the flow, turning the river bigger and fiercer, churning and crashing over huge rocks and boulders.

The river works eastward across the Manang Valley and then steers southward into the Lamjung district. It travels further across the Lamjung district to end its long journey to tumble into the Trishuli River at Mugling, where a horde of tributaries joins in on the way. 

With class 4 to 5 rapids, Marsyangdi River is one of the world's top-notch rivers for white-water rafting, offering a mind-blowing, white-knuckled two-day ride from the put-in point at Nagadi to Beshisahar. 

Contrary to our expectations, the dirt road until Khudi proved a breeze, with mild ascents and not so gravelly. The first thing that struck us at Khudi was a portal opening on the face of a hill—a tunnel built by the Upper Marsyangdi hydro-power project in 2019, measuring 296 m lengthwise. 

The motor passage was wide enough for two vehicles to drive past. Amusingly, we had to switch on our bicycle light as it was pitch dark within—an interruption in the power supply, we figured. Fascinated, we pedaled across the dark, oddly wet passage, dodging small puddles. On closer look, we noticed oozing from the ceiling and the concrete wall of the tunnel. 

The weather remained clear, and the sky was indigo; Marshyangdi appeared almost neck to neck with the road. “Hell, look at the road, uncle,” Raju called out. After Khudi, the road in one section was a complete mess with mud and slush as far as our eyes traveled. Pedaling across that stretch seemed impossible, and we resorted to walking our bikes, trying not to muck our shoes in the ankle-deep mud.

The weather remained warm for the fall season as the elevation gain was piddling when we arrived at Bhulbhule (840 meters). Given the low elevation, the tropical riverine vegetation and moist and dry deciduous scrub forest with Sal (Shorea robusta), Banjh (oak), and Sano pangro (elm), to name a few, looked lush and flourishing on the way. 

Although on the go, we could not help but stop at Bhulbhule as we caught sight of a massive waterfall. It dropped from a towering forested hill, crashing at the base with a loud boom. When we approached closer to take snaps, we could feel almost 25 feet away, our faces sprayed by a fine cloud of mist. “Wow,” said Raju, relentlessly clicking at his cell phone camera.

We kept pedaling along the quiet, unsullied countryside, the road almost deserted save for a few passing motorbikes and a couple of jeeps. The greenery appeared ubiquitous, punctuated by small pockets of settlements, farmlands, and verdant forests dotting the hills.

The recent post-Dashain rains, floods, and landslips in Lamjung and Manang had left tell-tale scars on the landscape—mounds of debris and rocks lay piled up by the roadside. 

With the bounding Marshyangdi to our left, we stopped at Nagadi (930 meters), a decent-looking town with teahouses and lodges flanking the road. We hit the road after a brief rest, a cup of tea, and light refreshment. 

After Nagadi, the elevation gradually rose, and we had to huff it up several steep climbs. At Dobhantar, we were in for a stunning view. We crossed a bridge over a turquoise reservoir while densely forested hills stood on both sides—nothing short of picture-perfect.  

At Ghermu, Shildhunga, we stopped to stretch our tired limbs and sip water from our bottles. At that moment, our ears caught the sound of crashing water nearby. Within minutes, we were gawking at another waterfall that barreled down from the crest of a hill. 

Bahundanda village could be sighted across the Marshyangdi, snugly hugging the hill of a brow with terraces of rice fields cascading down to the river bank. We learned the trekking trails from Besisahar to Manang cut across many villages of Lamjung but intermittently blended with the road after it opened a few years back. 

We ran past miniature waterfalls by the dozen on the way but soon lost count of them. The going so far seemed moderately challenging for me, but there was nothing to fret about much. I often needed to catch up with Raju on uphills, who waited on me coolly. Great guy! 

It almost felt like an eternity before we finally arrived at Syange (1,100 meters), our destination for the day, relieved, spent, and starving. We had to kick our heels for our cherished dal-bhat as we had arrived past lunchtime, about three in the afternoon. And all that time, my stomach groaned in protest. 

But to our surprise, the only occupant, a lady, rustled up our food within barely half an hour. We ate like pigs, no kidding. The lady owner, Ghale Gurung, suggested we visit a nearby waterfall, Syange's Pride.  

After heaving up a spiraling flight of narrow, crude stone steps for 15 minutes, we arrived at the spot. The dizzying height was scary as some sections did not have railings with steep drops hundreds of feet below. 

Whoa! It was another massive sight. The force of the drop from the soaring height was so ferocious that a fine spray of water virtually drenched us. Mesmerized, we stayed quite some time at the top, marveling about nature's unbounded bounty before retreating to the lodge. 

After a satisfying supper of egg veg noodles, we retired for the night early as we had to make it to Dharapani the next day. 

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Following my thrilling cycling escapades to Kalinchok, Sailung, Tarke Ghyang, and Chitlang, my 13-day trek to Upper Mustang in 2018 was the absolute humdinger. The rugged terrain, the breathtaking views, and the camaraderie with fellow trekkers and cyclists, who became more like a family, made it an unforgettable experience.

I then set my sights on the iconic Annapurna Circuit for 2020, the prize trail coveted by international and domestic trekkers and cyclists. Spring (March-May) and autumn (mid-Sept to mid-Oct) are the shoulder seasons for trekking the Annapurna Circuit.

The Circuit offers a feast for the eyes, with breathtaking views of the Himalayas. The majestic Annapurna massif, Annapurna I to IV, stands tall, followed by a whole shebang:  Dhaulagiri (8167m), Manaslu (8156m), Nilgiri (7061m), Machhapuchhre (6993m), Hiunchuli (6443m), Lamjung Himal (6983m), Tukuche peak (6920m), and Tilicho peak (7134m), among others (43 peaks overall).

Deemed as demanding, the trail/dirt road rises from as low an elevation as 760m to a soaring 5,416m (Thorang La pass). The Circuit, which encompasses 230 km, gets underway from Beshisahar, Lamjung, traverses Manang across to Mustang, and culminates at Beni, Myagdi.

The Annapurna Circuit also distinguishes itself for Yak Attack, touted as the highest and most challenging mountain bike race on earth with extremes of temperature and the harshest terrains.

The global pandemic, a force beyond our control, abruptly halted our plans for 2020, including the Annapurna Circuit. In early 2020, Covid-19 hit Nepal hard, followed by frequent blanket lockdowns, and life seemed to come to a grinding halt. Given the Covid-19 fallout, Mustang and Manang officially drew the curtain for visitors, and uncertainty loomed over the future of adventure travel.

Raju, my trusted cycling companion, and I meticulously planned our 13-day tour itinerary of the Annapurna Circuit. After the government lifted all Covid-19-related restrictions in the first week of March 2022, we began our preparations in earnest. We studied the weather patterns, mapped the route, and prepared our gear. After much brainstorming, we finally set out our trip following the Dashain holidays, ready to face whatever challenges lay ahead.

Both Manang and Mustang had opened their doors to visitors, and Kathmandu gradually saw the influx of foreign tourists, but uncertainty and doubts still hung in the air. “Something could go wrong any time,” said Raju.

However, our journey was not without its share of unexpected challenges. Just before Dashain, a sudden bout of precipitation caught the country off guard. It persisted throughout the festival, triggering a series of landslides and flooding on the road from Beshisahar to Manang, bringing all traffic to a standstill.

We had no choice but to hold back with a snowball’s chance in hell for the roads to open shortly. And the Tihar festival was around the corner into the bargain. But we didn’t give up. Thankfully, the fogs cleared—the rains ceased, and the roadway opened. And we scheduled our delayed expedition after the Tihar festival in the second week of November—our fingers crossed.

The big day arrived for our epic ride, and we shuttled our bikes to the Gongabu bus terminal. We planned to take a bus, but the hassle and chaos at the bus station made us change our minds, and we opted instead for a public Hiace van with our bikes adequately loaded on the roof.

“Finally, we did it; nothing can stop us now—until the kingdom comes,” Raju exclaimed with a mix of relief and excitement as the van started moving, Besisahar-bound—the kick-off point for our thrilling cycling adventure.

After four hours of a bone-jarring ride on the Prithivi Highway to Dumre, the once-paved road to Beshisahar was challenging. It was reduced to anything but pits and potholes, causing us to pitch and toss as the van lurched along almost the entire journey. 

What bothered us most was the plight of our bikes on the van’s roof. We ensured they were well-secured each time the van pulled up for lunch or tea breaks.

Phew! After almost four hours of a bone-jarring ride, to our great relief, we finally arrived in the late afternoon at Beshisahar, 178km away from Kathmandu. Beshisahar, day one on our itinerary, was our stopover for the night and the onset of our cycling to Manang. We checked into a nearby hotel.

Contrary to our expectations, Beshisahar, the district headquarters of Lamjung, turned out to be a large city with fancy houses, trendy shops, and a score of eateries, including in-vogue fast-food joints and diners. The Bazar area bustled and crawled with people; hawkers peddled their wares, and the traffic flow remained steady.

Less than 800m from the sea level, the weather of Beshisahar, even in mid-November, appeared balmy and rather pleasant. The urban sprawl extended to the banks of the Marshyangdi River. The bluish-chalky river kept us company without a break throughout our ride from the town of Dumre.

After a brief stroll across the town center, we returned to the hotel to check our gear and make the last-minute preparations. The thought that we would spin off the next day made us so thrilled we could die!

I, for one, had a mix of excitement and nervousness.

As I gazed at the rugged landscape and the daunting hills ahead, I couldn't help but wonder: Was I pushing past my limits, no longer a spring chicken at age 70? But the thrill of the adventure and the unwavering camaraderie with Raju made me all the more stubborn and dead set.

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Our last day's adventure at the Jungle Island Resort (read previous story), Bandarjola, Chitwan National Park, was a sightseeing tour of the Magar crocodiles and the inimitable Gharials. That meant almost a two-hour ride in a narrow dugout canoe in the Narayani River. It sounded great to my family but me. It was a no-go for me flat out because I was too scared of water—virtually to a fixation.

I had reasons for my fear of water, and the story behind it goes like this: Once, in the lake city of Pokhara, I went fishing in a narrow two-person dugout with a local guy in Lake Phewa. Everything was going fine, and we managed a few catches, too.

But the weather turned sour without any warning, and we were caught unawares by a massive thunderstorm. Barely had we made half the distance to the banks across the lake when the narrow dugout started filling with heavy rainwater almost to the level of the hull.

Panic-stricken, I frantically bailed the water out with a small bucket we carried while my local guide furiously worked the paddles. Suddenly, I realized that I didn't know how to swim!

After what appeared like a half-hour, the dreadful ordeal ended, though. The rain fell back, and we made it to the safety of the banks. Phew! "That was a close call," I mumbled to myself. From that day onwards, I never considered doing a boat ride again and steered clear of even a swimming pool in the bargain.  

I walked my excited kids and wife to the riverboat yard and waved them goodbye as the canoe slid into the water. I had two hours to kill before they would be back. I spotted a shack with a few chairs and benches close by. It turned out to be a tea shop.  

The tea made from buffalo milk had that typical Terai hallmark—thick and cloyingly sweet. I could not resist and went for a second cup. As I was about to sip my tea, my eyes fell upon a distant elephant hulking down in my direction. At a closer look, the mounted figure looked very familiar. Wait a minute! He was none other than Kumal and the elephant, every inch, Laxmikali.  

I greeted him with a wave and asked him to join me for tea. He was all smiles to see me and broke into a chuckle when I told him sheepishly my excuse for not joining my family for the canoe ride.

As our chat followed, I suddenly observed a scar running on his face from the left side of the lip and cheek to almost the side of his temple. I missed the scar the previous day when we were on the mind-boggling elephant ride. I could not help asking him about it. And my jaws dropped when Kumal recited the story that took place several years ago.  

"The incident took place while I was doing a routine safari ride for two foreign guests," Kumal said. "I had with me the same elephant, Laxmikali." Kumal pointed his finger at the nearby Laxmikali, tugging at a patch of sod with his trunk.

"Shortly, we ran into a sloth bear right on our track," he continued. The bear stood guard for her cub perched on a Jamun tree (java plum) branch some 15 feet above the ground. Jamuns are a favorite of bears. Kumal's long experience in the park's forest told him a lone bear, except for a brief display of aggression, did not pose a genuine threat to humans.

But a mama bear in her cub's company could turn into quite another story—the most unpredictable. She can turn nasty and is as often as not likely to attack, even if the least provoked.

Instinct made Laxmikali stop in her tracks, but she did not take alarm. Such encounters were not uncommon during safari rides. Kumal thought it better to give the bear a wide berth, though. The last thing he wished for was a face-off.

It was too late! Without warning, the mother bear swung around towards Laxmikali and charged at a run with a blood-curdling growl, baring her fangs.

From 15 yards, the mother bear closed in on a bound and kept coming! She stopped at a few paces, stood on her toes, and snarled. Laxmikali froze, so did Kumal. 

The moment of truth had arrived, thought Kumal. The silence behind the howdah also spoke about the guests' plight. As Kumal's concern was their safety, the only course left for him was to make a slow retreat. But as he nudged Laxmikali with his toes to step back, the bear struck, taking a nasty bite of her trunk. Everything happened in the blink of an eye.

Before Kumal knew it, mayhem struck, and Laxmikali went berserk. She retaliated with an ear-splitting trumpeting that shook the ground, the sound tearing for miles into the dense forest. Still, in a befuddled state, Kumal watched in dismay as Laxmikali bounded for the tree instead of turning up on the bear. She lashed her trunks onto the branch to pull the terrified cub down. The guests watched from the howdah, stunned.

The drama seemed unrelenting as the desperate club clutched a tree branch for dear life. Stupefied by Laxmikali's unexpected onslaught, the bear wavered and backed off but resumed her vicious lunges again. Thank heaven. So far, no harm had come to the guests, mused Kumal, sweat running down his forehead, almost blinding his eyes.

However, he realized the situation was getting out of hand. He tried his best, but no coaxing or sharp clouting worked to curb Laxmikali's fury.

Frothing at the mouth, she flailed her trunk wildly to knock the bear cub down. Meanwhile, the mother bear's challenging huffing, woofing, and lunges appeared feeble. She likely thought better of it against the animal ten times her size.

Suddenly, there was a loud crack. Before Kumal could gather his wits, a stout branch came crashing down, hitting him in the chest. Another hit the side of his face, almost knocking him off Laxmikali's back. He blacked out, a searing pain gripping his chest.

The traumatic state must have lasted a few seconds before Kumal recovered. He instinctively felt for his face to find a bruised lip and a deep gash on the side of his face. His fingers came back sticky with his warm blood.

Alarmed, he turned back. His eyes fell on one of the howdah supports, broken in two. Horrified, he looked at the guests. His guests, though almighty shaken, remained safe. He took a sigh of relief.

With blood streaming down his face, he tried to size up the predicament. Laxmikali's hulking flanks still twitched with intense rage, and she seemed prepared for another attack. The drama took a sharp turn, though—the cub hurtled down to the ground and scampered to its mother. Two meters from Kumal, the mother bear held her ground and continued the face-off. The little cub cowered, huddling behind her.

Providentially, two safari elephants converged on the scene for Kumal's rescue at that very moment. Guided by the shouts and commotion, they had decided to dash to the spot. Upon seeing two more elephants as backup, the bear thought it wise to slink away with her cub, ending the gory drama. "I had to have seven stitches to my face. It took over a month for me to recover," said Kumal.

As Kumal wrapped up his story, I could still feel the hairs on my arms stand on end. After an exchange of pleasantries, Kumal left for his quarters with Laxmikali striding along proudly. The duo soon disappeared into the vernal woods as I ordered a third cup of tea.  

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